Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCBEIHD)

• Drug Combination Name: Metformin + Empagliflozin
• Indication: Type-2 diabetes; Status: Approved [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Metformin (DM89QE1): Small molecular drug
  Empagliflozin (DMRF9YK): Small molecular drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Metformin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Colorectal carcinoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Non-insulin dependent diabetes	5A11	Approved	[2]
Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Prostate carcinoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Type-2 diabetes	5A11	Approved	[3]
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)	1D6Y	Investigative	[4]

Metformin Interacts with 3 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACACB)	TTY84UG	ACACB_HUMAN	Activator	[6]
Solute carrier family 47 member 1 (SLC47A1)	TTMHCGA	S47A1_HUMAN	Modulator	[7]
HUMAN mannose receptor (MRC1)	TTKV8W5	MRC1_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[4]

Metformin Interacts with 9 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]
Organic cation transporter 2 (SLC22A2)	DT9IDPW	S22A2_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (SLC47A1)	DTZGT0P	S47A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]
Organic cation transporter 3 (SLC22A3)	DT6201N	S22A3_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1)	DTT79CX	S22A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 (SLC47A2)	DT3TX4H	S47A2_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]
Thiamine transporter 1 (SLC19A2)	DTLA4Q2	S19A2_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]
Thiamine transporter 2 (SLC19A3)	DT39CEA	S19A3_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4 (SLC29A4)	DT3EAQP	S29A4_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]

Indication(s) of Empagliflozin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Type-1 diabetes	5A10	Approved	[5]

Empagliflozin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2)	TTLWPVF	SC5A2_HUMAN	Modulator	[15]

Empagliflozin Interacts with 2 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[16]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[17]

Empagliflozin Interacts with 4 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7)	DEB3CV1	UD2B7_HUMAN	Metabolism	[18]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A3 (UGT1A3)	DEF2WXN	UD13_HUMAN	Metabolism	[18]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 (UGT1A9)	DE85D2P	UD19_HUMAN	Metabolism	[18]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8 (UGT1A8)	DE2GB8N	UD18_HUMAN	Metabolism	[18]

References

• [1] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800030467)
• [2] Metformin FDA Label
• [3] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [4] A SARS-CoV-2-Human Protein-Protein Interaction Map Reveals Drug Targets and Potential Drug-Repurposing. March 2020
• [5] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4754).
• [6] AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms underlying in vitro antiglioma action of compound C. Biochem Pharmacol. 2009 Jun 1;77(11):1684-93.
• [7] Molecular cloning, functional characterization and tissue distribution of rat H+/organic cation antiporter MATE1. Pharm Res. 2006 Aug;23(8):1696-701.
• [8] Role of human placental apical membrane transporters in the efflux of glyburide, rosiglitazone, and metformin. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Apr;202(4):383.e1-7.
• [9] Metformin is a superior substrate for renal organic cation transporter OCT2 rather than hepatic OCT1. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2005 Oct;20(5):379-86.
• [10] Human multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1/SLC47A1) transporter: functional characterization, interaction with OCT2 (SLC22A2), and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2010 Apr;298(4):F997-F1005.
• [11] Expression of organic cation transporters OCT1 (SLC22A1) and OCT3 (SLC22A3) is affected by genetic factors and cholestasis in human liver. Hepatology. 2009 Oct;50(4):1227-40.
• [12] Substrate specificity of MATE1 and MATE2-K, human multidrug and toxin extrusions/H(+)-organic cation antiporters. Biochem Pharmacol. 2007 Jul 15;74(2):359-71.
• [13] Metformin Is a Substrate and Inhibitor of the Human Thiamine Transporter, THTR-2 (SLC19A3). Mol Pharm. 2015 Dec 7;12(12):4301-10.
• [14] Metformin: from mechanisms of action to therapies. Cell Metab. 2014 Dec 2;20(6):953-66.
• [15] 2014 FDA drug approvals. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2015 Feb;14(2):77-81.
• [16] KEGG: new perspectives on genomes, pathways, diseases and drugs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D353-D361. (dg:DG01665)
• [17] KEGG: new perspectives on genomes, pathways, diseases and drugs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D353-D361. (dg:DG01913)
• [18] Empagliflozin (Jardiance): a novel SGLT2 inhibitor for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. P T. 2015 Jun;40(6):364-8.