Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC365LT)

• Drug Combination Name: Raloxifene + Isoniazid
• Indication: High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Raloxifene (DMDKF3M): Small molecular drug
  Isoniazid (DM5JVS3): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: OVCAR-5
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 0.42
  Bliss Independence Score: 3.21
  Loewe Additivity Score: 1.06
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 1.06

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Raloxifene

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Osteoporosis	FB83.0	Approved	[2]

Raloxifene Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Estrogen receptor (ESR)	TTZAYWL	ESR1_HUMAN	Modulator	[5]

Raloxifene Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[6]

Raloxifene Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[7]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)	DEYGVN4	UD11_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10 (UGT1A10)	DEL5N6Y	UD110_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]

Indication(s) of Isoniazid

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Latent tuberculosis infection	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Pulmonary tuberculosis	1B10.Z	Approved	[3]
Tuberculosis	1B10-1B1Z	Approved	[4]

Isoniazid Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Bacterial Fatty acid synthetase I (Bact inhA)	TTVTX4N	INHA_MYCTU	Inhibitor	[11]

Isoniazid Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)	DEVDYN7	CP2E1_HUMAN	Metabolism	[12]
Catalase-peroxidase (katG)	DEAGY5M	KATG_SYNE7	Metabolism	[13]
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT)	DEXCQTM	A0A3P8LE58_TSUPA	Metabolism	[14]

Isoniazid Interacts with 59 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Alanine aminotransferase 1 (GPT)	OTOXOA0Q	ALAT1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
N-alpha-acetyltransferase 20 (NAA20)	OTJB0VA6	NAA20_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[16]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	OTHCWT42	CP2C8_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[17]
Nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1)	OT4FU8C0	NUPR1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[18]
Inhibin beta E chain (INHBE)	OTOI2NYG	INHBE_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[18]
Protein DEPP1 (DEPP1)	OTB36PHJ	DEPP1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[18]
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10)	OTOA4HTH	AK1BA_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)	OT4IE164	TNFA_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[10]
Interferon gamma (IFNG)	OTXG9JM7	IFNG_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[10]
C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10)	OTTLQ6S0	CXL10_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[10]
Interleukin-6 (IL6)	OTUOSCCU	IL6_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[10]
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1)	OTZGGIVK	NQO1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Interleukin-10 (IL10)	OTIRFRXC	IL10_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[10]
Interleukin-12 subunit alpha (IL12A)	OTDQT8GI	IL12A_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[10]
Interleukin-12 subunit beta (IL12B)	OT0JF8A3	IL12B_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[10]
Interleukin-17A (IL17A)	OTY72FT2	IL17_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[10]
Sulfiredoxin-1 (SRXN1)	OTYDBO4L	SRXN1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BBOX1)	OTKEX4RK	BODG_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[19]
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)	OT9GG3ZI	FETA_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 (ATP1B1)	OTTO6ZP4	AT1B1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[19]
Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP)	OTKFD7R4	A4_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[19]
Osteopontin (SPP1)	OTJGC23Y	OSTP_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Mucin-1 (MUC1)	OTHQI7IY	MUC1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[19]
14-3-3 protein sigma (SFN)	OTLJCZ1U	1433S_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (DDIT3)	OTI8YKKE	DDIT3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (GCLM)	OT6CP234	GSH0_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Claudin-2 (CLDN2)	OTRF3D6Y	CLD2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[19]
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 (SLC7A5)	OT2WPVXD	LAT1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3)	OTG5OS7X	TRIB3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[19]
Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (PLOD2)	OTKOZRZP	PLOD2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2)	OTN44YQ5	TMPS2_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[21]
Interleukin-1 alpha (IL1A)	OTPSGILV	IL1A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[22]
Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B)	OT0DWXXB	IL1B_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[22]
Albumin (ALB)	OTVMM513	ALBU_HUMAN	Affects Binding	[23]
Antileukoproteinase (SLPI)	OTUNFUU8	SLPI_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[22]
Catalase (CAT)	OTHEBX9R	CATA_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[24]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2)	OT9DVHC0	BCL2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[24]
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (G6PD)	OT300SMK	G6PD_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[24]
5-aminolevulinate synthase, non-specific, mitochondrial (ALAS1)	OTQY6ZSF	HEM1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[25]
Ferrochelatase, mitochondrial (FECH)	OTDWEI6C	HEMH_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[25]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[15]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[15]
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2)	OT75U9M4	PGH2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[22]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)	OTHMARHO	PPARG_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[26]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[24]
Caspase-9 (CASP9)	OTD4RFFG	CASP9_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[24]
Apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX)	OTAW0V4V	BAX_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Interleukin-24 (IL24)	OT4VUWH1	IL24_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[22]
Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1)	OTOXWNV8	NRF1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[27]
Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 ligand 1 (NCR3LG1)	OT15YWU7	NR3L1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[28]
PTB-containing, cubilin and LRP1-interacting protein (PID1)	OT5YJ7FI	PCLI1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[22]
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1)	OTAYZMOY	SIR1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[27]
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)	OTTRZGU7	ACE2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[21]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A)	OTHCDQ22	PRGC1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[27]
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2)	OTBPDQOY	ARY2_HUMAN	Decreases Acetylation	[29]
Eosinophil peroxidase (EPX)	OTFNDFOK	PERE_HUMAN	Increases Oxidation	[30]
Myeloperoxidase (MPO)	OTOOXLIN	PERM_HUMAN	Increases Oxidation	[31]
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[32]
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1)	OTSBF2MO	GSTM1_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[33]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma	DCHETXK	SR	Investigative	[34]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	DCX7R54	786-0	Investigative	[34]
Plasma cell myeloma	DCD805I	RPMI-8226	Investigative	[34]
Carcinoma	DCQ9H2O	RXF 393	Investigative	[35]
Colon adenocarcinoma	DCIITGW	COLO 205	Investigative	[35]
Invasive ductal carcinoma	DC48WL3	BT-549	Investigative	[35]
Adenocarcinoma	DCIPOCD	NCIH23	Investigative	[1]
Adenocarcinoma	DCIR723	HCT-15	Investigative	[1]
Amelanotic melanoma	DC7B9GT	M14	Investigative	[1]
Cutaneous melanoma	DCKTUDT	SK-MEL-28	Investigative	[1]
Cutaneous melanoma	DCM0TW6	SK-MEL-5	Investigative	[1]
Large cell lung carcinoma	DCPVJG7	NCI-H460	Investigative	[1]
Lung adenocarcinoma	DC3WPMG	EKVX	Investigative	[1]
Melanoma	DCJZKW0	MALME-3M	Investigative	[1]

References

• [1] Loss of function mutations in VARS encoding cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetase cause microcephaly, seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy.Hum Genet. 2018 Apr;137(4):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s00439-018-1882-3. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
• [2] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [3] Isoniazid FDA Label
• [4] Novel agents in the management of Mycobacterium tuberculosis disease. Curr Med Chem. 2007;14(18):2000-8.
• [5] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 620).
• [6] Influence of hepatic and intestinal efflux transporters and their genetic variants on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of raloxifene in osteoporosis treatment. Transl Res. 2012 Oct;160(4):298-308.
• [7] The role of P-glycoprotein in the bioactivation of raloxifene. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Dec;34(12):2073-8.
• [8] Drug-drug interactions for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates: a pharmacokinetic explanation for typically observed low exposure (AUCi/AUC) ratios. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Nov;32(11):1201-8.
• [9] Characterization of raloxifene glucuronidation: potential role of UGT1A8 genotype on raloxifene metabolism in vivo. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2013 Jul;6(7):719-30.
• [10] Characterization of drug-specific signaling between primary human hepatocytes and immune cells. Toxicol Sci. 2017 Jul 1;158(1):76-89.
• [11] Diversity in enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductases. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009 May;66(9):1507-17.
• [12] Inhibition of CYP2E1 catalytic activity in vitro by S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Biochem Pharmacol. 2005 Apr 1;69(7):1081-93.
• [13] Crystal structure of the catalase-peroxidase KatG W78F mutant from Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 in complex with the antitubercular pro-drug isoniazid. FEBS Lett. 2015 Jan 2;589(1):131-7.
• [14] The actinobacterium Tsukamurella paurometabola has a functionally divergent arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) homolog. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Oct 31;35(11):174.
• [15] Quercetin protected against isoniazide-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis by activating the SIRT1/ERK pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2019 Sep;33(9):e22369. doi: 10.1002/jbt.22369. Epub 2019 Jul 23.
• [16] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [17] Mechanism-based inactivation of human cytochrome P4502C8 by drugs in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Dec;311(3):996-1007.
• [18] Determination of phospholipidosis potential based on gene expression analysis in HepG2 cells. Toxicol Sci. 2007 Mar;96(1):101-14.
• [19] Comparison of base-line and chemical-induced transcriptomic responses in HepaRG and RPTEC/TERT1 cells using TempO-Seq. Arch Toxicol. 2018 Aug;92(8):2517-2531.
• [20] Identification of differentially expressed genes in hepatic HepG2 cells treated with acetaminophen using suppression subtractive hybridization. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Jul;28(7):1148-53. doi: 10.1248/bpb.28.1148.
• [21] Effect of common medications on the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors in liver tissue. Arch Toxicol. 2020 Dec;94(12):4037-4041. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02869-1. Epub 2020 Aug 17.
• [22] An in vitro coculture system of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cells for predicting drug-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol. 2021 Jan;95(1):149-168. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02882-4. Epub 2020 Aug 20.
• [23] Auto-oxidation of Isoniazid Leads to Isonicotinic-Lysine Adducts on Human Serum Albumin. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 Jan 20;28(1):51-8. doi: 10.1021/tx500285k. Epub 2014 Dec 9.
• [24] Isoniazid-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells: generation of oxidative stress and Bcl-2 down-regulation. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2010 Jun;20(5):242-51. doi: 10.3109/15376511003793325.
• [25] The Isoniazid Metabolites Hydrazine and Pyridoxal Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone Modulate Heme Biosynthesis. Toxicol Sci. 2019 Mar 1;168(1):209-224. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy294.
• [26] Isoniazid suppresses antioxidant response element activities and impairs adipogenesis in mouse and human preadipocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 Dec 15;273(3):435-41. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.10.005. Epub 2013 Oct 12.
• [27] AMPK activator acadesine fails to alleviate isoniazid-caused mitochondrial instability in HepG2 cells. J Appl Toxicol. 2017 Oct;37(10):1219-1224. doi: 10.1002/jat.3483. Epub 2017 May 29.
• [28] Enhanced activation of human NK cells by drug-exposed hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol. 2020 Feb;94(2):439-448. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02668-8. Epub 2020 Feb 14.
• [29] Effects of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), CYP2E1 and Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genotypes on the serum concentrations of isoniazid and metabolites in tuberculosis patients. J Toxicol Sci. 2008 May;33(2):187-95. doi: 10.2131/jts.33.187.
• [30] Eosinophil peroxidase oxidizes isoniazid to form the active metabolite against M. tuberculosis, isoniazid-NAD(). Chem Biol Interact. 2019 May 25;305:48-53. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.03.019. Epub 2019 Mar 25.
• [31] Metabolism of isoniazid by neutrophil myeloperoxidase leads to isoniazid-NAD(+) adduct formation: A comparison of the reactivity of isoniazid with its known human metabolites. Biochem Pharmacol. 2016 Apr 15;106:46-55. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.02.003. Epub 2016 Feb 9.
• [32] Development of a highly sensitive cytotoxicity assay system for CYP3A4-mediated metabolic activation. Drug Metab Dispos. 2011 Aug;39(8):1388-95. doi: 10.1124/dmd.110.037077. Epub 2011 May 3.
• [33] Customised in vitro model to detect human metabolism-dependent idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol. 2018 Jan;92(1):383-399. doi: 10.1007/s00204-017-2036-4. Epub 2017 Jul 31.
• [34] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [35] Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.