Details of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

General Information of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME) (ID: DEJVYAZ)

DME Name Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)
Synonyms Cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6; Coumarin 7-hydroxylase; Cytochrome P450 IIA3; Cytochrome P450(I); CYP2A3; CYP2A6; CYPIIA6
Gene Name CYP2A6
UniProt ID
CP2A6_HUMAN
INTEDE ID
DME0005
3D Structure
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2D Sequence (FASTA)
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3D Structure (PDB)
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Gene ID
1548
EC Number EC: 1.14.14.1
Oxidoreductase
Oxygen paired donor oxidoreductase
Flavin/flavoprotein donor oxidoreductase
EC: 1.14.14.1
Lineage Species: Homo sapiens
Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens
Sequence
MLASGMLLVALLVCLTVMVLMSVWQQRKSKGKLPPGPTPLPFIGNYLQLNTEQMYNSLMK
ISERYGPVFTIHLGPRRVVVLCGHDAVREALVDQAEEFSGRGEQATFDWVFKGYGVVFSN
GERAKQLRRFSIATLRDFGVGKRGIEERIQEEAGFLIDALRGTGGANIDPTFFLSRTVSN
VISSIVFGDRFDYKDKEFLSLLRMMLGIFQFTSTSTGQLYEMFSSVMKHLPGPQQQAFQL
LQGLEDFIAKKVEHNQRTLDPNSPRDFIDSFLIRMQEEEKNPNTEFYLKNLVMTTLNLFI
GGTETVSTTLRYGFLLLMKHPEVEAKVHEEIDRVIGKNRQPKFEDRAKMPYMEAVIHEIQ
RFGDVIPMSLARRVKKDTKFRDFFLPKGTEVYPMLGSVLRDPSFFSNPQDFNPQHFLNEK
GQFKKSDAFVPFSIGKRNCFGEGLARMELFLFFTTVMQNFRLKSSQSPKDIDVSPKHVGF
ATIPRNYTMSFLPR
Function
This enzyme exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. It can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. It is also competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1.
KEGG Pathway
Caffeine metabolism (hsa00232 )
Chemical carcinogenesis (hsa05204 )
Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 (hsa00982 )
Drug metabolism - other enzymes (hsa00983 )
Metabolic pathways (hsa01100 )
Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 (hsa00980 )
Retinol metabolism (hsa00830 )
Reactome Pathway
Xenobiotics (R-HSA-211981 )
CYP2E1 reactions (R-HSA-211999 )

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This DME

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This DME
48 Approved Drug(s) Metabolized by This DME
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [2]
Apremilast DMTWS9E Psoriasis vulgaris EA90 Approved [3]
Arformoterol DMYM974 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Approved [4]
Artemisinin DMOY7W3 Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [5]
Artesunate DMR27C8 Infection of P. falciparum 1F40 Approved [6]
Azelastine DMXTMBJ Allergic conjunctivitis 9A60.02 Approved [7]
Camphor DMWIO46 Acute or chronic pain MG30-MG31 Approved [8]
Cenobamate DM8KLU9 Complex partial seizure 8A68.0 Approved [9]
Chlorzoxazone DMCYVDT Acute pain MG31 Approved [10]
Cinnarizine DM7U5QJ Meniere disease AB31.0 Approved [11]
Cisapride DMY7PED Gastroesophageal reflux disease DA22.Z Approved [12]
Clofibrate DMPC1J7 Dysbetalipoproteinemia 5C80.2 Approved [13]
Clozapine DMFC71L Schizophrenia 6A20 Approved [14]
Cyclophosphamide DM4O2Z7 Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [15]
Dapagliflozin DM28UJG Non-insulin dependent diabetes 5A11 Approved [16]
Dexmedetomidine DM93L4X Irritability MB24 Approved [17]
Flunarizine DMZU5JP Migraine 8A80 Approved [13]
Flunitrazepam DMGR5Z3 Insomnia 7A00-7A0Z Approved [18]
Fluorouracil DMUM7HZ Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [19]
Flurazepam DMAL4G0 Insomnia 7A00-7A0Z Approved [20]
Halothane DM80OZ5 Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [21]
Ifosfamide DMCT3I8 Adult central nervous system germ cell tumor Approved [22]
Letrozole DMH07Y3 Estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer Approved [23]
Lidocaine DML4ZOT Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [24]
Lorcaserin DMG6OYJ Obesity 5B81 Approved [25]
Marinol DM70IK5 Anorexia nervosa cachexia 6B80 Approved [26]
Methoxsalen DME8FZ9 Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma 2B01 Approved [5]
Methoxyflurane DML0RAE Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [27]
Metronidazole DMTIVEN Abscess Approved [28]
Montelukast DMD157S Allergic asthma CA23.0 Approved [11]
Nevirapine DM6HX9B Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [11]
Nicotine DMWX5CO Lung cancer 2C25.0 Approved [29]
Norethindrone acetate DMDGCQP N. A. N. A. Approved [30]
Perazine DM2AOTZ Psychotic disorder 6A20-6A25 Approved [31]
Pilocarpine DMV9ADG Glaucoma/ocular hypertension 9C61 Approved [32]
Progesterone DMUY35B Amenorrhea GA20.0 Approved [24]
Propofol DMB4OLE Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [33]
Selegiline Hydrochloride DM3VR1L Parkinson disease 8A00.0 Approved [34]
Sevoflurane DMC9O43 Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [27]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [35]
Tegafur DM31ZQM Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [36]
Thalidomide DM70BU5 Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma Approved [37]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [24]
UFT DMX3O0D Solid tumour/cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [38]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [39]
Vortioxetine DM6F1PU Major depressive disorder 6A70.3 Approved [40]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [24]
Medifoxamine DM0UGYX N. A. N. A. Phase 4 [24]
⏷ Show the Full List of 48 Approved Drug(s)
5 Clinical Trial Drug(s) Metabolized by This DME
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
5-methoxypsoralen DME2A8X Psoriasis vulgaris EA90 Phase 3 [41]
Clomethiazole DMSPN58 Stroke 8B20 Phase 3 [24]
Plitidepsin DMJ8AUE Multiple myeloma 2A83 Phase 3 [42]
BMS 650032 DMQI43G Hepatitis C virus infection 1E51.1 Phase 2 [43]
Roxatidine DMIZMYQ N. A. N. A. Phase 2 [44]
1 Discontinued Drug(s) Metabolized by This DME
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Phenacetin DMRQAM0 Analgesia MB40.8 Withdrawn from market [45]
7 Investigative Drug(s) Metabolized by This DME
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Chloroxylenol DMM75WZ N. A. N. A. Investigative [24]
Fenthion DMKEG49 N. A. N. A. Investigative [46]
Fenthion sulfoxide DM4OLRS N. A. N. A. Investigative [46]
flavone DMEQH6J Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [47]
Levoverbenone DMV3P89 N. A. N. A. Investigative [48]
Nicotinyl alcohol DMO7M2N N. A. N. A. Investigative [49]
Phenazone DMCE985 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [50]
⏷ Show the Full List of 7 Investigative Drug(s)

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) of This DME

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This DME
Disease Name ICD 11 Studied Tissue p-value Fold-Change Z-score
Acute myelocytic leukaemia 2B33.1 Bone marrow 5.37E-01 2.12E-02 7.71E-02
Alopecia ED70 Skin from scalp 3.91E-01 1.03E-01 3.69E-01
Alzheimer's disease 8A20 Entorhinal cortex 2.02E-01 -2.49E-02 -1.81E-01
Ankylosing spondylitis FA92.0 Pheripheral blood 9.39E-01 4.37E-02 3.39E-01
Aortic stenosis BB70 Calcified aortic valve 9.73E-01 2.55E-02 3.48E-02
Apnea 7A40 Hyperplastic tonsil 2.22E-02 -2.39E-01 -1.22E+00
Arthropathy FA00-FA5Z Peripheral blood 6.07E-01 -1.87E-02 -1.29E-01
Asthma CA23 Nasal and bronchial airway 1.41E-01 3.13E-01 2.71E-01
Atopic dermatitis EA80 Skin 1.48E-01 8.29E-02 9.03E-01
Autism 6A02 Whole blood 3.98E-01 -2.30E-02 -8.80E-02
Autoimmune uveitis 9A96 Peripheral monocyte 7.48E-01 -1.59E-02 -1.03E-01
Autosomal dominant monocytopenia 4B04 Whole blood 7.66E-01 -7.53E-02 -3.25E-01
Bacterial infection of gingival 1C1H Gingival tissue 2.56E-01 -7.44E-03 -2.07E-02
Batten disease 5C56.1 Whole blood 3.40E-01 1.05E-01 9.15E-01
Behcet's disease 4A62 Peripheral blood 2.84E-01 1.09E-01 5.16E-01
Bipolar disorder 6A60-6A6Z Prefrontal cortex 5.78E-01 -6.08E-03 -4.13E-02
Bladder cancer 2C94 Bladder tissue 2.75E-04 5.92E-01 2.29E+00
Breast cancer 2C60-2C6Z Breast tissue 3.15E-06 -4.25E-01 -9.04E-01
Cardioembolic stroke 8B11.20 Whole blood 4.52E-07 2.73E-01 1.88E+00
Cervical cancer 2C77 Cervical tissue 1.04E-03 -2.19E-01 -9.35E-01
Childhood onset rheumatic disease FA20.Z Peripheral blood 6.22E-01 1.37E-01 3.71E-01
Chronic hepatitis C 1E51.1 Whole blood 2.33E-01 4.58E-02 2.41E-01
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Lung tissue 4.70E-01 2.63E-01 6.12E-01
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Small airway epithelium 1.35E-03 -2.46E-01 -5.85E-01
Chronic rhinosinusitis CA0A Sinus mucosa tissue 2.90E-02 -5.08E-01 -1.19E+00
Colon cancer 2B90 Colon tissue 1.92E-04 -1.16E-01 -4.54E-01
Coronary artery disease BA80-BA8Z Peripheral blood 7.54E-01 2.14E-02 8.50E-02
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 2A81 Tonsil tissue 9.39E-01 3.69E-02 2.11E-01
Endometriosis GA10 Endometrium tissue 1.99E-02 1.17E-01 5.72E-01
Familial hypercholesterolemia 5C80.00 Peripheral blood 5.05E-01 -7.80E-02 -3.56E-01
Familial hypercholesterolemia 5C80.00 Whole blood 8.16E-05 -5.46E-01 -1.71E+00
Gastric cancer 2B72 Gastric tissue 4.33E-01 -1.87E-01 -1.17E+00
Glioblastopma 2A00.00 Nervous tissue 1.89E-07 -8.67E-02 -3.13E-01
Glioma 2A00.0Y-2A00.0Z Brain stem tissue 4.06E-02 -1.34E-01 -6.13E+00
Glioma 2A00.0Y-2A00.0Z White matter tissue 3.09E-08 -6.43E-01 -3.81E+00
Head and neck cancer 2D42 Head and neck tissue 4.94E-13 -4.03E-01 -6.01E-01
HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment 8A2Y-8A2Z White matter tissue 3.29E-02 -7.09E-02 -3.37E-01
Huntington's disease 8A01.10 Whole blood 1.51E-01 5.05E-02 3.39E-01
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis CB03.4 Lung tissue 1.23E-01 2.71E-01 8.39E-01
Immunodeficiency 4A00-4A20 Peripheral blood 1.07E-01 5.60E-02 5.82E-01
Influenza 1E30 Whole blood 3.46E-03 4.94E-01 4.13E+00
Interstitial cystitis GC00.3 Bladder tissue 2.24E-01 1.21E-01 8.15E-01
Intracranial aneurysm 8B01.0 Intracranial artery 5.49E-01 2.01E-01 6.49E-01
Irritable bowel syndrome DD91.0 Rectal colon tissue 4.31E-01 2.64E-02 1.27E-01
Ischemic stroke 8B11 Peripheral blood 5.94E-01 2.54E-02 1.06E-01
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis FA24 Peripheral blood 9.70E-03 6.62E-03 3.43E-02
Lateral sclerosis 8B60.4 Skin 2.76E-01 8.14E-02 9.84E-01
Lateral sclerosis 8B60.4 Cervical spinal cord 8.60E-01 1.59E-02 5.91E-02
Liver cancer 2C12.0 Liver tissue 5.71E-13 -4.22E+00 -2.32E+00
Liver failure DB99.7-DB99.8 Liver tissue 2.37E-02 -1.33E+00 -1.11E+00
Lung cancer 2C25 Lung tissue 5.48E-01 -5.89E-02 -1.77E-01
Lupus erythematosus 4A40 Whole blood 1.10E-02 -3.16E-01 -4.56E-01
Major depressive disorder 6A70-6A7Z Hippocampus 2.21E-02 9.40E-02 6.62E-01
Major depressive disorder 6A70-6A7Z Whole blood 4.48E-01 -2.24E-02 -7.80E-02
Melanoma 2C30 Skin 7.24E-01 1.08E-01 1.51E-01
Multiple myeloma 2A83.1 Peripheral blood 7.88E-01 7.42E-02 3.54E-01
Multiple myeloma 2A83.1 Bone marrow 1.57E-02 -2.75E-01 -1.41E+00
Multiple sclerosis 8A40 Plasmacytoid dendritic cells 7.56E-01 -6.70E-02 -3.47E-01
Myelodysplastic syndrome 2A36-2A3Z Bone marrow 5.55E-01 9.45E-02 3.90E-01
Myelofibrosis 2A20.2 Whole blood 3.75E-01 1.41E-02 7.72E-02
Myocardial infarction BA41-BA50 Peripheral blood 7.53E-02 1.64E-01 2.20E-01
Myopathy 8C70.6 Muscle tissue 1.68E-01 -8.94E-02 -3.91E-01
Neonatal sepsis KA60 Whole blood 4.34E-02 -8.46E-02 -3.27E-01
Neuroectodermal tumour 2A00.11 Brain stem tissue 8.90E-05 -1.12E+00 -2.37E+00
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease DB92 Liver tissue 1.76E-01 -3.41E-01 -6.74E-01
Obesity related type 2 diabetes 5A11 Omental adipose tissue 3.86E-01 9.21E-02 6.54E-01
Olive pollen allergy CA08.00 Peripheral blood 4.87E-02 2.08E-01 1.53E+00
Oral cancer 2B6E Oral tissue 2.08E-03 -3.33E-01 -1.10E+00
Osteoarthritis FA00-FA0Z Synovial tissue 6.41E-01 1.23E-02 5.46E-02
Osteoporosis FB83.1 Bone marrow 2.47E-03 3.88E-01 3.09E+00
Ovarian cancer 2C73 Ovarian tissue 5.94E-01 -9.00E-02 -4.71E-01
Pancreatic cancer 2C10 Pancreas 8.83E-01 -1.43E-01 -4.14E-01
Parkinson's disease 8A00.0 Substantia nigra tissue 8.99E-01 4.59E-03 2.19E-02
Pediatric respiratory syncytial virus infection CA40.11 Peripheral blood 6.79E-01 -2.31E-03 -1.24E-02
Pituitary cancer 2D12 Pituitary tissue 2.21E-01 3.51E-01 8.33E-01
Pituitary gonadotrope tumour 2D12 Pituitary tissue 7.50E-02 3.49E-01 1.14E+00
Polycystic ovary syndrome 5A80.1 Vastus lateralis muscle 2.07E-01 -5.63E-02 -3.55E-01
Polycythemia vera 2A20.4 Whole blood 3.52E-03 9.77E-02 5.23E-01
Pompe disease 5C51.3 Biceps muscle 1.21E-02 -1.47E-01 -1.06E+00
Preterm birth KA21.4Z Myometrium 9.54E-01 2.76E-02 3.03E-01
Prostate cancer 2C82 Prostate 8.39E-05 -1.04E+00 -1.40E+00
Psoriasis EA90 Skin 2.19E-13 -3.40E-01 -7.68E-01
Rectal cancer 2B92 Rectal colon tissue 4.73E-01 -8.05E-02 -3.56E-01
Renal cancer 2C90-2C91 Kidney 9.77E-02 -2.66E-01 -7.98E-01
Retinoblastoma 2D02.2 Uvea 4.27E-03 -3.92E-01 -1.99E+00
Rheumatoid arthritis FA20 Synovial tissue 2.32E-02 -5.21E-01 -1.72E+00
Rhinovirus infection CA42.1 Nasal epithelium tissue 1.67E-01 -9.72E-02 -1.52E-01
Schizophrenia 6A20 Prefrontal cortex 6.24E-01 6.79E-02 2.28E-01
Schizophrenia 6A20 Superior temporal cortex 2.82E-01 -4.18E-02 -2.80E-01
Scleroderma 4A42.Z Whole blood 8.08E-05 1.77E-01 1.65E+00
Seizure 8A60-8A6Z Whole blood 6.69E-02 -1.31E-01 -7.17E-01
Sensitive skin EK0Z Skin 7.41E-01 1.65E-02 8.11E-02
Sepsis with septic shock 1G41 Whole blood 1.62E-10 1.45E-01 6.41E-01
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome 3A70.0 Bone marrow 3.76E-01 9.13E-02 4.54E-01
Sickle cell disease 3A51.0-3A51.3 Peripheral blood 9.21E-02 2.41E-01 1.09E+00
Simpson golabi behmel syndrome LD2C Adipose tissue 9.63E-01 -5.44E-02 -5.89E-01
Sjogren's syndrome 4A43.2 Salivary gland tissue 7.61E-01 1.05E-02 4.41E-02
Skin cancer 2C30-2C3Z Skin 7.83E-08 -2.77E-01 -5.15E-01
Thrombocythemia 3B63 Whole blood 1.16E-02 1.80E-01 9.50E-01
Thrombocytopenia 3B64 Whole blood 4.87E-01 9.07E-02 2.80E-01
Thyroid cancer 2D10 Thyroid 3.50E-04 1.16E-01 4.39E-01
Tibial muscular dystrophy 8C75 Muscle tissue 8.92E-02 -6.11E-02 -4.77E-01
Tuberous sclerosis complex LD2D.2 Perituberal tissue 7.54E-02 1.22E-01 1.17E+00
Type 2 diabetes 5A11 Liver tissue 6.97E-01 2.69E-01 5.70E-01
Ureter cancer 2C92 Urothelium 3.47E-01 -5.85E-02 -2.83E-01
Uterine cancer 2C78 Endometrium tissue 4.55E-04 -1.16E-01 -4.21E-01
Vitiligo ED63.0 Skin 6.56E-01 -1.48E-02 -1.10E-01
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⏷ Show the Full List of DME Expression Under 107 Diseases

The Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT) Role of This DME

DME DTT Name Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) DTT Info
DME DTT Type Successful
1 Approved Drug(s) Targeting This DTT
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Methoxsalen DME8FZ9 Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma 2B01 Approved [1]

References

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2 Metabolic interactions between acetaminophen (paracetamol) and two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, through in-vitro inhibition studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;69(12):1762-1772.
3 Apremilast (Otezla): a new oral treatment for adults with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. P T. 2015 Aug;40(8):495-500.
4 A comparison of the expression and metabolizing activities of phase I and II enzymes in freshly isolated human lung parenchymal cells and cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Oct;35(10):1797-805.
5 Identification of the human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the in vitro metabolism of artemisinin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Oct;48(4):528-35.
6 Identification of human cytochrome P(450)s that metabolise anti-parasitic drugs and predictions of in vivo drug hepatic clearance from in vitro data. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Sep;59(5-6):429-42.
7 Azelastine N-demethylation by cytochrome P-450 (CYP)3A4, CYP2D6, and CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes: evaluation of approach to predict the contribution of multiple CYPs. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Dec;27(12):1381-91.
8 In vitro metabolism of (-)-camphor using human liver microsomes and CYP2A6. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007 Feb;30(2):230-3.
9 FDA label of Cenobamate. The 2020 official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
10 Prediction of human liver microsomal oxidations of 7-ethoxycoumarin and chlorzoxazone with kinetic parameters of recombinant cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Nov;27(11):1274-80.
11 Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
12 Identification of the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of cisapride: in vitro studies of potential co-medication interactions. Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Apr;129(8):1655-67.
13 Oxidative metabolism of flunarizine and cinnarizine by microsomes from B-lymphoblastoid cell lines expressing human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Biol Pharm Bull. 1996 Nov;19(11):1511-4.
14 Characterization of human cytochrome P450s involved in the bioactivation of clozapine. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Mar;41(3):651-8.
15 Development of a substrate-activity based approach to identify the major human liver P-450 catalysts of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide activation based on cDNA-expressed activities and liver microsomal P-450 profiles. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Jun;27(6):655-66.
16 Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dapagliflozin, a selective inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2014 Jan;53(1):17-27.
17 Impact of CYP2A6 gene polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine for premedication. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Sep;11(9):917-922.
18 CYP3A4 is the major CYP isoform mediating the in vitro hydroxylation and demethylation of flunitrazepam. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Feb;29(2):133-40.
19 Roles of cytochromes P450 1A2, 2A6, and 2C8 in 5-fluorouracil formation from tegafur, an anticancer prodrug, in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Dec;28(12):1457-63.
20 Is 1-aminobenzotriazole an appropriate in vitro tool as a nonspecific cytochrome P450 inactivator? Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Jan;37(1):10-3.
21 Halothane-dependent lipid peroxidation in human liver microsomes is catalyzed by cytochrome P4502A6 (CYP2A6). Anesthesiology. 2001 Aug;95(2):509-14.
22 Measurement of 4-hydroxylation of ifosfamide in human liver microsomes using the estimation of free and protein-bound acrolein and codetermination of keto- and carboxyifosfamide. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2002 Jul;128(7):385-92.
23 Letrozole concentration is associated with CYP2A6 variation but not with arthralgia in patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018 Nov;172(2):371-379.
24 Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
25 Identification of human cytochrome P450 and flavin-containing monooxygenase enzymes involved in the metabolism of lorcaserin, a novel selective human 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C agonist. Drug Metab Dispos. 2012 Apr;40(4):761-71.
26 Health control over the feeding of troops on the Western and 3d Belorussian Fronts during the Great Patriotic War years. Voen Med Zh. 1975 Jun;(6):86-8.
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28 The role of human cytochrome P450 enzymes in the formation of 2-hydroxymetronidazole: CYP2A6 is the high affinity (low Km) catalyst. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Sep;41(9):1686-94.
29 CYP2A6- and CYP2A13-catalyzed metabolism of the nicotine delta-5'(1')iminium ion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2012 Nov;343(2):307-15.
30 Identification of the human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the in vitro biotransformation of lynestrenol and norethindrone. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2008 May;110(1-2):56-66.
31 The metabolism of the piperazine-type phenothiazine neuroleptic perazine by the human cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2004 May;14(3):199-208.
32 Structural comparison of cytochromes P450 2A6, 2A13, and 2E1 with pilocarpine. FEBS J. 2012 May;279(9):1621-31.
33 Possible involvement of multiple human cytochrome P450 isoforms in the liver metabolism of propofol. Br J Anaesth. 1998 Jun;80(6):788-95.
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35 Genotoxicity of tamoxifen, tamoxifen epoxide and toremifene in human lymphoblastoid cells containing human cytochrome P450s. Carcinogenesis. 1994 Jan;15(1):5-9.
36 Rapid development of S-1 in the west for therapy of advanced gastric carcinoma. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2006 Jun;33 Suppl 1:117-20.
37 Metabolism of thalidomide in human microsomes, cloned human cytochrome P-450 isozymes, and Hansen's disease patients. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2000;14(3):140-7.
38 UFT Capsules (uracil-tegafur).
39 Psychotropic drug interactions with valproate. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2005 Mar-Apr;28(2):96-101.
40 Identification of the cytochrome P450 and other enzymes involved in the in vitro oxidative metabolism of a novel antidepressant, Lu AA21004. Drug Metab Dispos. 2012 Jul;40(7):1357-65.
41 Cytochrome P450 CYP1B1 interacts with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and influences psoralen-ultraviolet A (PUVA) sensitivity. PLoS One. 2013 Sep 23;8(9):e75494.
42 In vitro characterization of the human biotransformation pathways of aplidine, a novel marine anti-cancer drug. Invest New Drugs. 2007 Feb;25(1):9-19.
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