Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCQ2AER)

• Drug Combination Name: Crizotinib + Taxol
• Indication: Malignant melanoma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Crizotinib (DM4F29C): Small molecular drug
  Taxol (DMUOT9V): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: LOX IMVI
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 12
  Bliss Independence Score: 11.47
  Loewe Additivity Score: 13.28
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 14.85

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Crizotinib

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Non-small-cell lung cancer	2C25.Y	Approved	[2]

Crizotinib Interacts with 4 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Proto-oncogene c-Met (MET)	TTNDSF4	MET_HUMAN	Modulator	[4]
ALK tyrosine kinase receptor (ALK)	TTPMQSO	ALK_HUMAN	Modulator	[4]
Proto-oncogene c-Ros (ROS1)	TTSZ6Y3	ROS1_HUMAN	Modulator	[4]
HGF/Met signaling pathway (HGF/Met pathway)	TTKA5LP	NOUNIPROTAC	Inhibitor	[10]

Crizotinib Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1)	DT3D8F0	SO1B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (SLCO1B3)	DT9C1TS	SO1B3_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]

Crizotinib Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[13]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Metabolism	[13]

Crizotinib Interacts with 45 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1)	OTEJROBO	MDR1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[15]
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET)	OT7K55MU	MET_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[8]
ALK tyrosine kinase receptor (ALK)	OTV3P4V8	ALK_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[16]
Prominin-1 (PROM1)	OTBHV8NX	PROM1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
CD44 antigen (CD44)	OT9TTJ41	CD44_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM)	OTHBZK5X	EPCAM_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Cytidine deaminase (CDA)	OT3HXP6N	CDD_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Insulin-induced gene 1 protein (INSIG1)	OTZF5X1D	INSI1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
Acyl-CoA 6-desaturase (FADS2)	OTUX531P	FADS2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR)	OTRT3F3U	HMDH_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[17]
Fatty acid synthase (FASN)	OTFII9KG	FAS_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
Caspase-7 (CASP7)	OTAPJ040	CASP7_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[17]
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, cytoplasmic (HMGCS1)	OTCO26FV	HMCS1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBF2)	OTBXUNPL	SRBP2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)	OTZX881H	KCNH2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[17]
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA)	OT5CQPZY	ACACA_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[17]
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C (CACNA1C)	OT6KFNMS	CAC1C_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[17]
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha (SCN5A)	OTGYZWR6	SCN5A_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[17]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5)	OTILXZYL	BIRC5_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BCL2L11)	OTNQQWFJ	B2L11_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[8]
Follitropin subunit beta (FSHB)	OTGLS283	FSHB_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[18]
Lutropin subunit beta (LHB)	OT5GBOVJ	LSHB_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[18]
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck (LCK)	OT883FG9	LCK_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[19]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)	OT310QSG	PARP1_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[20]
Tissue factor (F3)	OT3MSU3B	TF_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[21]
Histone H2AX (H2AX)	OT18UX57	H2AX_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[20]
Alanine aminotransferase 1 (GPT)	OTOXOA0Q	ALAT1_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[22]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[23]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[23]
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1)	OT8H2YY7	AKT1_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[24]
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)	OTAAGKYZ	STAT3_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[25]
Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1 (IQGAP1)	OTZRWTGA	IQGA1_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[26]
Small ribosomal subunit protein eS6 (RPS6)	OTT4D1LN	RS6_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[25]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC2)	OTFXFREP	BIRC2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Caspase-8 (CASP8)	OTA8TVI8	CASP8_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[27]
Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)	OTJC45TA	EMAL4_HUMAN	Increases Mutagenesis	[23]
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (ABCG2)	OTW8V2V1	ABCG2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[15]
GTPase KRas (KRAS)	OT78QCN8	RASK_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[28]
Pro-epidermal growth factor (EGF)	OTANRJ0L	EGF_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[24]
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)	OTAPLO1S	EGFR_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[28]
Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit (KIT)	OTHUY3VZ	KIT_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[16]
Proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF)	OTLU00JS	HBEGF_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[24]
Protransforming growth factor alpha (TGFA)	OTPD1LL9	TGFA_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[24]

Indication(s) of Taxol

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[3]
Solid tumour/cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[4]
Pancreatic cancer	2C10	Phase 3	[5]
Gastric adenocarcinoma	2B72	Phase 2	[6]
Ovarian cancer	2C73	Phase 2	[6]

Taxol Interacts with 2 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL-2)	TTJGNVC	BCL2_HUMAN	Modulator	[3]
Tubulin beta (TUBB)	TTYFKSZ	NOUNIPROTAC	Modulator	[3]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Adenocarcinoma	DCI36BQ	HT29	Investigative	[1]
Adenocarcinoma	DC4MCSE	HCT-15	Investigative	[1]
Adult acute myeloid leukemia	DC7B59L	HL-60(TB)	Investigative	[1]
Adult T acute lymphoblastic leukemia	DC7Y8TD	MOLT-4	Investigative	[1]
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma	DCRBMUZ	SR	Investigative	[1]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	DCBTU2H	TK-10	Investigative	[1]
Lung adenocarcinoma	DC1XZQ3	MDA-MB-231	Investigative	[1]
Malignant melanoma	DCSEUSO	UACC62	Investigative	[1]
Mixed endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma	DCT6P38	IGROV1	Investigative	[1]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4903).
• [3] Paclitaxel directly binds to Bcl-2 and functionally mimics activity of Nur77. Cancer Res. 2009 Sep 1;69(17):6906-14.
• [4] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [5] Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
• [6] Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
• [7] Enhancement of the antiproliferative activity of gemcitabine by modulation of c-Met pathway in pancreatic cancer. Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19(5):940-50.
• [8] Antitumor action of the MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib (PF-02341066) in gastric cancer positive for MET amplification. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012 Jul;11(7):1557-64. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0934. Epub 2012 Jun 22.
• [9] Aberrant expression of the transcriptional factor Twist1 promotes invasiveness in ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Cell Signal. 2012 Apr;24(4):852-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.11.020. Epub 2011 Dec 8.
• [10] Met tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PF-2341066, suppresses growth and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015 Aug 26;9:4897-907.
• [11] Increased oral availability and brain accumulation of the ALK inhibitor crizotinib by coadministration of the P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) inhibitor elacridar. Int J Cancer. 2014 Mar 15;134(6):1484-94.
• [12] Contribution of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 to the disposition of sorafenib and sorafenib-glucuronide. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Mar 15;19(6):1458-66.
• [13] Crizotinib for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2013 Jun 1;70(11):943-7.
• [14] Prediction of crizotinib-midazolam interaction using the Simcyp population-based simulator: comparison of CYP3A time-dependent inhibition between human liver microsomes versus hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Feb;41(2):343-52.
• [15] Editor's Highlight: PlacentalDisposition and Effects of Crizotinib: An Ex Vivo Study in the Isolated Dual-Side Perfused Human Cotyledon. Toxicol Sci. 2017 Jun 1;157(2):500-509. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx063.
• [16] Mechanisms of acquired crizotinib resistance in ALK-rearranged lung Cancers. Sci Transl Med. 2012 Feb 8;4(120):120ra17. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003316. Epub 2012 Jan 25.
• [17] Multi-parameter in vitro toxicity testing of crizotinib, sunitinib, erlotinib, and nilotinib in human cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 Oct 1;272(1):245-55.
• [18] Rapid-onset hypogonadism secondary to crizotinib use in men with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer. 2012 Nov 1;118(21):5302-9. doi: 10.1002/cncr.27450. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
• [19] Structure based drug design of crizotinib (PF-02341066), a potent and selective dual inhibitor of mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET) kinase and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). J Med Chem. 2011 Sep 22;54(18):6342-63. doi: 10.1021/jm2007613. Epub 2011 Aug 18.
• [20] ROS-dependent DNA damage contributes to crizotinib-induced hepatotoxicity via the apoptotic pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019 Nov 15;383:114768. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114768. Epub 2019 Oct 19.
• [21] Elucidating mechanisms of toxicity using phenotypic data from primary human cell systems--a chemical biology approach for thrombosis-related side effects. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Jan 5;16(1):1008-29. doi: 10.3390/ijms16011008.
• [22] Cytotoxicity of 34 FDA approved small-molecule kinase inhibitors in primary rat and human hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Jul;291:138-148. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.010. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
• [23] Therapeutic strategies to overcome crizotinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancers harboring the fusion oncogene EML4-ALK. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 May 3;108(18):7535-40. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1019559108. Epub 2011 Apr 18.
• [24] Paracrine receptor activation by microenvironment triggers bypass survival signals and ALK inhibitor resistance in EML4-ALK lung cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Jul 1;18(13):3592-602. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2972. Epub 2012 May 2.
• [25] Crizotinib-resistant mutants of EML4-ALK identified through an accelerated mutagenesis screen. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2011 Dec;78(6):999-1005. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01239.x. Epub 2011 Oct 31.
• [26] Tyrosine phosphorylation of the scaffold protein IQGAP1 in the MET pathway alters function. J Biol Chem. 2020 Dec 25;295(52):18105-18121. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA120.015891. Epub 2020 Oct 21.
• [27] Keratinocytes apoptosis contributes to crizotinib induced-erythroderma. Toxicol Lett. 2020 Feb 1;319:102-110. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.007. Epub 2019 Nov 7.
• [28] Mechanisms of resistance to crizotinib in patients with ALK gene rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Mar 1;18(5):1472-82. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2906. Epub 2012 Jan 10.