Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMM2NSK)

• Drug Name: Adenosine
• Synonyms: Adenosine, homopolymer; Adenine 9-beta-D-arabinofuranoside; Adenine-9-beta-D-ribofuranoside; Beta-D-Ribofuranoside, adenine-9; EA6C60C2-6AFB-4264-A2F0-541373DB950E; (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol; (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol; 4-Aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine ribonucleoside; 6-Amino-9-.beta.-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine; 6-Amino-9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine; 6-Amino-9beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine; 9-(beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl)adenine; 9-beta-D-Ribofuranosidoadenine; 9-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine; 9-beta-D-Ribofuranosyladenine; 9beta-D-Ribofuranosyladenine

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia	BC81.Z	Approved	[1]

• Therapeutic Class: Antiarrhythmic Agents
• Affected Organisms: Humans and other mammals
• ATC Code:
  C01EB10: Adenosine
  C01EB: Other cardiac preparations
  C01E: OTHER CARDIAC PREPARATIONS
  C01: CARDIAC THERAPY
  C: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
• Drug Type: Small molecular drug
• #Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0:
  Molecular Weight (mw); 267.24
  Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp); -1.1
  Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds); 2
  Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor); 4
  Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc); 8
• ADMET Property:
  BDDCS Class: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 1: high solubility and high permeability [2]
  Elimination: 0% of drug is excreted from urine in the unchanged form [2]
  Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in less than 10 seconds [3]
  Metabolism: The drug is metabolized via the adenosine kinase to form adenosine monophosphate [4]
  MRTD: The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 7.48374 micromolar/kg/day [5]
  Water Solubility: The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 5 mg/mL [2]

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)

ADR Term	Variation	Related DOT	DOT ID	REF
Apoptosis	Not Available	PTPN12	OT5WA666	[6]
Cytogenetic abnormality	Not Available	LDHA	OTN7K4XB	[6]
Disorders of purine metabolism	Not Available	PNP	OTO5NIJ2	[6]
Pain	Not Available	MAPK11	OT0AS010	[6]

• Chemical Identifiers:
  Formula: C10H13N5O4
  IUPAC Name: (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
  Canonical SMILES: C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)N
  InChI: InChI=1S/C10H13N5O4/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(18)6(17)4(1-16)19-10/h2-4,6-7,10,16-18H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
  InChIKey: OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N
• Cross-matching ID:
  PubChem CID: 60961
  ChEBI ID: CHEBI:16335
  CAS Number: 5536-17-4
  UNII: K72T3FS567
  DrugBank ID: DB00640
  TTD ID: D06IAR
  VARIDT ID: DR00904
  INTEDE ID: DR0046
  ACDINA ID: D00809

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Adenosine A2b receptor (ADORA2B)	TTNE7KG	AA2BR_HUMAN	Modulator	[7]

Drug Transporter (DTP)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (SLC29A1)	DTXD1TQ	S29A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 (ABCC5)	DTYVM24	MRP5_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1)	DEYWLRK	ST1A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]
Adenosine aminohydrolase (ADA)	DEDQHBV	ADA_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Interaction	REF
Adenosine receptor A1 (ADORA1)	OTI7X39E	AA1R_HUMAN	Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes	[12]
Adenosine receptor A2a (ADORA2A)	OTVRBZ0I	AA2AR_HUMAN	Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes	[12]
Adenosine receptor A3 (ADORA3)	OTHO1BLK	AA3R_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[13]
Apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX)	OTAW0V4V	BAX_HUMAN	Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes	[14]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC2)	OTFXFREP	BIRC2_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[15]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3 (BIRC3)	OT3E95KB	BIRC3_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[15]
Bcl-2-like protein 1 (BCL2L1)	OTRC5K9O	B2CL1_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[15]
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)	OT23T37S	BMP2_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[16]
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4)	OTPZMDFH	BMP4_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[16]
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1A (BMPR1A)	OTQOA4ZH	BMR1A_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[16]

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

• The Studied Disease: Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
• ICD Disease Classification: BC81.Z

Molecule Name	Molecule Type	Gene Name	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 (ABCC5)	DTP	MRP5	9.31E-01	3.03E-02	1.15E-01
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (SLC29A1)	DTP	ENT1	7.28E-01	1.90E-01	3.49E-01
Sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1)	DME	SULT1A1	6.22E-02	1.64E-01	5.58E-01
Adenosine aminohydrolase (ADA)	DME	ADA	4.76E-01	-2.60E-02	-7.82E-02

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Adenosine (Comorbidity)

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Comorbidity	REF
Ivosidenib	DM8S6T7	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Ivosidenib.	Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60]	[17]
Midostaurin	DMI6E0R	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Midostaurin.	Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60]	[18]
Idarubicin	DMM0XGL	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Idarubicin.	Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60]	[18]
Daunorubicin	DMQUSBT	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Daunorubicin.	Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60]	[18]
Arn-509	DMT81LZ	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Arn-509.	Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60]	[18]
Gilteritinib	DMTI0ZO	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Gilteritinib.	Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60]	[18]
Oliceridine	DM6MDCF	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Oliceridine.	Acute pain [MG31]	[18]
Bepridil	DM0RKS4	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Bepridil.	Angina pectoris [BA40]	[17]
Dronedarone	DMA8FS5	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Dronedarone.	Angina pectoris [BA40]	[17]
Bedaquiline	DM3906J	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Bedaquiline.	Antimicrobial drug resistance [MG50-MG52]	[17]
Cilostazol	DMZMSCT	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Cilostazol.	Arterial occlusive disease [BD40]	[18]
Posaconazole	DMUL5EW	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Posaconazole.	Aspergillosis [1F20]	[18]
Terbutaline	DMD4381	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Terbutaline.	Asthma [CA23]	[18]
Salbutamol	DMN9CWF	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Salbutamol.	Asthma [CA23]	[19]
Lisdexamfetamine	DM6W8V5	Moderate	Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Adenosine and Lisdexamfetamine.	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [6A05]	[20]
Desipramine	DMT2FDC	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Desipramine.	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [6A05]	[18]
Ofloxacin	DM0VQN3	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Ofloxacin.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[18]
Clarithromycin	DM4M1SG	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Clarithromycin.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[18]
Sparfloxacin	DMB4HCT	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Sparfloxacin.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[17]
Gemifloxacin	DMHT34O	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Gemifloxacin.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[18]
Norfloxacin	DMIZ6W2	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Norfloxacin.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[18]
Levofloxacin	DMS60RB	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Levofloxacin.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[18]
Lomefloxacin	DMVRH9C	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Lomefloxacin.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[18]
Telithromycin	DMZ4P3A	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Telithromycin.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[18]
Retigabine	DMGNYIH	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Retigabine.	Behcet disease [4A62]	[18]
Eribulin	DM1DX4Q	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Eribulin.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[18]
Lapatinib	DM3BH1Y	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Lapatinib.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[18]
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Tamoxifen.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[18]
Bosutinib	DMTI8YE	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Bosutinib.	Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y]	[18]
PF-04449913	DMSB068	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and PF-04449913.	Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia [2A40]	[18]
Halothane	DM80OZ5	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Halothane.	Corneal disease [9A76-9A78]	[18]
Propofol	DMB4OLE	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Propofol.	Corneal disease [9A76-9A78]	[18]
Sevoflurane	DMC9O43	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Sevoflurane.	Corneal disease [9A76-9A78]	[18]
Probucol	DMVZQ2M	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Probucol.	Coronary atherosclerosis [BA80]	[18]
Clofazimine	DMEBOFW	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Clofazimine.	Crohn disease [DD70]	[18]
Mifepristone	DMGZQEF	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Mifepristone.	Cushing syndrome [5A70]	[17]
Pasireotide	DMHM7JS	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Pasireotide.	Cushing syndrome [5A70]	[17]
Osilodrostat	DMIJC9X	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Osilodrostat.	Cushing syndrome [5A70]	[18]
Sertraline	DM0FB1J	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Sertraline.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[18]
Trimipramine	DM1SC8M	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Trimipramine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[18]
Escitalopram	DMFK9HG	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Escitalopram.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[17]
Clomipramine	DMINRKW	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Clomipramine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[18]
Trazodone	DMK1GBJ	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Trazodone.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[18]
Doxepin	DMPI98T	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Doxepin.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[18]
Maprotiline	DMPWB7T	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Maprotiline.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[18]
Tetrabenazine	DMYWQ0O	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Tetrabenazine.	Dissociative neurological symptom disorder [6B60]	[18]
Deutetrabenazine	DMUPFLI	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Deutetrabenazine.	Dystonic disorder [8A02]	[18]
Ingrezza	DMVPLNC	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Ingrezza.	Dystonic disorder [8A02]	[18]
Solifenacin	DMG592Q	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Solifenacin.	Functional bladder disorder [GC50]	[18]
Pentamidine	DMHZJCG	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Pentamidine.	Fungal infection [1F29-1F2F]	[18]
Ketoconazole	DMPZI3Q	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Ketoconazole.	Fungal infection [1F29-1F2F]	[18]
Sunitinib	DMCBJSR	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Sunitinib.	Gastrointestinal stromal tumour [2B5B]	[18]
Fostemsavir	DM50ILT	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Fostemsavir.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[18]
Saquinavir	DMG814N	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Saquinavir.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[17]
Lopinavir	DMITQS0	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Lopinavir.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[19]
Rilpivirine	DMJ0QOW	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Rilpivirine.	Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62]	[18]
Crizotinib	DM4F29C	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Crizotinib.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[17]
Ceritinib	DMB920Z	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Ceritinib.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[17]
Osimertinib	DMRJLAT	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Osimertinib.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[17]
Selpercatinib	DMZR15V	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Selpercatinib.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[17]
Halofantrine	DMOMK1V	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Halofantrine.	Malaria [1F40-1F45]	[17]
Hydroxychloroquine	DMSIVND	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Hydroxychloroquine.	Malaria [1F40-1F45]	[18]
Primaquine	DMWQ16I	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Primaquine.	Malaria [1F40-1F45]	[18]
Inotuzumab ozogamicin	DMAC130	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Inotuzumab ozogamicin.	Malignant haematopoietic neoplasm [2B33]	[18]
Arsenic trioxide	DM61TA4	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Arsenic trioxide.	Mature B-cell lymphoma [2A85]	[17]
Vemurafenib	DM62UG5	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Vemurafenib.	Melanoma [2C30]	[17]
LGX818	DMNQXV8	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and LGX818.	Melanoma [2C30]	[18]
Panobinostat	DM58WKG	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Panobinostat.	Multiple myeloma [2A83]	[17]
Siponimod	DM2R86O	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Siponimod.	Multiple sclerosis [8A40]	[21]
Ozanimod	DMT6AM2	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Ozanimod.	Multiple sclerosis [8A40]	[22]
Romidepsin	DMT5GNL	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Romidepsin.	Mycosis fungoides [2B01]	[18]
Nilotinib	DM7HXWT	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Nilotinib.	Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20]	[17]
Dasatinib	DMJV2EK	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Dasatinib.	Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20]	[18]
Promethazine	DM6I5GR	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Promethazine.	Nausea/vomiting [MD90]	[18]
Granisetron	DMIUW25	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Granisetron.	Nausea/vomiting [MD90]	[18]
Dolasetron	DMMG26Z	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Dolasetron.	Nausea/vomiting [MD90]	[17]
Ondansetron	DMOTQ1I	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Ondansetron.	Nausea/vomiting [MD90]	[18]
Entrectinib	DMMPTLH	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Entrectinib.	Non-small cell lung cancer [2C25]	[17]
Levomethadyl Acetate	DM06HG5	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Levomethadyl Acetate.	Opioid use disorder [6C43]	[23]
Lofexidine	DM1WXA6	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Lofexidine.	Opioid use disorder [6C43]	[18]
Rucaparib	DM9PVX8	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Rucaparib.	Ovarian cancer [2C73]	[18]
Dextropropoxyphene	DM23HCX	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Dextropropoxyphene.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[19]
Buprenorphine	DMPRI8G	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Buprenorphine.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[18]
Triclabendazole	DMPWGBR	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Triclabendazole.	Parasitic worm infestation [1F90]	[18]
Pimavanserin	DMR7IVC	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Pimavanserin.	Parkinsonism [8A00]	[18]
Apomorphine	DMX38HQ	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Apomorphine.	Parkinsonism [8A00]	[18]
Famotidine	DMRL3AB	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Famotidine.	Peptic ulcer [DA61]	[18]
Macimorelin	DMQYJIR	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Macimorelin.	Pituitary gland disorder [5A60-5A61]	[18]
Lefamulin	DME6G97	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Lefamulin.	Pneumonia [CA40]	[17]
Degarelix	DM3O8QY	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Degarelix.	Prostate cancer [2C82]	[18]
ABIRATERONE	DM8V75C	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and ABIRATERONE.	Prostate cancer [2C82]	[18]
Nilutamide	DMFN07X	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Nilutamide.	Prostate cancer [2C82]	[18]
Enzalutamide	DMGL19D	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Enzalutamide.	Prostate cancer [2C82]	[18]
Bicalutamide	DMZMSPF	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Bicalutamide.	Prostate cancer [2C82]	[18]
Levomepromazine	DMIKFEL	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Levomepromazine.	Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25]	[18]
Gatifloxacin	DMSL679	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Gatifloxacin.	Respiratory infection [CA07-CA4Z]	[17]
Quetiapine	DM1N62C	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Quetiapine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[18]
Mesoridazine	DM2ZGAN	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Mesoridazine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Thioridazine	DM35M8J	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Thioridazine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Iloperidone	DM6AUFY	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Iloperidone.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Paliperidone	DM7NPJS	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Paliperidone.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[18]
Perphenazine	DMA4MRX	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Perphenazine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[18]
Trifluoperazine	DMKBYWI	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Trifluoperazine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[18]
Risperidone	DMN6DXL	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Risperidone.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[18]
Amisulpride	DMSJVAM	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Amisulpride.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Asenapine	DMSQZE2	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Asenapine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[18]
Pimozide	DMW83TP	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Pimozide.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[17]
Vardenafil	DMTBGW8	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Vardenafil.	Sexual dysfunction [HA00-HA01]	[18]
LEE011	DMMX75K	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and LEE011.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[17]
Vandetanib	DMRICNP	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Vandetanib.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[17]
Triptorelin	DMTK4LS	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Triptorelin.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[18]
Doxorubicin	DMVP5YE	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Doxorubicin.	Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z]	[18]
Pitolisant	DM8RFNJ	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Pitolisant.	Somnolence [MG42]	[18]
Telavancin	DM58VQX	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Telavancin.	Staphylococcal/streptococcal disease [1B5Y]	[18]
Lenvatinib	DMB1IU4	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Lenvatinib.	Thyroid cancer [2D10]	[18]
Cabozantinib	DMIYDT4	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Cabozantinib.	Thyroid cancer [2D10]	[17]
Tizanidine	DMR2IQ4	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Tizanidine.	Tonus and reflex abnormality [MB47]	[18]
Tacrolimus	DMZ7XNQ	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Tacrolimus.	Transplant rejection [NE84]	[18]
Trimeprazine	DMEMV9D	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Trimeprazine.	Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08]	[19]
Procainamide	DMNMXR8	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Procainamide.	Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC71]	[17]
Propafenone	DMPIBJK	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Propafenone.	Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC71]	[18]
Flecainide	DMSQDLE	Moderate	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Flecainide.	Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC71]	[18]
Amiodarone	DMUTEX3	Major	Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Adenosine and Amiodarone.	Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC71]	[17]

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG

DIG Name	DIG ID	PubChem CID	Functional Classification
Tocopheryl acetate	E00053	86472	Antioxidant
Hyaluronate sodium	E00461	3084049	Humectant; Lubricant; Modified-release agent
Edetate disodium	E00186	8759	Complexing agent
Glycerin	E00026	753	Antimicrobial preservative; Emollient; Flavoring agent; Humectant; Lubricant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; Tonicity agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Propylene glycol	E00040	1030	Antimicrobial preservative; Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Sodium chloride	E00077	5234	Diluent; Tonicity agent
Soybean lecithin	E00637	Not Available	Other agent
Water	E00035	962	Solvent
Phenoxyethanol	E00329	31236	Antimicrobial preservative
Cetyl ethylhexanoate	E00707	42956	Emollient

Pharmaceutical Formulation

Formulation Name	Drug Dosage	Dosage Form	Route
Adenosine 0.04% cream	0.04%	Cream	Topical
Adenosine 6mg/2ml injectable	6mg/2ml	Injectable	Injection
Adenosine 60mg/20ml injectable	60mg/20ml	Injectable	Injection

Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

• [1] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 2844).
• [2] BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
• [3] FDA Approved Drug Products: Adenoscan (Adenosine) Intravenous Injection (Discontinued)
• [4] Whirl-Carrillo M, McDonagh EM, Hebert JM, Gong L, Sangkuhl K, Thorn CF, Altman RB, Klein TE: Pharmacogenomics knowledge for personalized medicine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Oct;92(4):414-7. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2012.96.
• [5] Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
• [6] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [7] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
• [8] Nitric oxide reduces adenosine transporter ENT1 gene (SLC29A1) promoter activity in human fetal endothelium from gestational diabetes. J Cell Physiol. 2006 Aug;208(2):451-60.
• [9] Role of MRP4 and MRP5 in biology and chemotherapy. AAPS PharmSci. 2002;4(3):E14.
• [10] Regulation of sulfate assimilation in plants: 7. Cysteine inactivation of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase in Lemna minor L. Plant Physiol. 1978 Mar;61(3):342-7.
• [11] A functional genetic variation of adenosine deaminase affects the duration and intensity of deep sleep in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Oct 25;102(43):15676-81.
• [12] New 2,6,9-trisubstituted adenines as adenosine receptor antagonists: a preliminary SAR profile. Purinergic Signal. 2007 Sep;3(4):339-46. doi: 10.1007/s11302-007-9068-9. Epub 2007 Sep 19.
• [13] Adenosine up-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor in human macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Feb 12;392(3):351-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.01.023. Epub 2010 Jan 11.
• [14] Thymidine-dependent attenuation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in adenosine-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2001 Sep;127(9):570-6. doi: 10.1007/s004320100264.
• [15] Adenosine-induced caspase-3 activation by tuning Bcl-XL/DIABLO/IAP expression in HuH-7 human hepatoma cells. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2010 Aug;26(4):319-30. doi: 10.1007/s10565-009-9145-7. Epub 2010 Jan 9.
• [16] Adenosine and Cordycepin Accelerate Tissue Remodeling Process through Adenosine Receptor Mediated Wnt/-Catenin Pathway Stimulation by Regulating GSK3b Activity. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 25;22(11):5571. doi: 10.3390/ijms22115571.
• [17] Celiker A, Tokel K, Cil E, Ozkutlu S, Ozme S "Adenosine induced torsades de pointes in a child with congenital long QT syndrome." Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 17 (1994): 1814-7. [PMID: 7838793]
• [18] Canadian Pharmacists Association.
• [19] Mallet ML "Proarrhythmic effects of adenosine: a review of the literature." Emerg Med J 21 (2004): 408-10. [PMID: 15208219]
• [20] Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
• [21] Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
• [22] Product Information. Zeposia (ozanimod). Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ.
• [23] Teodorovich N, Margolin E, Kogan Y, Paz O, Swissa M. Torsades de pointes after adenosine administration. J Electrocardiol. 2016;49(2):171-173. [PMID: 26850499]