General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCNLSFT)

Drug Combination Name
Epinephrine Lidocaine
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Surgery Phase 4 [1]
Component Drugs Epinephrine   DM3KJBC Lidocaine   DML4ZOT
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Epinephrine
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Acute asthma CA23 Approved [2]
Allergy 4A80-4A85 Approved [3]
Anaphylaxis N.A. Approved [2]
Bronchiectasis CA24 Approved [2]
Bronchitis CA20 Approved [2]
Periodontitis DA0C Approved [2]
Pulmonary emphysema CA21.Z Approved [2]
Severe asthma CA23 Approved [2]
Asthma CA23 Investigative [2]
Epinephrine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Adrenergic receptor beta-1 (ADRB1) TTR6W5O ADRB1_HUMAN Agonist [7]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Epinephrine Interacts with 2 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Organic cation transporter 3 (SLC22A3) DT6201N S22A3_HUMAN Substrate [8]
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1) DTT79CX S22A1_HUMAN Substrate [9]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Epinephrine Interacts with 5 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) DEYGVN4 UD11_HUMAN Metabolism [10]
Sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) DEYWLRK ST1A1_HUMAN Metabolism [11]
Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) DEFQ8VO TPMT_HUMAN Metabolism [12]
Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) DEV3T4A COMT_HUMAN Metabolism [13]
Monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) DERE4TU AOFA_HUMAN Metabolism [14]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Epinephrine Interacts with 33 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) OTPWKTQG COMT_HUMAN Increases Methylation [15]
Solute carrier family 22 member 3 (SLC22A3) OTQYGVXX S22A3_HUMAN Increases Uptake [16]
Superoxide dismutase (SOD1) OT39TA1L SODC_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Superoxide dismutase , mitochondrial (SOD2) OTIWXGZ9 SODM_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) OTJRMUAG CAH2_HUMAN Increases Expression [18]
Integrin alpha-V (ITGAV) OTAM7JTR ITAV_HUMAN Increases Expression [18]
Cathepsin K (CTSK) OTT3YX5O CATK_HUMAN Increases Expression [18]
Renin (REN) OT52GZR2 RENI_HUMAN Increases Activity [19]
Insulin (INS) OTZ85PDU INS_HUMAN Decreases Expression [20]
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) OTSDOX4Q ADRB2_HUMAN Increases Activity [21]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1) OT310QSG PARP1_HUMAN Decreases Cleavage [22]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2) OT9DVHC0 BCL2_HUMAN Increases Expression [22]
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) OTHZ1RIA PCNA_HUMAN Increases Expression [22]
Pyruvate kinase PKM (PKM) OTLHHMC2 KPYM_HUMAN Increases Expression [22]
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor (ADRA1D) OTW2CD1O ADA1D_HUMAN Increases Activity [23]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS) OTP9XG86 TNR6_HUMAN Increases Expression [24]
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor (ADRA1A) OTUIWCL5 ADA1A_HUMAN Increases Activity [23]
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor (ADRA1B) OTSAYAFD ADA1B_HUMAN Increases Activity [23]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Increases Activity [24]
Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 (FASLG) OTZARCHH TNFL6_HUMAN Increases Expression [24]
Hexokinase-2 (HK2) OTC0GCQO HXK2_HUMAN Increases Expression [22]
Ephrin type-A receptor 4 (EPHA4) OT3AMK0C EPHA4_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [25]
Hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE) OTMMVJ8A LIPS_HUMAN Increases Activity [26]
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) OTADSC03 HIF1A_HUMAN Increases Expression [22]
P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2RX7) OTNJ9XPL P2RX7_HUMAN Decreases Activity [27]
Leptin (LEP) OT5Q7ODW LEP_HUMAN Increases ADR [28]
Catalase (CAT) OTHEBX9R CATA_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [29]
Sulfotransferase 1A3 (SULT1A4) OTHJ8WWV ST1A3_HUMAN Increases Sulfation [30]
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial (GSR) OTM2TUYM GSHR_HUMAN Increases ADR [28]
Neuron-specific vesicular protein calcyon (CALY) OTQ7EMPU CALY_HUMAN Decreases Secretion [31]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) OTS7T5VH IL8_HUMAN Increases ADR [28]
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4 (SLC29A4) OTWTZXMX S29A4_HUMAN Increases Uptake [16]
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) OTZFGOTP ADA2A_HUMAN Increases ADR [28]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 33 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Lidocaine
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [4]
Carpal tunnel syndrome N.A. Approved [5]
Interstitial cystitis GC00.3 Approved [5]
Long QT syndrome BC65.0 Approved [5]
Pain MG30-MG3Z Approved [5]
Pediculus capitis infestation 1G00.0 Approved [5]
Periodontitis DA0C Approved [5]
Postherpetic neuralgia 1E91.5 Approved [5]
Pthirus pubis infestation N.A. Approved [5]
Dysmenorrhea GA34.3 Phase 2 [6]
Chronic pain MG30 Investigative [5]
Neuralgia N.A. Investigative [5]
Premature ejaculation HA03.0Z Investigative [5]
Pruritus EC90 Investigative [5]
Lidocaine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Voltage-gated sodium channel alpha Nav1.9 (SCN11A) TTN9VTF SCNBA_HUMAN Blocker [33]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lidocaine Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [34]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lidocaine Interacts with 10 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [35]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) DEJGDUW CP1A2_HUMAN Metabolism [36]
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) DEJVYAZ CP2A6_HUMAN Metabolism [37]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) DECB0K3 CP2D6_HUMAN Metabolism [38]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) DEIBDNY CP3A5_HUMAN Metabolism [39]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7) DERD86B CP3A7_HUMAN Metabolism [39]
Cytochrome P450 2C18 (CYP2C18) DEZMWRE CP2CI_HUMAN Metabolism [37]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) DES5XRU CP2C8_HUMAN Metabolism [37]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) DE5IED8 CP2C9_HUMAN Metabolism [37]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) DEPKLMQ CP2B6_HUMAN Metabolism [40]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 DME(s)
Lidocaine Interacts with 23 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) OTQGYY83 CP3A4_HUMAN Decreases Ethylation [41]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) OTSXFBXB CP3A5_HUMAN Decreases Methylation [42]
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (ORM1) OTZKSBRE A1AG1_HUMAN Affects Binding [43]
C-reactive protein (CRP) OT0RFT8F CRP_HUMAN Increases ADR [28]
Glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme (GGT1) OTYDA1Z7 GGT1_HUMAN Increases ADR [28]
Alkaline phosphatase, placental type (ALPP) OTZU4G9W PPB1_HUMAN Increases ADR [28]
Estrogen receptor (ESR1) OTKLU61J ESR1_HUMAN Increases Expression [44]
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 (NR1I2) OTC5U0N5 NR1I2_HUMAN Increases Activity [45]
Kininogen-1 (KNG1) OT4X9LDE KNG1_HUMAN Decreases Activity [46]
Beta-nerve growth factor (NGF) OTOLABJT NGF_HUMAN Decreases Expression [32]
Interleukin-6 (IL6) OTUOSCCU IL6_HUMAN Decreases Expression [47]
Neurofilament medium polypeptide (NEFM) OT8VCBNF NFM_HUMAN Decreases Expression [32]
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2 (ORM2) OTRJGZP8 A1AG2_HUMAN Affects Binding [43]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [48]
Caspase-9 (CASP9) OTD4RFFG CASP9_HUMAN Decreases Expression [48]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2) OTZX881H KCNH2_HUMAN Decreases Activity [49]
Neuronatin (NNAT) OTNRLO7G NNAT_HUMAN Decreases Expression [32]
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) OTHHDR03 TRPV1_HUMAN Increases Activity [50]
Sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) OT0K7JIE ST1A1_HUMAN Increases Sulfation [51]
Histamine H1 receptor (HRH1) OT8F9FV6 HRH1_HUMAN Affects Binding [52]
Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP (HSPA5) OTFUIRAO BIP_HUMAN Increases ADR [28]
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha (SCN5A) OTGYZWR6 SCN5A_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [53]
Sulfotransferase 1B1 (SULT1B1) OTH0RQYA ST1B1_HUMAN Increases Sulfation [51]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 23 DOT(s)

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication DrugCom ID Cell Line Status REF
Irreversible Pulpitis DCC0ZTM N. A. Phase 3 [54]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

References

1 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01964586) Comparison of Preincisional Infiltrated Dexmedetomidine and Lidocaine Plus Adrenaline for Nasal Sephoplasty Surgery.
2 Epinephrine FDA Label
3 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 509).
4 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 2623).
5 Lidocaine FDA Label
6 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00651313) Efficacy and Safety Study of Lidocaine Vaginal Gel for Recurrent Dysmenorrhea (Painful Periods). U.S. National Institutes of Health.
7 Adrenergic activation of electrogenic K+ secretion in guinea pig distal colonic epithelium: involvement of beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Aug;297(2):G269-77.
8 Differential pharmacological in vitro properties of organic cation transporters and regional distribution in rat brain. Neuropharmacology. 2006 Jun;50(8):941-52.
9 Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
10 Steroid glucuronides: human circulatory levels and formation by LNCaP cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1991;40(4-6):593-8.
11 Crystal structure of human sulfotransferase SULT1A3 in complex with dopamine and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Sep 23;335(2):417-23.
12 Adrenal catecholamines and their metabolism in the vitamin A deficient rat. Ann Nutr Metab. 1983;27(3):220-7.
13 Different metabolism of norepinephrine and epinephrine by catechol-O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1994 Mar;268(3):1242-51.
14 Role of monoamine-oxidase-A-gene variation in the development of glioblastoma in males: a case control study. J Neurooncol. 2019 Nov;145(2):287-294.
15 Molecular mechanisms controlling the rate and specificity of catechol O-methylation by human soluble catechol O-methyltransferase. Mol Pharmacol. 2001 Feb;59(2):393-402. doi: 10.1124/mol.59.2.393.
16 Selective transport of monoamine neurotransmitters by human plasma membrane monoamine transporter and organic cation transporter 3. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2010 Dec;335(3):743-53. doi: 10.1124/jpet.110.170142. Epub 2010 Sep 21.
17 Epinephrine upregulates superoxide dismutase in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 2001 Jan 15;30(2):148-53.
18 Effects of beta-adrenergic agonists on bone-resorbing activity in human osteoclast-like cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 May 12;1640(2-3):137-42.
19 Hypokalemia from beta2-receptor stimulation by circulating epinephrine. N Engl J Med. 1983 Dec 8;309(23):1414-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198312083092303.
20 A receptor mechanism for the inhibition of insulin release by epinephrine in man. J Clin Invest. 1967 Jan;46(1):86-94. doi: 10.1172/JCI105514.
21 Myocardial ischaemia and ventricular arrhthymias precipitated by physiological concentrations of adrenaline in patients with coronary artery disease. Br Heart J. 1992 May;67(5):419-20. doi: 10.1136/hrt.67.5.419-b.
22 Epinephrine facilitates the growth of T cell lymphoma by altering cell proliferation, apoptosis, and glucose metabolism. Chem Biol Interact. 2023 Jan 5;369:110278. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110278. Epub 2022 Nov 22.
23 Carvedilol selectively inhibits oscillatory intracellular calcium changes evoked by human alpha1D- and alpha1B-adrenergic receptors. Cardiovasc Res. 2004 Sep 1;63(4):662-72. doi: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.05.014.
24 Carvedilol prevents epinephrine-induced apoptosis in human coronary artery endothelial cells: modulation of Fas/Fas ligand and caspase-3 pathway. Cardiovasc Res. 2000 Feb;45(3):788-94. doi: 10.1016/s0008-6363(99)00369-7.
25 The platelet P2Y12 receptor contributes to granule secretion through Ephrin A4 receptor. Platelets. 2012;23(8):617-25. doi: 10.3109/09537104.2011.645924. Epub 2012 Jan 24.
26 Hormone-sensitive lipase in human adipose tissue, isolated adipocytes, and cultured adipocytes. Pediatr Res. 1982 Dec;16(12):982-8. doi: 10.1203/00006450-198212000-00002.
27 Epidermal growth factor facilitates epinephrine inhibition of P2X7-receptor-mediated pore formation and apoptosis: a novel signaling network. Endocrinology. 2005 Jan;146(1):164-74. doi: 10.1210/en.2004-1026. Epub 2004 Sep 30.
28 ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
29 Evaluation of cytogenetic and DNA damage in human lymphocytes treated with adrenaline in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Feb;29(1):27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.08.001. Epub 2014 Aug 27.
30 Enzymatic characterization and interspecies difference of phenol sulfotransferases, ST1A forms. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Mar;29(3):274-81.
31 Increased arterial pressure in mice with overexpression of the ADHD candidate gene calcyon in forebrain. PLoS One. 2019 Feb 12;14(2):e0211903. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211903. eCollection 2019.
32 Lidocaine prevents breast cancer growth by targeting neuronatin to inhibit nerve fibers formation. J Toxicol Sci. 2021;46(7):329-339. doi: 10.2131/jts.46.329.
33 Mechanisms of analgesia of intravenous lidocaine. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2008 May-Jun;58(3):280-6.
34 Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jan 1;370(1):153-64.
35 Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine hydrochloride metabolized by CYP3A4 in Chinese Han volunteers living at low altitude and in native Han and Tibetan Chinese volunteers living at high altitude. Pharmacology. 2016;97(3-4):107-13.
36 Synthetic and natural compounds that interact with human cytochrome P450 1A2 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(31):4066-218.
37 Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
38 Involvement of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in lidocaine N-deethylation and 3-hydroxylation in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Aug;28(8):959-65.
39 Drug Interactions Flockhart Table
40 Insights into CYP2B6-mediated drug-drug interactions. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2016 Sep;6(5):413-425.
41 The effect of mild and moderate hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of valdecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Jun;61(4):247-56.
42 Evidence of significant contribution from CYP3A5 to hepatic drug metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Dec;32(12):1434-45. doi: 10.1124/dmd.104.001313. Epub 2004 Sep 21.
43 Binding of disopyramide, methadone, dipyridamole, chlorpromazine, lignocaine and progesterone to the two main genetic variants of human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein: evidence for drug-binding differences between the variants and for the presence of two separate drug-binding sites on alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. Pharmacogenetics. 1996 Oct;6(5):403-15. doi: 10.1097/00008571-199610000-00004.
44 Sensitivity of human dental pulp cells to eighteen chemical agents used for endodontic treatments in dentistry. Odontology. 2013 Jan;101(1):43-51.
45 Screening of a chemical library reveals novel PXR-activating pharmacologic compounds. Toxicol Lett. 2015 Jan 5;232(1):193-202. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.009. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
46 Effects of capsaicin, bradykinin and prostaglandin E2 in the human skin. Br J Dermatol. 1992 Feb;126(2):111-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb07806.x.
47 [Influence of lidocaine on systemic inflammation in perioperative patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2005 Dec 18;37(6):622-4.
48 Apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in human chondrocytes following exposure to lidocaine, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010 Mar;92(3):609-18. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.H.01847.
49 Refining the human iPSC-cardiomyocyte arrhythmic risk assessment model. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):581-94. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft205. Epub 2013 Sep 19.
50 The vanilloid receptor TRPV1 is activated and sensitized by local anesthetics in rodent sensory neurons. J Clin Invest. 2008 Feb;118(2):763-76. doi: 10.1172/JCI32751.
51 Studies on sulfation of synthesized metabolites from the local anesthetics ropivacaine and lidocaine using human cloned sulfotransferases. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Sep;27(9):1057-63.
52 H(1)R mediates local anesthetic-induced vascular permeability in angioedema. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2020 Apr 1;392:114921. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114921. Epub 2020 Feb 12.
53 Lidocaine-induced Brugada syndrome phenotype linked to a novel double mutation in the cardiac sodium channel. Circ Res. 2008 Aug 15;103(4):396-404. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.172619. Epub 2008 Jul 3.
54 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02807298) 4% Articaine and 2% Lidocaine by Intraligamentary Technique in Irreversible Pulpitis