General Information of Drug (ID: DMFBOQ7)

Drug Name
Xanthine Drug Info
Synonyms
xanthine; 69-89-6; 2,6-Dihydroxypurine; Xanthin; 2,6-dioxopurine; Pseudoxanthine; Isoxanthine; 1H-Purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione; Xanthic oxide; 1H-Purine-2,6-diol; 9H-Purine-2,6-diol; Purine-2,6-diol; 3,7-Dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione; 2,6(1,3)-Purinedion; 1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-; 3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione; USAF CB-17; XAN; Purine-2(3H),6(1H)-dione; 2,6-Dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropurine; 3,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione; 9H-Purine-2,6-(1H,3H)-dione; 1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,9-dihydro-; Purine-2,6-(1H,3H)-dione; 9H-xanthine
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Apnea MD11.0 Phase 1 [1]
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
1188
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:17712
CAS Number
CAS 69-89-6
TTD Drug ID
DMFBOQ7
INTEDE Drug ID
DR1719

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas
Molecule Type:
DTT
DME
DOT
Drug Status:
Approved Drug(s)
Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Discontinued Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Adenosine DMM2NSK Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia BC81.Z Approved [6]
Vidarabine DM0N85H Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma Approved [6]
A295 DM55GO2 Aggressive cancer 2A00-2F9Z IND submitted [7]
Tonapofylline DMBH316 Acute and chronic heart failure BD1Z Phase 2 [8]
YT-146 DM3YVKQ Hypertension BA00-BA04 Phase 2 [9]
AB928 DMDOXMN Metastatic colorectal cancer 2B91 Phase 1/2 [10]
KF-17837 DMQ6DLZ Parkinson disease 8A00.0 Phase 1 [11]
CVT-6883 DMY84TW Asthma CA23 Phase 1 [12]
PBF-1129 DMOPGXM Non-small-cell lung cancer 2C25.Y Phase 1 [10]
PF-1913539 DMXEU14 Alzheimer disease 8A20 Discontinued in Phase 3 [13]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Fluorouracil DMUM7HZ Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [14]
Dinoprostone DMTYOPD Medical abortion JA00.1Z Approved [15]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [16]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [17]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [18]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [19]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [20]
Oxaliplatin DMQNWRD Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [21]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [22]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Chronic renal failure GB61.Z Approved [23]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [24]
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [25]
Ciprofloxacin XR DM2NLS9 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [26]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [27]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [28]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [29]
Cyclophosphamide DM4O2Z7 Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [30]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [31]
Calcitriol DM8ZVJ7 Congenital alopecia LC30 Approved [32]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [33]
Disulfiram DMCL2OK Alcohol dependence 6C40.2 Approved [34]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Adenosine A2b receptor (ADORA2B) TTNE7KG AA2BR_HUMAN Antagonist [2]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) DEJGDUW CP1A2_HUMAN Substrate [3]
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (XDH) DECG04O XDH_HUMAN Substrate [4]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) OTCUWZKB AL1A1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [5]

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4557).
2 Role of adenosine in asthma. Drug Dev Res. 1996;39:333-6.
3 Rapid determination of five probe drugs and their metabolites in human plasma and urine by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: application to cytochrome P450 phenotyping studies. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2004;18(23):2921-33.
4 Molecular characterization and taurine regulation of two novel CDOs (CDO1 and CDO2) from Carassius auratus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2019 Sep;235:54-61.
5 Development of a high-throughput in vitro assay to identify selective inhibitors for human ALDH1A1. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Jun 5;234:29-37.
6 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
7 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Klus Pharma
8 2-Amino-5-benzoyl-4-phenylthiazoles: Development of potent and selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Mar 15;18(6):2195-2203.
9 Identification of adenosine A2 receptor-cAMP system in human aortic endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Mar 15;199(2):905-10.
10 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
11 Photoisomerization of a potent and selective adenosine A2 antagonist, (E)-1,3-Dipropyl-8-(3,4-dimethoxystyryl)-7-methylxanthine. J Med Chem. 1993 Nov 12;36(23):3731-3.
12 GS-6201, a selective blocker of the A2B adenosine receptor, attenuates cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction in the mouse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2012 Dec;343(3):587-95.
13 Differences in the order of potency for agonists but not antagonists at human and rat adenosine A2A receptors. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Jan 1;57(1):65-75.
14 Roles of cytochromes P450 1A2, 2A6, and 2C8 in 5-fluorouracil formation from tegafur, an anticancer prodrug, in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Dec;28(12):1457-63.
15 Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on prostaglandin synthesis and cyclooxygenase-mediated DNA adduct formation by heterocyclic aromatic amines in human adenocarcinoma colon cells. Mol Carcinog. 2004 Jul;40(3):180-8.
16 Endoxifen and other metabolites of tamoxifen inhibit human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2A1 (hSULT2A1). Drug Metab Dispos. 2014 Nov;42(11):1843-50.
17 Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity and risk factors for breast cancer: a cross-sectional study. Breast Cancer Res. 2004;6(4):R352-65.
18 PharmGKB summary: pathways of acetaminophen metabolism at the therapeutic versus toxic doses. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2015 Aug;25(8):416-26.
19 The effect of apigenin on pharmacokinetics of imatinib and its metabolite N-desmethyl imatinib in rats. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:789184.
20 Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2007 Apr;28(3):151-6.
21 The influence of metabolic gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations in Chinese coke oven workers. Sci Total Environ. 2007 Aug 1;381(1-3):38-46.
22 Identification of P450 enzymes involved in metabolism of verapamil in humans. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1993 Sep;348(3):332-7.
23 Metabolism and metabolic inhibition of xanthotoxol in human liver microsomes. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:5416509.
24 Xanthine oxidoreductase in drug metabolism: beyond a role as a detoxifying enzyme. Curr Med Chem. 2016;23(35):4027-4036.
25 Global gene expression analysis reveals differences in cellular responses to hydroxyl- and superoxide anion radical-induced oxidative stress in caco-2 cells. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Apr;114(2):193-203. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp309. Epub 2009 Dec 31.
26 Ciprofloxacin mediates cancer stem cell phenotypes in lung cancer cells through caveolin-1-dependent mechanism. Chem Biol Interact. 2016 Apr 25;250:1-11.
27 Methotrexate modulates folate phenotype and inflammatory profile in EA.hy 926 cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Jun 5;732:60-7.
28 Comparison of phenotypic and transcriptomic effects of false-positive genotoxins, true genotoxins and non-genotoxins using HepG2 cells. Mutagenesis. 2011 Sep;26(5):593-604.
29 RNAi-mediated knockdown of aldehyde dehydrogenase class-1A1 and class-3A1 is specific and reveals that each contributes equally to the resistance against 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2007 Jan;59(1):127-36. doi: 10.1007/s00280-006-0233-6. Epub 2006 Apr 14.
30 Comparative gene expression analysis of a chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line resistant to cyclophosphamide using oligonucleotide arrays and response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Leuk Res. 2007 Nov;31(11):1511-20.
31 A comprehensive analysis of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway-related genes and crosstalk pathways in the treatment of As2O3 in renal cancer. Ren Fail. 2018 Nov;40(1):331-339.
32 Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 and p-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance by curcumin and vitamin D3 increases sensitivity to paclitaxel in breast cancer. Chem Biol Interact. 2020 Jan 5;315:108865. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108865. Epub 2019 Oct 16.
33 Comparison of HepG2 and HepaRG by whole-genome gene expression analysis for the purpose of chemical hazard identification. Toxicol Sci. 2010 May;115(1):66-79.
34 The interaction of disulfiram and H(2)S metabolism in inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and liver cancer cell growth. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2021 Sep 1;426:115642. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115642. Epub 2021 Jul 6.