Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCVX14L)

• Drug Combination Name: Metformin + MK-4827
• Indication: Amelanotic melanoma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Metformin (DM89QE1): Small molecular drug
  MK-4827 (DMLYGH4): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: A2058
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 21.13
  Bliss Independence Score: 24.33
  Loewe Additivity Score: 4.9
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 21.59

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Metformin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Colorectal carcinoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Non-insulin dependent diabetes	5A11	Approved	[2]
Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Prostate carcinoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Type-2 diabetes	5A11	Approved	[3]
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)	1D6Y	Investigative	[4]

Metformin Interacts with 3 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACACB)	TTY84UG	ACACB_HUMAN	Activator	[7]
Solute carrier family 47 member 1 (SLC47A1)	TTMHCGA	S47A1_HUMAN	Modulator	[8]
HUMAN mannose receptor (MRC1)	TTKV8W5	MRC1_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[4]

Metformin Interacts with 9 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]
Organic cation transporter 2 (SLC22A2)	DT9IDPW	S22A2_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (SLC47A1)	DTZGT0P	S47A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]
Organic cation transporter 3 (SLC22A3)	DT6201N	S22A3_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1)	DTT79CX	S22A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 (SLC47A2)	DT3TX4H	S47A2_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]
Thiamine transporter 1 (SLC19A2)	DTLA4Q2	S19A2_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]
Thiamine transporter 2 (SLC19A3)	DT39CEA	S19A3_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4 (SLC29A4)	DT3EAQP	S29A4_HUMAN	Substrate	[15]

Indication(s) of MK-4827

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Ovarian cancer	2C73	Phase 3	[5]
Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Phase 2	[6]
Ewing sarcoma	2B52	Phase 1	[6]

MK-4827 Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP)	TTEBCY8	NOUNIPROTAC	Modulator	[16]

MK-4827 Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)	DE6OQ3W	CP1A1_HUMAN	Metabolism	[17]
Carboxylesterase 1 (CES1)	DEB30C5	EST1_HUMAN	Metabolism	[18]
Beta-glucuronidase (GUSB)	DEP54UE	BGLR_HUMAN	Metabolism	[18]

MK-4827 Interacts with 1 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Histone H2AX (H2AX)	OT18UX57	H2AX_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[19]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Adenocarcinoma	DC3QMWE	NCIH1650	Investigative	[1]
Adenocarcinoma	DCJHU0K	NCIH520	Investigative	[1]
Adenocarcinoma	DCIB4EE	COLO320DM	Investigative	[1]
Adenocarcinoma	DC4RJJL	HCT116	Investigative	[1]
Adenocarcinoma	DC5NYRE	HT29	Investigative	[1]
Malignant melanoma	DCV0NPE	SKMEL30	Investigative	[1]
Non small cell carcinoma	DC0Y88K	SKMES1	Investigative	[1]
Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma	DCFXORH	SK-OV-3	Investigative	[1]
Breast carcinoma	DCX0YG6	OCUBM	Investigative	[20]
Carcinoma	DCBNXOO	OV90	Investigative	[20]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] Metformin FDA Label
• [3] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [4] A SARS-CoV-2-Human Protein-Protein Interaction Map Reveals Drug Targets and Potential Drug-Repurposing. March 2020
• [5] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03602859) A Phase 3 Comparison of Platinum-based Therapy With TSR-042 and Niraparib Versus Standard of Care (SOC) Platinum-based Therapy as First-line Treatment of Stage III or IV Nonmucinous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (FIRST). U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [6] Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
• [7] AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms underlying in vitro antiglioma action of compound C. Biochem Pharmacol. 2009 Jun 1;77(11):1684-93.
• [8] Molecular cloning, functional characterization and tissue distribution of rat H+/organic cation antiporter MATE1. Pharm Res. 2006 Aug;23(8):1696-701.
• [9] Role of human placental apical membrane transporters in the efflux of glyburide, rosiglitazone, and metformin. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Apr;202(4):383.e1-7.
• [10] Metformin is a superior substrate for renal organic cation transporter OCT2 rather than hepatic OCT1. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2005 Oct;20(5):379-86.
• [11] Human multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1/SLC47A1) transporter: functional characterization, interaction with OCT2 (SLC22A2), and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2010 Apr;298(4):F997-F1005.
• [12] Expression of organic cation transporters OCT1 (SLC22A1) and OCT3 (SLC22A3) is affected by genetic factors and cholestasis in human liver. Hepatology. 2009 Oct;50(4):1227-40.
• [13] Substrate specificity of MATE1 and MATE2-K, human multidrug and toxin extrusions/H(+)-organic cation antiporters. Biochem Pharmacol. 2007 Jul 15;74(2):359-71.
• [14] Metformin Is a Substrate and Inhibitor of the Human Thiamine Transporter, THTR-2 (SLC19A3). Mol Pharm. 2015 Dec 7;12(12):4301-10.
• [15] Metformin: from mechanisms of action to therapies. Cell Metab. 2014 Dec 2;20(6):953-66.
• [16] Interpreting expression profiles of cancers by genome-wide survey of breadth of expression in normal tissues. Genomics 2005 Aug;86(2):127-41.
• [17] Discovery of 2-{4-[(3S)-piperidin-3-yl]phenyl}-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide (MK-4827): a novel oral poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) inhibitor efficacious in BRCA-1 and -2 mutant tumors. J Med Chem. 2009 Nov 26;52(22):7170-85.
• [18] Summary of FDA-approved anticancer cytotoxic drugs at May 2019.
• [19] Autophagy up-regulated by MEK/ERK promotes the repair of DNA damage caused by aflatoxin B1. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2022 Feb;32(2):87-96. doi: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1968985. Epub 2021 Aug 26.
• [20] Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.