Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCUD52V)

• Drug Combination Name: Estramustine + Idarubicin
• Indication: Mesothelioma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Estramustine (DMWTAOI): Small molecular drug
  Idarubicin (DMM0XGL): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: MSTO
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 7.57
  Bliss Independence Score: 8.29
  Loewe Additivity Score: 4.79
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 9.09

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Estramustine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Prostate cancer	2C82.0	Approved	[2]

Estramustine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Estramustine binding protein (EMBP)	TTSBFYK	NOUNIPROTAC	Binder	[5]

Estramustine Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[6]

Estramustine Interacts with 2 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 (KRT18)	OTVLQFIP	K1C18_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2)	OT9DVHC0	BCL2_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[8]

Indication(s) of Idarubicin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[3]
Acute myeloid leukaemia	2A60	Approved	[4]
Adult acute monocytic leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Childhood acute megakaryoblastic leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[3]

Idarubicin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2)	TT0IHXV	TOP2A_HUMAN; TOP2B_HUMAN	Modulator	[10]

Idarubicin Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1)	DTSYQGK	MRP1_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]

Idarubicin Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[13]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[13]

Idarubicin Interacts with 9 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Estrogen receptor (ESR1)	OTKLU61J	ESR1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1)	OTC1W6UX	HMOX1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
Androgen receptor (AR)	OTUBKAZZ	ANDR_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[9]
Natriuretic peptides B (NPPB)	OTSN2IPY	ANFB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)	OTHMARHO	PPARG_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[16]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD)	OTI4WTOP	PPARD_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)	OTZX881H	KCNH2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[17]
Bile acid receptor (NR1H4)	OTWZLPTB	NR1H4_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Glioblastoma?	DCFPOMS	T98G	Investigative	[18]
Breast carcinoma	DCGW8SB	KPL1	Investigative	[19]
Colon carcinoma	DCJJK8P	RKO	Investigative	[19]
Adenocarcinoma	DCBDOSY	COLO320DM	Investigative	[1]
Adenocarcinoma	DCHB0XM	HT29	Investigative	[1]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma	DC0K9PN	OVCAR-8	Investigative	[1]
Lung adenocarcinoma	DC4P7OI	MDA-MB-231	Investigative	[1]
Malignant melanoma	DCNQNLZ	RPMI7951	Investigative	[1]
Ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma	DCVUMXN	A2780	Investigative	[1]
Prostate carcinoma	DCS8VOP	VCAP	Investigative	[1]

References

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• [2] Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. J Nat Prod. 2007 Mar;70(3):461-77.
• [3] Idarubicin FDA Label
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7083).
• [5] Estramustine binding protein in primary tumours and metastases of malignant melanoma. Melanoma Res. 1994 Dec;4(6):401-5.
• [6] Activity of docetaxel with or without estramustine phosphate versus mitoxantrone in androgen dependent and independent human prostate cancer xenografts. J Urol. 2003 May;169(5):1729-34.
• [7] Docetaxel induces apoptosis in hormone refractory prostate carcinomas during multiple treatment cycles. Br J Cancer. 2006 Jun 5;94(11):1592-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603129.
• [8] Induction of apoptosis by estramustine phosphate mediated by phosphorylation of bcl-2. J Neurooncol. 2001 Aug;54(1):23-9. doi: 10.1023/a:1012566601485.
• [9] Quantitative high-throughput profiling of environmental chemicals and drugs that modulate farnesoid X receptor. Sci Rep. 2014 Sep 26;4:6437. doi: 10.1038/srep06437.
• [10] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
• [11] Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
• [12] Amonafide L-malate is not a substrate for multidrug resistance proteins in secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2008 Nov;22(11):2110-5.
• [13] In vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions between cytarabine, idarubicin, itraconazole and caspofungin. Hematology. 2004 Jun;9(3):217-21.
• [14] A Quantitative Approach to Screen for Nephrotoxic Compounds In Vitro. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016 Apr;27(4):1015-28. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2015010060. Epub 2015 Aug 10.
• [15] The use of biochemical markers in cardiotoxicity monitoring in patients treated for leukemia. Neoplasma. 2005;52(5):430-4.
• [16] The induction of apoptosis by daunorubicin and idarubicin in human trisomic and diabetic fibroblasts. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2008;13(2):182-94. doi: 10.2478/s11658-007-0045-7. Epub 2008 Apr 10.
• [17] Refining the human iPSC-cardiomyocyte arrhythmic risk assessment model. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):581-94. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft205. Epub 2013 Sep 19.
• [18] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [19] Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.