Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DM6L4H2)

Drug Name

Cobicistat

Synonyms

1004316-88-4; Cobicistat (GS-9350); GS 9350; GS-9350; UNII-LW2E03M5PG; Cobicistat,GS-9350; CHEBI:72291; LW2E03M5PG; Tybost; thiazol-5-ylmethyl (2R,5R)-5-((S)-2-(3-((2-isopropylthiazol-4-yl)methyl)-3-methylureido)-4-morpholinobutanamido)-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-ylcarbamate; 1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl [(2R,5R)-5-{[(2S)-2-({[(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl](methyl)carbamoyl}amino)-4-(morpholin-4-yl)butanoyl]amino}-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-yl]carbamate; 1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[1]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Drug Type

Small molecular drug

Structure

3D MOL

2D MOL

#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 3

Molecular Weight (mw)

776

Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp)

5.7

Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds)

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor)

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc)

ADMET Property

BDDCS Class: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 2: low solubility and high permeability [2]
Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 3 - 4 hours [3]
Metabolism: The drug is metabolized via the CYP3A and to a minor extent by CYP2D6 enzymes and does not undergo glucuronidation []

Chemical Identifiers

Formula: C40H53N7O5S2
IUPAC Name: 1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl N-[(2R,5R)-5-[[(2S)-2-[[methyl-[(2-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]carbamoyl]amino]-4-morpholin-4-ylbutanoyl]amino]-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-yl]carbamate
Canonical SMILES: CC(C)C1=NC(=CS1)CN(C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCN2CCOCC2)C(=O)N[C@H](CC[C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)OCC4=CN=CS4)CC5=CC=CC=C5
InChI: InChI=1S/C40H53N7O5S2/c1-29(2)38-43-34(27-53-38)25-46(3)39(49)45-36(16-17-47-18-20-51-21-19-47)37(48)42-32(22-30-10-6-4-7-11-30)14-15-33(23-31-12-8-5-9-13-31)44-40(50)52-26-35-24-41-28-54-35/h4-13,24,27-29,32-33,36H,14-23,25-26H2,1-3H3,(H,42,48)(H,44,50)(H,45,49)/t32-,33-,36+/m1/s1
InChIKey: ZCIGNRJZKPOIKD-CQXVEOKZSA-N

Cross-matching ID

PubChem CID: 25151504
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:72291
CAS Number: 1004316-88-4
DrugBank ID: DB09065
TTD ID: D02VJP
INTEDE ID: DR0364
ACDINA ID: D00146

Combinatorial Drugs (CBD)

Click to Jump to the Detailed CBD Information of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A)	TTIJQ3O	NOUNIPROTAC	Modulator	[1]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)_{Main DME}	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Substrate	[4]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Substrate	[5]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)_{Main DME}	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Substrate	[6]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7)_{Main DME}	DERD86B	CP3A7_HUMAN	Substrate	[6]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

MIA Detail

Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Same Disease as Cobicistat

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Disease	REF
MK-1439	DM215WE	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by MK-1439 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[7]
Fostemsavir	DM50ILT	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Fostemsavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[8]
-----------

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Cobicistat (Comorbidity)

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Comorbidity	REF
Ivosidenib	DM8S6T7	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Ivosidenib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60]	[9]
Arn-509	DMT81LZ	Major	Increased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Arn-509 mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60]	[10]
Gilteritinib	DMTI0ZO	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Gilteritinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60]	[11]
Oliceridine	DM6MDCF	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Oliceridine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Acute pain [MG31]	[12]
Ivabradine	DM0L594	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Ivabradine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Angina pectoris [BA40]	[10]
Troleandomycin	DMUZNIG	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Troleandomycin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[10]
Erdafitinib	DMI782S	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Erdafitinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Bladder cancer [2C94]	[13]
Pexidartinib	DMS2J0Z	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Pexidartinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Bone/articular cartilage neoplasm [2F7B]	[14]
Talazoparib	DM1KS78	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Cobicistat due to the transporter inhibition by Talazoparib.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[15]
HKI-272	DM6QOVN	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by HKI-272 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[16]
LY2835219	DM93VBZ	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by LY2835219 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[17]
Tucatinib	DMBESUA	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Tucatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[18]
Palbociclib	DMD7L94	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Palbociclib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[19]
PF-04449913	DMSB068	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by PF-04449913 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia [2A40]	[20]
Vilanterol	DMF5EK1	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Vilanterol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [CA22]	[21]
Revefenacin	DMMP5SI	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Cobicistat due to the transporter inhibition by Revefenacin.	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [CA22]	[22]
Intedanib	DMSTA36	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Cobicistat due to the transporter inhibition by Intedanib.	Colorectal cancer [2B91]	[23]
Osilodrostat	DMIJC9X	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Osilodrostat mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Cushing syndrome [5A70]	[15]
OPC-34712	DMHG57U	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by OPC-34712 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[24]
Polatuzumab vedotin	DMF6Y0L	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Polatuzumab vedotin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [2A81]	[25]
Ingrezza	DMVPLNC	Major	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Cobicistat and Ingrezza.	Dystonic disorder [8A02]	[26]
Eslicarbazepine	DMZREFQ	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Eslicarbazepine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z]	[27]
Bay 80-6946	DMLOS5R	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Bay 80-6946 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Follicular lymphoma [2A80]	[28]
Tazemetostat	DMWP1BH	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Tazemetostat mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Follicular lymphoma [2A80]	[29]
Ripretinib	DM958QB	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Ripretinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Gastrointestinal stromal tumour [2B5B]	[10]
Avapritinib	DMK2GZX	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Avapritinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Gastrointestinal stromal tumour [2B5B]	[15]
Daclatasvir	DMSFK9V	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Daclatasvir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Hepatitis virus infection [1E50-1E51]	[15]
GS-9857	DMYU6P5	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Cobicistat due to the transporter inhibition by GS-9857.	Hepatitis virus infection [1E50-1E51]	[30]
Levamlodipine	DM92S6N	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Levamlodipine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Hypertension [BA00-BA04]	[27]
TP-434	DM5A31S	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by TP-434 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Infectious gastroenteritis/colitis [1A40]	[31]
Berotralstat	DMWA2DZ	Major	Decreased clearance of Cobicistat due to the transporter inhibition by Berotralstat.	Innate/adaptive immunodeficiency [4A00]	[32]
Tasimelteon	DMLOQ1V	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Tasimelteon mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z]	[33]
Eluxadoline	DMYZ0P1	Major	Decreased clearance of Cobicistat due to the transporter inhibition by Eluxadoline.	Irritable bowel syndrome [DD91]	[15]
Pemigatinib	DM819JF	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Pemigatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Liver cancer [2C12]	[15]
Brigatinib	DM7W94S	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Brigatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[34]
Lurbinectedin	DMEFRTZ	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Lurbinectedin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[35]
PF-06463922	DMKM7EW	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by PF-06463922 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[36]
Osimertinib	DMRJLAT	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Osimertinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[37]
Pralsetinib	DMWU0I2	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Pralsetinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[38]
Capmatinib	DMYCXKL	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Capmatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[39]
Selpercatinib	DMZR15V	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Selpercatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[15]
Artesunate	DMR27C8	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Cobicistat due to the transporter inhibition by Artesunate.	Malaria [1F40-1F45]	[14]
GDC-0199	DMH0QKA	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by GDC-0199 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82]	[40]
IPI-145	DMWA24P	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by IPI-145 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82]	[41]
LGX818	DMNQXV8	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by LGX818 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Melanoma [2C30]	[42]
Ubrogepant	DM749I3	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Ubrogepant mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Migraine [8A80]	[43]
Rimegepant	DMHOAUG	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Rimegepant mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Migraine [8A80]	[44]
Siponimod	DM2R86O	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Siponimod mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Multiple sclerosis [8A40]	[10]
Deflazacort	DMV0RNS	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Deflazacort mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Muscular dystrophy [8C70]	[15]
Fedratinib	DM4ZBK6	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Fedratinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20]	[15]
Entrectinib	DMMPTLH	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Entrectinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Non-small cell lung cancer [2C25]	[10]
S-297995	DM26IH8	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by S-297995 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Opioid use disorder [6C43]	[15]
Olaparib	DM8QB1D	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Olaparib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Ovarian cancer [2C73]	[10]
Rucaparib	DM9PVX8	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Rucaparib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Ovarian cancer [2C73]	[45]
Istradefylline	DM20VSK	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Istradefylline mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Parkinsonism [8A00]	[46]
Abametapir	DM2RX0I	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Abametapir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Pediculosis [1G00]	[47]
Lefamulin	DME6G97	Major	Decreased clearance of Cobicistat due to the transporter inhibition by Lefamulin.	Pneumonia [CA40]	[48]
Relugolix	DMK7IWL	Major	Decreased clearance of Cobicistat due to the transporter inhibition by Relugolix.	Prostate cancer [2C82]	[49]
Darolutamide	DMV7YFT	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Darolutamide mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Prostate cancer [2C82]	[50]
Upadacitinib	DM32B5U	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Upadacitinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20]	[51]
Voxelotor	DMCS6M5	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Voxelotor mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Sickle-cell disorder [3A51]	[52]
LDE225	DMM9F25	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by LDE225 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Skin cancer [2C30-2C37]	[53]
Larotrectinib	DM26CQR	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Larotrectinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[10]
LEE011	DMMX75K	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by LEE011 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[15]
Pitolisant	DM8RFNJ	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Pitolisant mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Somnolence [MG42]	[15]
Lusutrombopag	DMH6IKO	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Cobicistat due to the transporter inhibition by Lusutrombopag.	Thrombocytopenia [3B64]	[14]
As-1670542	DMV05SW	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by As-1670542 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Thrombocytopenia [3B64]	[15]
Elagolix	DMB2C0E	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Elagolix mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Uterine fibroid [2E86]	[54]
Fluticasone	DMGCSVF	Major	Decreased metabolism of Cobicistat caused by Fluticasone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08]	[55]
Betrixaban	DM2C4RF	Moderate	Decreased clearance of Cobicistat due to the transporter inhibition by Betrixaban.	Venous thromboembolism [BD72]	[56]
-----------


⏷ Show the Full List of 70 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG

DIG Name	DIG ID	PubChem CID	Functional Classification
Sunset yellow FCF	E00255	17730	Colorant
Carmellose sodium	E00625	Not Available	Disintegrant
Ferric hydroxide oxide yellow	E00539	23320441	Colorant
Magnesium stearate	E00208	11177	lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 3350	E00652	Not Available	Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Talc	E00520	16211421	Anticaking agent; Diluent; Glidant; lubricant
Titanium dioxide	E00322	26042	Coating agent; Colorant; Opacifying agent
Water	E00035	962	Solvent
--------------------


⏷ Show the Full List of 8 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug

Pharmaceutical Formulation

Formulation Name	Drug Dosage	Dosage Form	Route
Cobicistat 150 mg tablet	150 mg	Oral Tablet	Oral

Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1	URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7535).
2	BDDCS predictions, self-correcting aspects of BDDCS assignments, BDDCS assignment corrections, and classification for more than 175 additional drugs
3	Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
4	Drug interactions between hormonal contraceptives and antiretrovirals. AIDS. 2017 Apr 24;31(7):917-952.
5	Cobicistat versus ritonavir boosting and differences in the drug-drug interaction profiles with co-medications. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016 Jul;71(7):1755-8.
6	Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GS-9350: a novel pharmacokinetic enhancer without anti-HIV activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Mar;87(3):322-9.
7	Product Information. Pifeltro (doravirine). Merck & Company Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ.
8	Product Information. Rukobia (fostemsavir). ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, NC.
9	Product Information. Tibsovo (ivosidenib). Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
10	Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
11	Product Information. Xospata (gilteritinib). Astellas Pharma US, Inc, Deerfield, IL.
12	Product Information. Olinvyk (oliceridine). Trevena Inc, Chesterbrook, PA.
13	Product Information. Balversa (erdafitinib). Janssen Products, LP, Horsham, PA.
14	Product Information. Stribild (cobicistat/elvitegravir/emtricitabine/tenofov). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
15	Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
16	Abbas R, Hug BA, Leister C, Burns J, Sonnichsen D "Pharmacokinetics of oral neratinib during co-administration of ketoconazole in healthy subjects." Br J Clin Pharmacol 71 (2011): 522-7. [PMID: 21395644]
17	Product Information. Verzenio (abemaciclib). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
18	Product Information. Tukysa (tucatinib). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
19	Product Information. Ibrance (palbociclib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
20	Product Information. Daurismo (glasdegib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
21	Product Information. Breo Ellipta (fluticasone-vilanterol). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
22	Product Information. Nexletol (bempedoic acid). Esperion Therapeutics, Ann Arbor, MI.
23	Product Information. Ofev (nintedanib). Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT.
24	Product Information. Rexulti (brexpiprazole). Otsuka American Pharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD.
25	Product Information. Polivy (polatuzumab vedotin). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
26	Product Information. Ingrezza (valbenazine). Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, CA.
27	Canadian Pharmacists Association.
28	Product Information. Aliqopa (copanlisib). Bayer Pharmaceutical Inc, West Haven, CT.
29	Product Information. Tazverik (tazemetostat). Epizyme, Inc, Cambridge, MA.
30	Product Information. Vosevi (sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
31	Product Information. Xerava (eravacycline). Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Watertown, MA.
32	Product Information. Orladeyo (berotralstat). BioCryst Pharmaceuticals Inc, Durham, NC.
33	Product Information. Hetlioz (tasimelteon). Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD.
34	Product Information. Alunbrig (brigatinib). Ariad Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
35	Product Information. Zepzelca (lurbinectedin). Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA.
36	Product Information. Lorbrena (lorlatinib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
37	Product Information. Tagrisso (osimertinib). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
38	Product Information. Gavreto (pralsetinib). Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
39	Product Information. Tabrecta (capmatinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
40	Product Information. Venclexta (venetoclax). AbbVie US LLC, North Chicago, IL.
41	Product Information. Copiktra (duvelisib). Verastem, Inc., Needham, MA.
42	Product Information. Braftovi (encorafenib). Array BioPharma Inc., Boulder, CO.
43	Product Information. Ubrelvy (ubrogepant). Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA.
44	Product Information. Nurtec ODT (rimegepant). Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, CT.
45	EMA. European Medicines Agency. European Union "EMA - List of medicines under additional monitoring.".
46	Product Information. Nourianz (istradefylline). Kyowa Kirin, Inc, Bedminster, NJ.
47	Product Information. Xeglyze (abametapir topical). Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
48	Product Information. Xenleta (lefamulin). Nabriva Therapeutics US, Inc., King of Prussia, PA.
49	Product Information. Orgovyx (relugolix). Myovant Sciences, Inc., Brisbane, CA.
50	Product Information. Nubeqa (darolutamide). Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Whippany, NJ.
51	Product Information. Rinvoq (upadacitinib). AbbVie US LLC, North Chicago, IL.
52	Product Information. Oxbryta (voxelotor). Global Blood Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA.
53	Product Information. Odomzo (sonidegib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
54	Product Information. Orilissa (elagolix). AbbVie US LLC, North Chicago, IL.
55	Arrington-Sanders R, Hutton N, Siberry GK "Ritonavir-fluticasone interaction causing Cushing syndrome in HIV-infected children and adolescents." Pediatr Infect Dis J 25 (2006): 1044-1048. [PMID: 17072128]
56	Product Information. Bevyxxa (betrixaban). Portola Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA.