Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCJ05B9)

• Drug Combination Name: Metformin + MK-2206
• Indication: Malignant melanoma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Metformin (DM89QE1): Small molecular drug
  MK-2206 (DMT1OZ6): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: SKMEL30
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 9.45
  Bliss Independence Score: 15.67
  Loewe Additivity Score: 6.88
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 10.56

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Metformin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Colorectal carcinoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Non-insulin dependent diabetes	5A11	Approved	[2]
Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Prostate carcinoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Type-2 diabetes	5A11	Approved	[3]
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)	1D6Y	Investigative	[4]

Metformin Interacts with 3 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACACB)	TTY84UG	ACACB_HUMAN	Activator	[7]
Solute carrier family 47 member 1 (SLC47A1)	TTMHCGA	S47A1_HUMAN	Modulator	[8]
HUMAN mannose receptor (MRC1)	TTKV8W5	MRC1_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[4]

Metformin Interacts with 9 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]
Organic cation transporter 2 (SLC22A2)	DT9IDPW	S22A2_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (SLC47A1)	DTZGT0P	S47A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]
Organic cation transporter 3 (SLC22A3)	DT6201N	S22A3_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1)	DTT79CX	S22A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 (SLC47A2)	DT3TX4H	S47A2_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]
Thiamine transporter 1 (SLC19A2)	DTLA4Q2	S19A2_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]
Thiamine transporter 2 (SLC19A3)	DT39CEA	S19A3_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4 (SLC29A4)	DT3EAQP	S29A4_HUMAN	Substrate	[15]

Indication(s) of MK-2206

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Rectal adenocarcinoma	2B92	Phase 2	[5]
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma	2B6B	Investigative	[6]

MK-2206 Interacts with 2 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT3)	TTAZ05C	AKT3_HUMAN	Modulator	[17]
E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme T (UBE2T)	TT0A1R8	UBE2T_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[6]

MK-2206 Interacts with 20 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)	OTAPLO1S	EGFR_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[18]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)	OT4IE164	TNFA_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[16]
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 (ERBB2)	OTOAUNCK	ERBB2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[18]
Interleukin-6 (IL6)	OTUOSCCU	IL6_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[16]
Endothelin-1 (EDN1)	OTZCACEG	EDN1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Tissue factor (F3)	OT3MSU3B	TF_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[19]
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (FLT1)	OTT0OGYS	VGFR1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Interleukin-10 (IL10)	OTIRFRXC	IL10_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[16]
Endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB)	OTLLZV3P	EDNRB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS)	OTP9XG86	TNR6_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[20]
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1)	OT8H2YY7	AKT1_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[21]
T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 (CD80)	OTJBLUQE	CD80_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 (CD86)	OTJCSBPC	CD86_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[21]
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA)	OTOM9OE4	CEBPA_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Actin, aortic smooth muscle (ACTA2)	OTEDLG8E	ACTA_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[22]
Small ribosomal subunit protein eS6 (RPS6)	OTT4D1LN	RS6_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[21]
Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8)	OT8YSNI4	IRF8_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1)	OTHBQVD5	4EBP1_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[21]
Proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 (AKT1S1)	OT4JHN4Y	AKTS1_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[23]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Adenocarcinoma	DCE0TF5	HT29	Investigative	[1]
Ewing sarcoma-peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour	DCPMMW1	ES2	Investigative	[1]
Malignant melanoma	DCAZPCM	A375	Investigative	[1]
Breast carcinoma	DCVV3DN	OCUBM	Investigative	[24]

References

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• [2] Metformin FDA Label
• [3] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [4] A SARS-CoV-2-Human Protein-Protein Interaction Map Reveals Drug Targets and Potential Drug-Repurposing. March 2020
• [5] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7945).
• [6] UBE2T promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis by activating the AKT/GSK3/-catenin pathway.Oncotarget. 2016 Mar 22;7(12):15161-72.
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• [10] Metformin is a superior substrate for renal organic cation transporter OCT2 rather than hepatic OCT1. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2005 Oct;20(5):379-86.
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• [14] Metformin Is a Substrate and Inhibitor of the Human Thiamine Transporter, THTR-2 (SLC19A3). Mol Pharm. 2015 Dec 7;12(12):4301-10.
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• [16] Chemerin promotes the pathogenesis of preeclampsia by activating CMKLR1/p-Akt/CEBP axis and inducing M1 macrophage polarization. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2022 Aug;38(4):611-628. doi: 10.1007/s10565-021-09636-7. Epub 2021 Aug 16.
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• [18] Platycodin D potentiates proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction upon AKT inhibition via feedback blockade in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Sci Rep. 2016 Nov 29;6:37997. doi: 10.1038/srep37997.
• [19] Elucidating mechanisms of toxicity using phenotypic data from primary human cell systems--a chemical biology approach for thrombosis-related side effects. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Jan 5;16(1):1008-29. doi: 10.3390/ijms16011008.
• [20] PI3K/AKT inhibitors aggravate death receptor-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis and liver injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019 Oct 15;381:114729. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114729. Epub 2019 Aug 22.
• [21] Harnessing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: eliminating activity by targeting at different levels. Oncotarget. 2012 Aug;3(8):811-23. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.579.
• [22] -Mangostin alleviates liver fibrosis through Sirtuin 3-superoxide-high mobility group box 1 signaling axis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019 Jan 15;363:142-153. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.11.011. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
• [23] Akt activation by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) in ovarian cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 2017 Aug 25;292(34):14188-14204. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M117.778464. Epub 2017 Jun 20.
• [24] Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.