General Information of Drug (ID: DMBMUWZ)

Drug Name
Emtricitabine
Synonyms
Coviracil; DOTFC; Emtriva; RCV; Racivir; BW 1592; BW 524W91; BW524W91; BW-524W91; Coviracil (TN); Coviracil(TM); DRG-0208; Emtriva(TM); Emtricitabine (JAN/USAN/INN); Beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine; Beta-L-(-)-(2R,5S)-5-Fluoro-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]cytosine; (-)-(2R,5S)-5-fluoro-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]cytosine; (-)-.beta.-L-FTC; (-)-2',3'-Dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine; (-)-2'-Deoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine; (-)-FTC; (-)-beta-2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine; (-)-cis-4-amino-5-fluoro-1-(2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)-(1H)-pyrimidin-2-one; (2R-cis)-4-Amino-5-fluoro-1-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)-2(1H)-pyrimidinone; 1-(2-(Hydroxymethyl)oxathiolan-5-yl)-5-fluorocytosine; 2',3',5-FTC; 2',3'-Dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine; 2'-Deoxy-5-fluoro-3'-oxa-4'-thiocytidine; 2'-Deoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine; 2-FTC; 3'-Thia-2'.3'-dideoxy-5-fluorocytidine; 4-Amino-5-fluoro-1-[(2R,5S)-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-2(1H)-pyrimidinone; 4-amino-5-fluoro-1-[(2R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-5-fluoro-1-[(2R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]pyrimidin-2-one; 5-Fluoro-1-((2R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)cytosine; 5-Fluoro-1-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)cytosine; 5-fluoro-1-[(2R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)[1,3]oxathiolan-5-yl]cytosine; 524W91; FTC
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Hepatitis virus infection 1E50-1E51 Approved [1]
Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [1]
Hepatitis B virus infection 1E51.0 Phase 3 [2]
Therapeutic Class
Anti-HIV Agents
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0 Molecular Weight (mw) 247.25
Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp) -0.6
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 5
ADMET Property
Absorption AUC
The area under the plot of plasma concentration (AUC) of drug is 10 +/- 3.1 mgh/L [3]
Absorption Cmax
The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of drug is 1.8 +/- 0.7 mg/L [3]
Absorption Tmax
The time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) is 1-2 h [3]
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 3: high solubility and low permeability [4]
Clearance
The clearance of drug is 15.1 L/h [5]
Elimination
Emtricitabine is 86% recovered in the urine and 14% recovered in feces [3]
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 10 hours [3]
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 11.5557 micromolar/kg/day [6]
Vd
The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 55.4 L [5]
Water Solubility
The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 112 mg/mL [4]
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C8H10FN3O3S
IUPAC Name
4-amino-5-fluoro-1-[(2R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]pyrimidin-2-one
Canonical SMILES
C1[C@H](O[C@H](S1)CO)N2C=C(C(=NC2=O)N)F
InChI
InChI=1S/C8H10FN3O3S/c9-4-1-12(8(14)11-7(4)10)5-3-16-6(2-13)15-5/h1,5-6,13H,2-3H2,(H2,10,11,14)/t5-,6+/m0/s1
InChIKey
XQSPYNMVSIKCOC-NTSWFWBYSA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
60877
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:31536
CAS Number
143491-57-0
DrugBank ID
DB00879
TTD ID
D0S9SD
VARIDT ID
DR00672
ACDINA ID
D00228
Combinatorial Drugs (CBD) Click to Jump to the Detailed CBD Information of This Drug
Repurposed Drugs (RPD) Click to Jump to the Detailed RPD Information of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Human immunodeficiency virus Reverse transcriptase (HIV RT) TT84ETX POL_HV1B1 Modulator [1]

Drug Transporter (DTP)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (SLC47A1) DTZGT0P S47A1_HUMAN Substrate [7]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
Albumin (ALB) OTVMM513 ALBU_HUMAN Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes [8]
Deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) OTW8HLZC DCK_HUMAN Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes [9]
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin (PRKN) OTJBN41W PRKN_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [10]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Same Disease as Emtricitabine
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Disease REF
Cobicistat DM6L4H2 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Emtricitabine caused by Cobicistat mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [11]
Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Emtricitabine (Comorbidity)
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Comorbidity REF
Remdesivir DMBFZ6L Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Emtricitabine and Remdesivir. 1D6YCoronavirus Disease 2019 [1D6YCoronavirus Disease 2019] [11]
Bedaquiline DM3906J Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Emtricitabine and Bedaquiline. Antimicrobial drug resistance [MG50-MG52] [12]
Pexidartinib DMS2J0Z Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Emtricitabine and Pexidartinib. Bone/articular cartilage neoplasm [2F7B] [13]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Emtricitabine and Cannabidiol. Epileptic encephalopathy [8A62] [14]
Brentuximab vedotin DMWLC57 Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Emtricitabine and Brentuximab vedotin. Hodgkin lymphoma [2B30] [15]
Mipomersen DMGSRN1 Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Emtricitabine and Mipomersen. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [16]
Teriflunomide DMQ2FKJ Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Emtricitabine and Teriflunomide. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [17]
BMS-201038 DMQTAGO Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Emtricitabine and BMS-201038. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [18]
Calaspargase pegol DMQZBXI Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Emtricitabine and Calaspargase pegol. Malignant haematopoietic neoplasm [2B33] [19]
Idelalisib DM602WT Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Emtricitabine and Idelalisib. Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82] [20]
Orlistat DMRJSP8 Moderate Altered absorption of Emtricitabine caused by Orlistat. Obesity [5B80-5B81] [21]
Leflunomide DMR8ONJ Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Emtricitabine and Leflunomide. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [17]
Trabectedin DMG3Y89 Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Emtricitabine and Trabectedin. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [14]
⏷ Show the Full List of 13 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG
DIG Name DIG ID PubChem CID Functional Classification
FD&C blue no. 2 E00446 2723854 Colorant
Crospovidone E00626 Not Available Disintegrant
Magnesium stearate E00208 11177 lubricant
Povidone E00667 Not Available Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Titanium dioxide E00322 26042 Coating agent; Colorant; Opacifying agent
Water E00035 962 Solvent
⏷ Show the Full List of 6 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug
Pharmaceutical Formulation
Formulation Name Drug Dosage Dosage Form Route
Emtricitabine 200 mg capsule 200 mg Oral Capsule Oral
Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1 Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2013 Feb;12(2):87-90.
2 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Gilead (2011).
3 FDA Approved Drug Products: Emtriva (Emtricitabine) Oral Capsules
4 BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
5 Valade E, Treluyer JM, Bouazza N, Ghosn J, Foissac F, Benaboud S, Fauchet F, Viard JP, Urien S, Hirt D: Population pharmacokinetics of emtricitabine in HIV-1-infected adult patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(4):2256-61. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02058-13. Epub 2014 Feb 3.
6 Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
7 Emtricitabine is a substrate of MATE1 but not of OCT1, OCT2, P-gp, BCRP or MRP2 transporters. Xenobiotica. 2017 Jan;47(1):77-85.
8 Binding of anti-HIV drugs to human serum albumin. IUBMB Life. 2004 Oct;56(10):609-14. doi: 10.1080/15216540400016286.
9 Nonenantioselectivity property of human deoxycytidine kinase explained by structures of the enzyme in complex with L- and D-nucleosides. J Med Chem. 2007 Jun 28;50(13):3004-14. doi: 10.1021/jm0700215. Epub 2007 May 27.
10 Chronic Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Disrupt Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Promote Premature Endothelial Senescence. Toxicol Sci. 2019 Dec 1;172(2):445-456. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz203.
11 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
12 Product Information. Sirturo (bedaquiline). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
13 Product Information. Turalio (pexidartinib). Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Parsippany, NJ.
14 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
15 Product Information. Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
16 Product Information. Kynamro (mipomersen). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
17 Canadian Pharmacists Association.
18 Product Information. Juxtapid (lomitapide). Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
19 Al-Nawakil C, Willems L, Mauprivez C, et.al "Successful treatment of l-asparaginase-induced severe acute hepatotoxicity using mitochondrial cofactors." Leuk Lymphoma 55 (2014): 1670-4. [PMID: 24090500]
20 Product Information. Zydelig (idelalisib). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
21 MHRA. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency "Orlistat: theoretical interaction with antiretroviral HIV medicines.".