Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DM93L4X)

Drug Name
Dexmedetomidine
Synonyms
Dexmedetomidina; Dexmedetomidinum; MPV 1440; MPV-1440; Precedex (TN); Dexmedetomidine (USAN/INN); (+)-4-((S)-alpha,2,3-Trimethylbenzyl)imidazole; 4-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole; 5-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Irritability MB24 Approved [1]
Obstructive sleep apnea 7A41 Approved [2]
Traumatic brain injury NA07.Z Approved [2]
Respiratory failure CB41 Investigative [2]
Therapeutic Class
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
ATC Code
N05CM18: Dexmedetomidine
N05CM: Other hypnotics and sedatives
N05C: HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES
N05: PSYCHOLEPTICS
N: NERVOUS SYSTEM
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0 Molecular Weight (mw) 200.28
Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp) 3.1
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 1
ADMET Property
Clearance
The drug present in the plasma can be removed from the body at the rate of 11 mL/min/kg [3]
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 2 hours [3]
Metabolism
The drug is metabolized via the hepatic []
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 0.089 micromolar/kg/day [4]
Unbound Fraction
The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.06% [3]
Vd
The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 118 L []
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C13H16N2
IUPAC Name
5-[(1S)-1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole
Canonical SMILES
CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)[C@H](C)C2=CN=CN2)C
InChI
InChI=1S/C13H16N2/c1-9-5-4-6-12(10(9)2)11(3)13-7-14-8-15-13/h4-8,11H,1-3H3,(H,14,15)/t11-/m0/s1
InChIKey
CUHVIMMYOGQXCV-NSHDSACASA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
5311068
ChEBI ID
CHEMBL778
CAS Number
113775-47-6
UNII
67VB76HONO
DrugBank ID
DB00633
TTD ID
D0U3DU
INTEDE ID
DR0472
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Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Adrenergic receptor Alpha-2 (ADRA2) TTQ8AFT NOUNIPROTAC Agonist [5]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) DEVDYN7 CP2E1_HUMAN Substrate [6]
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) DEJVYAZ CP2A6_HUMAN Substrate [7]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) DEJGDUW CP1A2_HUMAN Substrate [8]
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Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Dexmedetomidine (Comorbidity)
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Comorbidity REF
Olopatadine DMKMWQG Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Dexmedetomidine and Olopatadine. Conjunctiva disorder [9A60] [9]
Propofol DMB4OLE Moderate Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects by the combination of Dexmedetomidine and Propofol. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [10]
Ethanol DMDRQZU Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Dexmedetomidine and Ethanol. Cystitis [GC00] [9]
Esketamine DMVU687 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Dexmedetomidine and Esketamine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [11]
Allopregnanolone DMNLHAC Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Dexmedetomidine and Allopregnanolone. Mental/behavioural/neurodevelopmental disorder [6E20-6E8Z] [12]
Lasmiditan DMXLVDT Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Dexmedetomidine and Lasmiditan. Migraine [8A80] [13]
Flibanserin DM70DTN Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Dexmedetomidine and Flibanserin. Mood disorder [6A60-6E23] [14]
Thalidomide DM70BU5 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Dexmedetomidine and Thalidomide. Multiple myeloma [2A83] [15]
Apraclonidine DMO4PVE Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Dexmedetomidine and Apraclonidine. Optic nerve disorder [9C40] [16]
Dextropropoxyphene DM23HCX Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Dexmedetomidine and Dextropropoxyphene. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [17]
Buprenorphine DMPRI8G Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Dexmedetomidine and Buprenorphine. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [18]
⏷ Show the Full List of 11 DDI Information of This Drug

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 521).
2 Dexmedetomidine FDA Label
3 Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
4 Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
5 Dexmedetomidine in intensive care unit: a study of hemodynamic changes. Middle East J Anesthesiol. 2002 Oct;16(6):587-95.
6 Metabolic stability and determination of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes' contribution to the metabolism of medetomidine in dog liver microsomes. Biomed Chromatogr. 2010 Aug;24(8):868-77.
7 Impact of CYP2A6 gene polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine for premedication. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Sep;11(9):917-922.
8 Predominant role of peripheral catecholamines in the stress-induced modulation of CYP1A2 inducibility by benzo(alpha)pyrene. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2008 Jan;102(1):35-44.
9 Warrington SJ, Ankier SI, Turner P "Evaluation of possible interactions between ethanol and trazodone or amitriptyline." Neuropsychobiology 15 (1986): 31-7. [PMID: 3725002]
10 Gill SS, Wright EM, Reilly CS "Pharmacokinetic interaction of propofol and fentanyl: single bolus injection study." Br J Anaesth 65 (1990): 760-5. [PMID: 2265045]
11 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
12 Product Information. Zulresso (brexanolone). Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
13 Product Information. Reyvow (lasmiditan). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
14 Product Information. Addyi (flibanserin). Sprout Pharmaceuticals, Raleigh, NC.
15 Product Information. Thalomid (thalidomide). Celgene Corporation, Warren, NJ.
16 Product Information. Alphagan (brimonidine ophthalmic). Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA.
17 Hansen BS, Dam M, Brandt J, et al "Influence of dextropropoxyphene on steady state serum levels and protein binding of three anti-epileptic drugs in man." Acta Neurol Scand 61 (1980): 357-67. [PMID: 6998251]
18 Sekar M, Mimpriss TJ "Buprenorphine, benzodiazepines and prolonged respiratory depression." Anaesthesia 42 (1987): 567-8. [PMID: 3592200]