Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC24339)

• Drug Combination Name: Atovaquone + Doxycycline
• Indication: Hepatoblastoma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Atovaquone (DMY4UMW): Small molecular drug
  Doxycycline (DM7ICNU): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: HB3
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 12.789
  Bliss Independence Score: 11.217
  Loewe Additivity Score: 9.229
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 11.128

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Atovaquone

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Fungal infection	1F29-1F2F	Approved	[2]

Atovaquone Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Plasmodium Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (Malaria DHOdehase)	TT3PQ2Y	PYRD_PLAF7	Inhibitor	[6]

Atovaquone Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[7]

Atovaquone Interacts with 2 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)	OTAKFN78	PYRD_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[8]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	OTLLBX48	CP1A2_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[9]

Indication(s) of Doxycycline

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[3]
Actinomycosis	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Acute gonococcal cervicitis	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Acute gonococcal epididymo-orchitis	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Advanced gum disease	DA0D	Approved	[4]
Anthrax	1B97	Approved	[3]
Bartonellosis	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Boutonneuse fever	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Brill-Zinsser disease	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Bronchitis	CA20	Approved	[3]
Brucellosis	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Chancroid	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Chlamydiaceae infections	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Chronic periodontitis	DA0C.Y	Approved	[4]
Colorectal carcinoma	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Cutaneous anthrax	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Endemic typhus	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Epidemic louse-borne typhus	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Gastrointestinal anthrax	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Inhalational anthrax	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Listeriosis	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Lymphogranuloma venereum	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Ornithosis	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Q fever	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Relapsing fever	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Rickettsialpox	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Rickettsiosis	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Rocky mountain spotted fever	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Syphilis	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Trachoma	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Tularemia	1B94	Approved	[3]
Typhus	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Yaws	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Diabetic foot ulcer	BD54	Phase 2	[5]
Sinusitis	CA0A.Z	Investigative	[3]
Vibrio cholerae infection	1A00	Investigative	[3]

Doxycycline Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Bacterial 30S ribosomal RNA (Bact 30S rRNA)	TTOVFH2	NOUNIPROTAC	Modulator	[11]

Doxycycline Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]

Doxycycline Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[13]

Doxycycline Interacts with 9 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1)	OTEJROBO	MDR1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[14]
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1)	OTYXFLSD	CP1B1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)	OTFE4EYE	AHR_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain (HLA-B)	OTNXFWY2	HLAB_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[15]
72 kDa type IV collagenase (MMP2)	OT5NIWA2	MMP2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[16]
Stromelysin-1 (MMP3)	OTGBI74Z	MMP3_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[16]
Neutrophil collagenase (MMP8)	OTZXH19L	MMP8_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[16]
Collagenase 3 (MMP13)	OTY8BZIE	MMP13_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TARDBP)	OTVOSFWW	TADBP_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[18]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] The fight against drug-resistant malaria: novel plasmodial targets and antimalarial drugs. Curr Med Chem. 2008;15(2):161-71.
• [3] Doxycycline FDA Label
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6464).
• [5] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00764361) Safety Study of Topical Doxycycline Gel for Adult Diabetic Lower Extremity Ulcers. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [6] Inhibitor binding in a class 2 dihydroorotate dehydrogenase causes variations in the membrane-associated N-terminal domain. Protein Sci. 2004 Apr;13(4):1031-42.
• [7] Time-dependent pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism of atovaquone plus proguanil (Malarone) when taken as chemoprophylaxis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Apr;58(1):19-27.
• [8] Kinetics of inhibition of human and rat dihydroorotate dehydrogenase by atovaquone, lawsone derivatives, brequinar sodium and polyporic acid. Chem Biol Interact. 2000 Jan 3;124(1):61-76.
• [9] Application of higher throughput screening (HTS) inhibition assays to evaluate the interaction of antiparasitic drugs with cytochrome P450s. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Jan;29(1):30-5.
• [10] Aryl hydrocarbon receptor protects lung adenocarcinoma cells against cigarette sidestream smoke particulates-induced oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 Mar 15;259(3):293-301.
• [11] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
• [12] Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jan 1;370(1):153-64.
• [13] A further interaction study of quinine with clinically important drugs by human liver microsomes: determinations of inhibition constant (Ki) and type of inhibition. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 1999 Jul-Sep;24(3):272-8.
• [14] Functional and histochemical analysis of MDR3 P-glycoprotein in a tetracycline-controlled gene expression system. Eur J Med Res. 2000 Dec 29;5(12):517-22.
• [15] Systems pharmacological analysis of drugs inducing stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 May 18;28(5):927-34. doi: 10.1021/tx5005248. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
• [16] Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of targeted tetracycline derivatives: effects on inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007 Mar 15;15(6):2368-74. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.01.026. Epub 2007 Jan 19.
• [17] Chloramphenicol causes mitochondrial stress, decreases ATP biosynthesis, induces matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression, and solid-tumor cell invasion. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Jul;116(1):140-50. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq085. Epub 2010 Mar 25.
• [18] A high-content screen identifies novel compounds that inhibit stress-induced TDP-43 cellular aggregation and associated cytotoxicity. J Biomol Screen. 2014 Jan;19(1):44-56. doi: 10.1177/1087057113501553. Epub 2013 Sep 9.