General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC2M10U)

Drug Combination Name
Morphine Midazolam
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Inflammatory Disorder of Immune System Phase 4 [1]
Component Drugs Morphine   DMRMS0L Midazolam   DMXOELT
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Morphine
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [2]
Chronic pain MG30 Approved [3]
Pain MG30-MG3Z Approved [2]
Diarrhea ME05.1 Investigative [2]
Morphine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Opioid receptor mu (MOP) TTKWM86 OPRM_HUMAN Modulator [10]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Morphine Interacts with 2 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [11]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (ABCC3) DTQ3ZHF MRP3_HUMAN Substrate [12]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Morphine Interacts with 6 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [13]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) DEYGVN4 UD11_HUMAN Metabolism [14]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) DECB0K3 CP2D6_HUMAN Metabolism [15]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) DES5XRU CP2C8_HUMAN Metabolism [16]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) DEB3CV1 UD2B7_HUMAN Metabolism [17]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A3 (UGT1A3) DEF2WXN UD13_HUMAN Metabolism [18]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 6 DME(s)
Morphine Interacts with 22 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Increases Response [19]
Mu-type opioid receptor (OPRM1) OT16AAT8 OPRM_HUMAN Increases Response [19]
Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BCL2L11) OTNQQWFJ B2L11_HUMAN Increases Expression [20]
LIM homeobox transcription factor 1-beta (LMX1B) OTM8145D LMX1B_HUMAN Increases Expression [21]
Krueppel-like factor 7 (KLF7) OTS3YVA0 KLF7_HUMAN Increases Expression [22]
Protein c-Fos (FOS) OTJBUVWS FOS_HUMAN Increases Expression [23]
C-reactive protein (CRP) OT0RFT8F CRP_HUMAN Increases Expression [24]
Superoxide dismutase , mitochondrial (SOD2) OTIWXGZ9 SODM_HUMAN Increases Expression [25]
C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5) OTSCA5CK CCL5_HUMAN Decreases Expression [26]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) OTCYKGKO MK03_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [27]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) OTH85PI5 MK01_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [27]
Kappa-type opioid receptor (OPRK1) OTXCZF4L OPRK_HUMAN Increases Activity [28]
C-C motif chemokine 8 (CCL8) OTCTWYN8 CCL8_HUMAN Increases Secretion [25]
Cytochrome c (CYCS) OTBFALJD CYC_HUMAN Increases Secretion [20]
Transcription factor p65 (RELA) OTUJP9CN TF65_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [23]
Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK1) OTDP6ILW BAK_HUMAN Increases Expression [29]
DNA damage-binding protein 2 (DDB2) OTO8HVVB DDB2_HUMAN Increases Expression [21]
Ninjurin-1 (NINJ1) OTLRZ1EU NINJ1_HUMAN Increases Expression [21]
Bcl-2-binding component 3, isoforms 3/4 (BBC3) OTUAXDAY BBC3B_HUMAN Increases Expression [21]
Cocaine esterase (CES2) OTC647SQ EST2_HUMAN Increases Chemical Synthesis [30]
Transcription factor Jun (JUN) OTCYBO6X JUN_HUMAN Increases ADR [31]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8) OTEREYS5 MK08_HUMAN Increases ADR [31]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 22 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Midazolam
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Agitation 6A70.3 Approved [4]
Anxiety N.A. Approved [4]
Irritability MB24 Approved [5]
Pain MG30-MG3Z Approved [4]
Traumatic brain injury NA07.Z Approved [4]
Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Phase 3 [6]
Midazolam Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Translocator protein (TSPO) TTPTXIN TSPO_HUMAN Modulator [32]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Midazolam Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [33]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Midazolam Interacts with 5 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [34]
Cytochrome P450 4B1 (CYP4B1) DEMF740 CP4B1_HUMAN Metabolism [35]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) DEIBDNY CP3A5_HUMAN Metabolism [36]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7) DERD86B CP3A7_HUMAN Metabolism [35]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) DEPKLMQ CP2B6_HUMAN Metabolism [37]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Midazolam Interacts with 4 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Increases Expression [38]
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 (NR1I2) OTC5U0N5 NR1I2_HUMAN Increases Activity [39]
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11) OTRU7THO ABCBB_HUMAN Decreases Activity [40]
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 (GABRA6) OTX4UC3O GBRA6_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [41]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

References

1 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02135055) Effect of Midazolam on Inflammatory Response and Organ Function in Mechanically Ventilated Sepsis Patients With Different Immune Status
2 Morphine FDA Label
3 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
4 Midazolam FDA Label
5 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 3342).
6 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
7 Genetic polymorphism of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) at amino acid 268: ethnic diversity of alleles and potential clinical significance. Pharmacogenetics. 2000 Nov;10(8):679-85. doi: 10.1097/00008571-200011000-00002.
8 Isoform selectivity and kinetics of morphine 3- and 6-glucuronidation by human udp-glucuronosyltransferases: evidence for atypical glucuronidation kinetics by UGT2B7. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Sep;31(9):1086-9. doi: 10.1124/dmd.31.9.1086.
9 Inhibition of NF-B by opioids in T cells. J Immunol. 2013 Nov 1;191(9):4640-7. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300320. Epub 2013 Sep 25.
10 Antianalgesia: stereoselective action of dextro-morphine over levo-morphine on glia in the mouse spinal cord.J Pharmacol Exp Ther.2005 Sep;314(3):1101-8.
11 Genetic variability and clinical efficacy of morphine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2005 Aug;49(7):902-8.
12 Multidrug resistance-associated proteins 3, 4, and 5. Pflugers Arch. 2007 Feb;453(5):661-73.
13 Modulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 function by cytochrome P450s in vitro: differential effects of CYP1A2, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Oct;28(10):2026-7.
14 Contribution of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 and 1A8 to morphine-6-glucuronidation and its kinetic properties. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Apr;36(4):688-94.
15 Activation of G-proteins by morphine and codeine congeners: insights to the relevance of O- and N-demethylated metabolites at mu- and delta-opioid receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Feb;308(2):547-54.
16 In vitro metabolism study of buprenorphine: evidence for new metabolic pathways. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 May;33(5):689-95.
17 Molecular cloning of the baboon UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B gene family and their activity in conjugating morphine. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Apr;38(4):545-53.
18 Glucuronidation of amines and other xenobiotics catalyzed by expressed human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A3. Drug Metab Dispos. 1998 Jun;26(6):507-12.
19 Association of ABCB1/MDR1 and OPRM1 gene polymorphisms with morphine pain relief. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Apr;83(4):559-66.
20 Chronic high-dose morphine treatment promotes SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis via c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated activation of mitochondria-dependent pathway. FEBS J. 2009 Apr;276(7):2022-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06938.x.
21 Morphine induces DNA damage and P53 activation in CD3+ T cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Aug;1790(8):793-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.04.011. Epub 2009 May 3.
22 Identification of opioid-regulated genes in human lymphocytic cells by differential display: upregulation of Krppel-like factor 7 by morphine. Exp Cell Res. 2003 Dec 10;291(2):340-51. doi: 10.1016/s0014-4827(03)00408-7.
23 Mechanisms of the inhibition of nuclear factor-B by morphine in neuronal cells. Mol Pharmacol. 2012 Apr;81(4):587-97. doi: 10.1124/mol.111.076620. Epub 2012 Jan 18.
24 Effect of opium addiction on new and traditional cardiovascular risk factors: do duration of addiction and route of administration matter?. Lipids Health Dis. 2008 Nov 3;7:42. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-7-42.
25 Morphine treatment of human monocyte-derived macrophages induces differential miRNA and protein expression: impact on inflammation and oxidative stress in the central nervous system. J Cell Biochem. 2010 Jul 1;110(4):834-45. doi: 10.1002/jcb.22592.
26 Morphine inhibits human microglial cell production of, and migration towards, RANTES. J Psychopharmacol. 2000;14(3):238-43. doi: 10.1177/026988110001400307.
27 opioid receptor agonist-selective regulation of interleukin-4 in T lymphocytes. J Neuroimmunol. 2013 Oct 15;263(1-2):35-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.07.012. Epub 2013 Jul 25.
28 In vivo and in vitro evaluation of novel -opioid receptor agonist compounds. Eur J Pharmacol. 2015 Nov 15;767:193-200. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.10.025. Epub 2015 Oct 20.
29 Morphine induces apoptosis of human endothelial cells through nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species pathways. Toxicology. 2009 Feb 4;256(1-2):83-91. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.11.015. Epub 2008 Nov 25.
30 Metabolism of cocaine and heroin is catalyzed by the same human liver carboxylesterases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Nov;279(2):713-7.
31 ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
32 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
33 A novel screening strategy to identify ABCB1 substrates and inhibitors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2009 Jan;379(1):11-26.
34 Selection of alternative CYP3A4 probe substrates for clinical drug interaction studies using in vitro data and in vivo simulation. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Jun;38(6):981-7.
35 Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
36 In vitro metabolism of midazolam, triazolam, nifedipine, and testosterone by human liver microsomes and recombinant cytochromes p450: role of cyp3a4 and cyp3a5. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Jul;31(7):938-44.
37 Further characterization of the expression in liver and catalytic activity of CYP2B6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Sep;286(3):1253-9.
38 Modulators and substrates of P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P4503A coordinately up-regulate these proteins in human colon carcinoma cells. Mol Pharmacol. 1996 Feb;49(2):311-8.
39 Benzodiazepines medazepam and midazolam are activators of pregnane X receptor and weak inducers of CYP3A4: investigation in primary cultures of human hepatocytes and hepatocarcinoma cell lines. Toxicol Lett. 2010 Mar 15;193(2):183-8.
40 Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Dec; 118(2):485-500.
41 GABA alpha6 receptors mediate midazolam-induced anxiolysis. J Clin Anesth. 2002 May;14(3):206-9. doi: 10.1016/s0952-8180(02)00343-4.