Details of the Drug Transporter (DTP)

General Information of Drug Transporter (DTP) (ID: DT9IDPW)

• DTP Name: Organic cation transporter 2 (SLC22A2)
• Gene Name: SLC22A2
• UniProt ID: O15244 (S22A2_HUMAN)
• VARIDT ID: DTD0006
• Synonyms: OCT2; SLC22A2; Solute carrier family 22 member 2; hOCT2
• DTP Family:
  Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS)
  Organic Cation Transporter (OCT) Family
• Tissue Specificity: primarily expressed on the renal proximal tubule cells, low expression in small intestine, trachea and bronchi, skin, placenta, brain and the choroid plexus, and the inner ear
• Sequence:
  MPTTVDDVLEHGGEFHFFQKQMFFLLALLSATFAPIYVGIVFLGFTPDHRCRSPGVAELS
  LRCGWSPAEELNYTVPGPGPAGEASPRQCRRYEVDWNQSTFDCVDPLASLDTNRSRLPLG
  PCRDGWVYETPGSSIVTEFNLVCANSWMLDLFQSSVNVGFFIGSMSIGYIADRFGRKLCL
  LTTVLINAAAGVLMAISPTYTWMLIFRLIQGLVSKAGWLIGYILITEFVGRRYRRTVGIF
  YQVAYTVGLLVLAGVAYALPHWRWLQFTVSLPNFFFLLYYWCIPESPRWLISQNKNAEAM
  RIIKHIAKKNGKSLPASLQRLRLEEETGKKLNPSFLDLVRTPQIRKHTMILMYNWFTSSV
  LYQGLIMHMGLAGDNIYLDFFYSALVEFPAAFMIILTIDRIGRRYPWAASNMVAGAACLA
  SVFIPGDLQWLKIIISCLGRMGITMAYEIVCLVNAELYPTFIRNLGVHICSSMCDIGGII
  TPFLVYRLTNIWLELPLMVFGVLGLVAGGLVLLLPETKGKALPETIEEAENMQRPRKNKE
  KMIYLQVQKLDIPLN
• Function: This transporter is a major determinant of the anticancer activity of oxaliplatin and may contribute to antitumor specificity. Mediates tubular uptake of organic compounds from circulation. Mediates the influx of agmatine, dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, choline, famotidine, ranitidine, histamin, creatinine, amantadine, memantine, acriflavine, 4-[4-(dimethylamino)-styryl]-N-methylpyridinium ASP, amiloride, metformin, N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), tetraethylammonium (TEA), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), cimetidine, cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Transport of creatinine is inhibited by fluoroquinolones such as DX-619 and LVFX.
• Endogenous Substrate(s): Peptide derivatives; Organic cations
• TCDB ID: 2.A.1.19.30
• Gene ID: 6582
• KEGG Pathway: Choline metabolism in cancer (hsa05231)
• Reactome Pathway:
  Norepinephrine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle (R-HSA-181430)
  Abacavir transmembrane transport (R-HSA-2161517)
  Na+/Cl- dependent neurotransmitter transporters (R-HSA-442660)
  Organic cation transport (R-HSA-549127)
  Neurotransmitter clearance (R-HSA-112311)

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This DTP

22 Approved Drug(s) Transported by This DTP

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Amantadine	DMS3YE9	Influenza A virus infection	1E30	Approved	[1]
Amiloride	DMRTSGP	Congestive heart failure	BD10	Approved	[2]
Cimetidine	DMH61ZB	Acid-reflux disorder	DA22	Approved	[3]
Cisplatin	DMRHGI9	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[4]
Clonidine	DM6RZ9Q	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	6A05.Z	Approved	[5]
Dinoprostone	DMTYOPD	Medical abortion	JA00.1Z	Approved	[6]
Dofetilide	DMPN1TW	Sinus rhythm disorder	BC9Y	Approved	[7]
Dopamine	DMPGUCF	Acromegaly	5A60.0	Approved	[8]
Ergotidine	DM78IME	Osteoarthritis	FA00-FA05	Approved	[9]
Famotidine	DMRL3AB	Gastric ulcer	DA60	Approved	[10]
Gabapentin	DM6T924	Complex partial seizure	8A68.0	Approved	[11]
Lamivudine	DMI347A	Chronic HBV infection	1E51.0Z	Approved	[12]
LY2835219	DM93VBZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[13]
Memantine	DMD9WSC	Alzheimer disease	8A20	Approved	[1]
Metformin	DM89QE1	Colorectal carcinoma		Approved	[14]
Norepinephrine	DMOUC09	Alopecia	ED70	Approved	[8]
Oxaliplatin	DMQNWRD	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[15]
Pramipexole	DMNMW9R	Parkinson disease	8A00.0	Approved	[16]
Propranolol	DM79NTF	Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[5]
Quinine	DMSWYF5	Malaria	1F40-1F45	Approved	[17]
Ranitidine	DM0GUSX	Gastric ulcer	DA60	Approved	[10]
Varenicline	DMMUOLJ	Drug dependence		Approved	[18]

2 Clinical Trial Drug(s) Transported by This DTP

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
YM155	DM5Q1W4	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Phase 2	[19]
PGF2alpha	DM4XAU7	Solid tumour/cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Clinical trial	[20]

1 Preclinical Drug(s) Transported by This DTP

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
N-methylpyridinium	DMVUKEW	N. A.	N. A.	Preclinical	[21]

3 Investigative Drug(s) Transported by This DTP

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
CHOLINE	DM5D9YK	Insomnia	7A00-7A0Z	Investigative	[22]
SEROTONIN	DMOFCRY	Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[8]
[14C]TEA	DM6SFYH	Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[23]

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) of This DTP

Disease Name	ICD 11	Studied Tissue	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Acute myelocytic leukaemia	2B33.1	Bone marrow	6.67E-01	2.80E-02	1.41E-01
Adrenocortical carcinoma	2D11.Z	Kidney	3.12E-01	-1.13E-01	-3.96E-01
Alopecia	ED70	Skin from scalp	3.58E-01	-5.53E-02	-1.72E-01
Alzheimer's disease	8A20	Entorhinal cortex	8.22E-01	-1.05E-02	-3.83E-02
Ankylosing spondylitis	FA92.0	Pheripheral blood	3.27E-01	1.05E-01	7.75E-01
Aortic stenosis	BB70	Calcified aortic valve	8.90E-01	4.65E-02	6.11E-02
Apnea	7A40	Hyperplastic tonsil	7.55E-01	-1.34E-01	-3.30E-01
Arthropathy	FA00-FA5Z	Peripheral blood	4.51E-01	2.90E-02	1.63E-01
Asthma	CA23	Nasal and bronchial airway	2.12E-01	-6.43E-02	-1.72E-01
Atopic dermatitis	EA80	Skin	1.18E-05	1.40E-01	1.17E+00
Autism	6A02	Whole blood	5.77E-02	-3.60E-02	-1.33E-01
Autoimmune uveitis	9A96	Peripheral monocyte	5.43E-01	-8.39E-02	-3.75E-01
Autosomal dominant monocytopenia	4B04	Whole blood	7.19E-01	2.02E-03	1.13E-02
Bacterial infection of gingival	1C1H	Gingival tissue	4.69E-01	2.14E-02	5.56E-02
Batten disease	5C56.1	Whole blood	9.04E-01	-1.07E-03	-4.69E-03
Behcet's disease	4A62	Peripheral blood	2.08E-01	1.07E-01	4.48E-01
Bipolar disorder	6A60-6A6Z	Prefrontal cortex	2.94E-01	-1.32E-01	-6.00E-01
Bladder cancer	2C94	Bladder tissue	3.51E-07	9.93E-01	5.66E+00
Breast cancer	2C60-2C6Z	Breast tissue	1.47E-23	-2.36E-01	-6.34E-01
Cardioembolic stroke	8B11.20	Whole blood	2.03E-01	-6.29E-02	-2.41E-01
Cervical cancer	2C77	Cervical tissue	9.74E-01	2.13E-02	8.79E-02
Childhood onset rheumatic disease	FA20.Z	Peripheral blood	5.26E-01	4.21E-02	1.75E-01
Chronic hepatitis C	1E51.1	Whole blood	6.14E-01	-1.20E-02	-4.60E-02
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	Lung tissue	8.05E-03	4.99E-02	2.72E-01
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	Small airway epithelium	3.96E-01	5.18E-02	2.24E-01
Chronic rhinosinusitis	CA0A	Sinus mucosa tissue	7.50E-02	1.86E-01	1.00E+00
Colon cancer	2B90	Colon tissue	6.58E-02	-6.35E-02	-1.87E-01
Coronary artery disease	BA80-BA8Z	Peripheral blood	6.97E-01	-1.89E-02	-1.11E-01
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma	2A81	Tonsil tissue	4.05E-01	-2.25E-01	-1.17E+00
Endometriosis	GA10	Endometrium tissue	3.28E-02	3.87E-01	9.77E-01
Familial hypercholesterolemia	5C80.00	Peripheral blood	7.70E-01	-2.57E-02	-1.46E-01
Familial hypercholesterolemia	5C80.00	Whole blood	2.17E-01	-8.16E-02	-3.36E-01
Gastric cancer	2B72	Gastric tissue	4.93E-02	-2.74E-01	-2.18E+00
Glioblastopma	2A00.00	Nervous tissue	2.46E-01	-1.05E-02	-2.65E-02
Glioma	2A00.0Y-2A00.0Z	White matter tissue	3.40E-02	-1.56E-01	-4.03E-01
Head and neck cancer	2D42	Head and neck tissue	4.80E-01	-3.49E-02	-1.60E-01
HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment	8A2Y-8A2Z	White matter tissue	4.83E-02	-1.08E-01	-4.40E-01
Huntington's disease	8A01.10	Whole blood	9.80E-01	4.68E-02	3.86E-01
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	CB03.4	Lung tissue	6.77E-01	-2.64E-02	-8.74E-02
Immunodeficiency	4A00-4A20	Peripheral blood	6.67E-01	-7.45E-02	-6.44E-01
Influenza	1.00E+30	Whole blood	7.59E-02	2.22E-01	3.15E+00
Interstitial cystitis	GC00.3	Bladder tissue	7.84E-01	1.25E-01	5.11E-01
Intracranial aneurysm	8B01.0	Intracranial artery	5.59E-01	-1.40E-01	-3.00E-01
Irritable bowel syndrome	DD91.0	Rectal colon tissue	8.19E-01	-6.70E-03	-2.10E-02
Ischemic stroke	8B11	Peripheral blood	7.72E-02	1.04E-01	6.36E-01
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis	FA24	Peripheral blood	6.66E-01	1.95E-02	7.01E-02
Lateral sclerosis	8B60.4	Cervical spinal cord	6.47E-01	1.03E-01	3.16E-01
Lateral sclerosis	8B60.4	Skin	2.25E-02	2.13E-01	2.22E+00
Liver cancer	2C12.0	Liver tissue	4.08E-06	-2.73E-01	-8.80E-01
Liver failure	DB99.7-DB99.8	Liver tissue	7.25E-01	-2.44E-02	-1.50E-01
Lung cancer	2C25	Lung tissue	6.98E-01	-1.97E-02	-8.16E-02
Lupus erythematosus	4A40	Whole blood	3.96E-01	-4.99E-02	-7.30E-02
Major depressive disorder	6A70-6A7Z	Whole blood	5.48E-01	1.84E-02	6.21E-02
Major depressive disorder	6A70-6A7Z	Hippocampus	2.69E-01	1.83E-02	7.94E-02
Melanoma	2C30	Skin	9.07E-01	1.59E-01	2.18E-01
Multiple myeloma	2A83.1	Bone marrow	1.35E-02	-4.34E-01	-1.22E+00
Multiple myeloma	2A83.1	Peripheral blood	5.18E-01	2.56E-02	9.96E-02
Multiple sclerosis	8A40	Plasmacytoid dendritic cells	4.95E-01	-1.32E-01	-3.77E-01
Myelodysplastic syndrome	2A36-2A3Z	Bone marrow	3.63E-01	1.04E-01	4.06E-01
Myelofibrosis	2A20.2	Whole blood	5.05E-01	1.18E-01	8.35E-01
Myocardial infarction	BA41-BA50	Peripheral blood	3.97E-01	3.24E-01	3.34E-01
Myopathy	8C70.6	Muscle tissue	9.84E-02	-1.78E-01	-1.07E+00
Neonatal sepsis	KA60	Whole blood	4.92E-03	-9.29E-02	-4.35E-01
Neuroectodermal tumour	2A00.11	Brain stem tissue	2.20E-04	-6.15E-01	-1.91E+00
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	DB92	Liver tissue	4.75E-01	5.28E-03	2.81E-02
Obesity related type 2 diabetes	5A11	Omental adipose tissue	2.79E-01	2.84E-02	2.87E-01
Olive pollen allergy	CA08.00	Peripheral blood	5.85E-02	6.76E-02	1.50E+00
Oral cancer	2B6E	Oral tissue	1.74E-02	-5.79E-01	-1.23E+00
Osteoarthritis	FA00-FA0Z	Synovial tissue	9.41E-01	5.60E-02	2.13E-01
Osteoporosis	FB83.1	Bone marrow	1.21E-01	7.60E-02	7.08E-01
Ovarian cancer	2C73	Ovarian tissue	1.74E-01	-5.94E-02	-3.19E-01
Pancreatic cancer	2C10	Pancreas	2.36E-02	-3.65E-01	-7.81E-01
Parkinson's disease	8A00.0	Substantia nigra tissue	1.57E-01	-2.96E-01	-1.02E+00
Pediatric respiratory syncytial virus infection	CA40.11	Peripheral blood	2.40E-01	-6.95E-02	-2.29E-01
Pituitary cancer	2D12	Pituitary tissue	8.03E-01	6.88E-02	1.35E-01
Pituitary gonadotrope tumour	2D12	Pituitary tissue	6.97E-01	6.86E-02	1.45E-01
Polycystic ovary syndrome	5A80.1	Vastus lateralis muscle	6.98E-01	5.10E-02	3.32E-01
Polycythemia vera	2A20.4	Whole blood	2.01E-01	1.31E-03	8.10E-03
Pompe disease	5C51.3	Biceps muscle	8.86E-01	7.01E-02	3.12E-01
Preterm birth	KA21.4Z	Myometrium	9.33E-01	1.28E-01	9.88E-01
Prostate cancer	2C82	Prostate	4.25E-01	-2.07E-01	-3.53E-01
Psoriasis	EA90	Skin	5.61E-04	-1.80E-01	-4.16E-01
Rectal cancer	2B92	Rectal colon tissue	3.66E-01	-2.05E-01	-7.46E-01
Renal cancer	2C90-2C91	Kidney	3.37E-02	-1.25E+00	-7.79E-01
Retinoblastoma	2D02.2	Uvea	4.51E-05	-6.63E-01	-3.08E+00
Rheumatoid arthritis	FA20	Synovial tissue	9.68E-01	-1.20E-02	-5.67E-02
Rhinovirus infection	CA42.1	Nasal epithelium tissue	6.84E-01	-3.03E-02	-1.89E-01
Schizophrenia	6A20	Prefrontal cortex	7.23E-01	1.76E-02	3.79E-02
Schizophrenia	6A20	Superior temporal cortex	3.97E-01	-2.51E-02	-2.54E-01
Scleroderma	4A42.Z	Whole blood	1.88E-01	-8.54E-02	-3.25E-01
Seizure	8A60-8A6Z	Whole blood	7.73E-01	1.22E-02	6.09E-02
Sensitive skin	EK0Z	Skin	5.81E-01	-2.94E-02	-1.79E-01
Sepsis with septic shock	1G41	Whole blood	5.52E-04	1.22E-01	4.70E-01
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome	3A70.0	Bone marrow	2.40E-01	4.76E-01	1.13E+00
Sickle cell disease	3A51.0-3A51.3	Peripheral blood	1.34E-01	2.21E-01	1.13E+00
Simpson golabi behmel syndrome	LD2C	Adipose tissue	8.74E-01	2.50E-02	1.91E-01
Sjogren's syndrome	4A43.2	Salivary gland tissue	4.26E-01	-6.25E-03	-6.30E-02
Skin cancer	2C30-2C3Z	Skin	1.45E-01	1.37E-01	3.17E-01
Thrombocythemia	3B63	Whole blood	4.14E-05	1.39E-01	9.50E-01
Thrombocytopenia	3B64	Whole blood	9.54E-01	5.18E-03	1.08E-02
Thyroid cancer	2D10	Thyroid	1.17E-02	2.81E-02	8.16E-02
Tibial muscular dystrophy	8C75	Muscle tissue	6.44E-01	-7.45E-02	-3.85E-01
Tuberous sclerosis complex	LD2D.2	Perituberal tissue	3.58E-01	7.04E-02	2.47E+00
Type 2 diabetes	5A11	Liver tissue	4.35E-01	-1.55E-01	-8.93E-01
Ureter cancer	2C92	Urothelium	1.92E-01	6.24E-02	2.47E-01
Uterine cancer	2C78	Endometrium tissue	3.22E-01	-5.13E-03	-1.30E-02
Vitiligo	ED63.0	Skin	4.52E-02	-6.81E-02	-6.37E-01

Drug Affinity of This DTP Assessed by Cell Line

Approved Drug(s)

Drug Name	Highest Status	Cell Line	Affinity	REF
Amantadine	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 27.0 microM	[1]
Amantadine	Approved	Oocytes-OCT2	Km = 27.0 microM	[1]
Amiloride	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 95.0 microM	[2]
Cimetidine	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 60.0 microM	[24]
Cimetidine	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 72.6 microM	[10]
Dinoprostone	Approved	Proximal tubule (S2) cells-OCT2	Km = 0.0289 microM	[20]
Dopamine	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 330.0 microM	[1]
Dopamine	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 1400.0 microM	[8]
Dopamine	Approved	Oocytes-OCT2	Km = 390.0 microM	[1]
Ergotidine	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 940.0 microM	[8]
Ergotidine	Approved	Oocytes-OCT2	Km = 1300.0 microM	[1]
Famotidine	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 56.1 microM	[10]
Lamivudine	Approved	Oocytes-OCT2	Km = 46.3 microM	[12]
Memantine	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 34.0 microM	[1]
Memantine	Approved	Oocytes-OCT2	Km = 34.0 microM	[1]
Metformin	Approved	Human cervical cancer cell line (Hela)-OCT2	Km = 680.0 microM	[25]
Metformin	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 990.0 microM	[14]
Metformin	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 1072.0 microM	[26]
Metformin	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 3171.0 microM	[21]
Metformin	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 3356.0 microM	[27]
Norepinephrine	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 1500.0 microM	[8]
Norepinephrine	Approved	Oocytes-OCT2	Km = 1900.0 microM	[1]
Quinine	Approved	Oocytes-OCT2	Km = 2.6 microM	[17]
Ranitidine	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 65.2 microM	[10]
Varenicline	Approved	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 370.0 microM	[18]

Clinical Trial Drug(s)

Drug Name	Highest Status	Cell Line	Affinity	REF
YM155	Phase 2	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 2.67 microM	[19]
PGF2alpha	Clinical trial	Proximal tubule (S2) cells-OCT2	Km = 0.344 microM	[20]

Investigative Drug(s)

Drug Name	Highest Status	Cell Line	Affinity	REF
CHOLINE	Investigative	Oocytes-OCT2	Km = 102.0 microM	[22]
CHOLINE	Investigative	Oocytes-OCT2	Km = 210.0 microM	[17]
SEROTONIN	Investigative	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 290.0 microM	[8]
SEROTONIN	Investigative	Oocytes-OCT2	Km = 80.0 microM	[1]
[14C]TEA	Investigative	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 63.0 microM	[28]
[14C]TEA	Investigative	Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)-OCT2	Km = 431.0 microM	[28]
[14C]TEA	Investigative	Oocytes-OCT2	Km = 33.8 microM	[23]
[14C]TEA	Investigative	Oocytes-OCT2	Km = 31.0 microM	[17]
[14C]TEA	Investigative	Oocytes-OCT2	Km = 76.0 microM	[17]

The Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT) Role of This DTP

• DTP DTT Name: Organic cation transporter 2 DTT Info

References

• [1] Human neurons express the polyspecific cation transporter hOCT2, which translocates monoamine neurotransmitters, amantadine, and memantine. Mol Pharmacol. 1998 Aug;54(2):342-52.
• [2] Characterization of regulatory mechanisms and states of human organic cation transporter 2. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2006 Jun;290(6):C1521-31.
• [3] Elevated systemic elimination of cimetidine in rats with acute biliary obstruction: the role of renal organic cation transporter OCT2. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2010;25(4):328-34.
• [4] Cisplatin nephrotoxicity is critically mediated via the human organic cation transporter 2. Am J Pathol. 2005 Dec;167(6):1477-84.
• [5] Influx Transport of Cationic Drug at the Blood-Retinal Barrier: Impact on the Retinal Delivery of Neuroprotectants. Biol Pharm Bull. 2017;40(8):1139-1145.
• [6] Are organic cation transporters capable of transporting prostaglandins? Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2005 Aug;372(2):125-30.
• [7] FDA Drug Development and Drug Interactions
• [8] Differential pharmacological in vitro properties of organic cation transporters and regional distribution in rat brain. Neuropharmacology. 2006 Jun;50(8):941-52.
• [9] The organic cation transporters (OCT1, OCT2, EMT) and the plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) show differential distribution and cyclic expression pattern in human endometrium and early pregnancy decidua. Mol Reprod Dev. 2007 Oct;74(10):1303-11.
• [10] A species difference in the transport activities of H2 receptor antagonists by rat and human renal organic anion and cation transporters. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Oct;315(1):337-45.
• [11] Clinical pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies of gabapentin enacarbil, a novel transported prodrug of gabapentin, with naproxen and cimetidine. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 May;69(5):498-507.
• [12] Genetic variants of organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) and OCT2 significantly reduce lamivudine uptake. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2012 Apr;33(3):170-8.
• [13] Abemaciclib Inhibits Renal Tubular Secretion Without Changing Glomerular Filtration Rate. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019 May;105(5):1187-1195.
• [14] Metformin is a superior substrate for renal organic cation transporter OCT2 rather than hepatic OCT1. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2005 Oct;20(5):379-86.
• [15] Relevance of copper transporter 1 and organic cation transporters 1-3 for oxaliplatin uptake and drug resistance in colorectal cancer cells. Metallomics. 2018 Mar 1;10(3):414-425.
• [16] Uptake of pramipexole by human organic cation transporters. Mol Pharm. 2010 Aug 2;7(4):1342-7.
• [17] Cloning and characterization of two human polyspecific organic cation transporters. DNA Cell Biol. 1997 Jul;16(7):871-81.
• [18] Effect of human renal cationic transporter inhibition on the pharmacokinetics of varenicline, a new therapy for smoking cessation: an in vitro-in vivo study. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Apr;83(4):567-76.
• [19] Characterization of human organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1/SLC22A1)- and OCT2 (SLC22A2)-mediated transport of 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-methyl-4,9-dioxo-3-(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)- 4,9-dihydro-1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazolium bromide (YM155 monobromide), a novel small molecule survivin suppressant. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Jan;38(1):1-4.
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