Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCU5PH4)

• Drug Combination Name: Diazoxide + Emetine
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Diazoxide (DML1538): Small molecular drug
  Emetine (DMCT2YF): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 0.64
  Bliss Independence Score: 0.64
  Loewe Additivity Score: 2.68
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 2.69

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Diazoxide

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Congenital hyperinsulinism	5A4Y	Approved	[2]
Hyperinsulinemia	5A4Y	Approved	[2]
Hypertension	BA00-BA04	Approved	[3]
Hypertensive emergency	BA03	Approved	[2]
Insulinoma	2C10.1	Approved	[2]
Malignant essential hypertension	BA00	Approved	[2]

Diazoxide Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Potassium channel unspecific (KC)	TT1VOHK	NOUNIPROTAC	Modulator	[5]

Diazoxide Interacts with 8 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)	OT4IE164	TNFA_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[6]
Interleukin-6 (IL6)	OTUOSCCU	IL6_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[6]
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit (NFKB1)	OTNRRD8I	NFKB1_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[7]
Interleukin-10 (IL10)	OTIRFRXC	IL10_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[6]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1)	OT8HPTKJ	CCND1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Catenin beta-1 (CTNNB1)	OTZ932A3	CTNB1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Bcl-2-like protein 1 (BCL2L1)	OTRC5K9O	B2CL1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 (KCNJ11)	OTPUUELV	KCJ11_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]

Indication(s) of Emetine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Hepatitis virus infection	1E50-1E51	Approved	[4]

Emetine Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]

Emetine Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[12]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[12]

Emetine Interacts with 15 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK)	OT9QIHEQ	RECK_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (TGFB1)	OTV5XHVH	TGFB1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[14]
N-myc proto-oncogene protein (MYCN)	OTWD33K1	MYCN_HUMAN	Increases Degradation	[15]
72 kDa type IV collagenase (MMP2)	OT5NIWA2	MMP2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha (IL6R)	OTCQL07Z	IL6RA_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)	OT310QSG	PARP1_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[16]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
C-C motif chemokine 3 (CCL3)	OTW2H3ND	CCL3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT)	OTMTP2Z7	TAU_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[17]
C-C motif chemokine 4 (CCL4)	OT6B8P25	CCL4_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2)	OTAD2HEL	CCL2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5)	OTSCA5CK	CCL5_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9)	OTB2QDAV	MMP9_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[13]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[13]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] Diazoxide FDA Label
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 2409).
• [4] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [5] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
• [6] Antihypertensive drugs clonidine, diazoxide, hydralazine and furosemide regulate the production of cytokines by placentas and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in normal pregnancy. J Hypertens. 2006 May;24(5):915-22. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000222762.84605.03.
• [7] Diazoxide-mediated preconditioning against apoptosis involves activation of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) and NFkappaB. J Biol Chem. 2004 Nov 5;279(45):46748-54. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M406217200. Epub 2004 Aug 23.
• [8] Diazoxide-mediated growth inhibition in human lung cancer cells via downregulation of beta-catenin-mediated cyclin D1 transcription. Lung. 2009 Jan-Feb;187(1):61-7. doi: 10.1007/s00408-008-9127-1. Epub 2008 Dec 4.
• [9] Combined contributions of over-secreted glucagon-like peptide 1 and suppressed insulin secretion to hyperglycemia induced by gatifloxacin in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 Feb 1;266(3):375-84. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.11.015. Epub 2012 Nov 28.
• [10] Cell-based and cytokine-directed chemical screen to identify potential anti-multiple myeloma agents. Leuk Res. 2010 Jul;34(7):917-24. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.12.002. Epub 2010 Feb 8.
• [11] Potential role of drug transporters in the pathogenesis of medically intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2005 Feb;46(2):224-35.
• [12] Metabolism of ipecac alkaloids cephaeline and emetine by human hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450s, and their inhibitory effects on P450 enzyme activities. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001 Jun;24(6):678-82.
• [13] Emetine inhibits migration and invasion of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells via regulation of ERK and p38 signaling pathways. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Dec 5;242:25-33. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.014. Epub 2015 Aug 30.
• [14] Identification and Profiling of Environmental Chemicals That Inhibit the TGF/SMAD Signaling Pathway. Chem Res Toxicol. 2019 Dec 16;32(12):2433-2444. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00228. Epub 2019 Nov 11.
• [15] IGF2BP1 induces neuroblastoma via a druggable feedforward loop with MYCN promoting 17q oncogene expression. Mol Cancer. 2023 May 29;22(1):88. doi: 10.1186/s12943-023-01792-0.
• [16] Apoptosis induces Bcl-XS and cleaved Bcl-XL in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Feb 18;405(3):480-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.01.057. Epub 2011 Jan 20.
• [17] Pharmacologic reductions of total tau levels; implications for the role of microtubule dynamics in regulating tau expression. Mol Neurodegener. 2006 Jul 26;1:6. doi: 10.1186/1750-1326-1-6.