Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC5Y9SW)

• Drug Combination Name: Lenalidomide + Raloxifene
• Indication: Adenocarcinoma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Lenalidomide (DM6Q7U4): Small molecular drug
  Raloxifene (DMDKF3M): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: HCC-2998
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 0.63
  Bliss Independence Score: 2.58
  Loewe Additivity Score: 0.78
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 0.78

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Lenalidomide

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Advanced cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[2]
Complex regional pain syndrome type 1	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Large granular lymphocytic leukemia	2A90.1	Approved	[2]
Leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[2]
MALT lymphoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Multiple myeloma	2A83	Approved	[3]
Nodal marginal zone lymphoma	2A85.0	Approved	[2]
Pain	MG30-MG3Z	Approved	[2]
Plasma cell myeloma	2A83.1	Approved	[2]
Primary cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Prolymphocytic leukaemia	2A82.1	Approved	[2]
Recurrent adult burkitt lymphoma	2A85.6	Approved	[2]
Small intestine lymphoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Testicular lymphoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Urinary bladder neoplasm	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia	2A85.4	Approved	[2]
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)	1D6Y	Phase 3	[4]
Colon cancer	2B90.Z	Investigative	[2]

Lenalidomide Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)	TTF8CQI	TNFA_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[6]

Lenalidomide Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]

Lenalidomide Interacts with 13 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1)	OT4GLCXW	FGFR1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[8]
Interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL1R1)	OTTU8959	IL1R1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A)	OT2D9DOV	TNR1A_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B (TNFRSF1B)	OTDS2EAR	TNR1B_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2)	OTLOPACK	FGFR2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3)	OTSAXDIL	FGFR3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Proteinase-activated receptor 1 (F2R)	OT4WVWBO	PAR1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
TGF-beta receptor type-1 (TGFBR1)	OT40S1SJ	TGFR1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Interleukin-6 receptor subunit beta (IL6ST)	OT1N9C70	IL6RB_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Angiopoietin-1 receptor (TEK)	OT78YN57	TIE2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1)	OTTR2L3Z	DDB1_HUMAN	Affects Binding	[10]
Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4)	OTC08PR5	SALL4_HUMAN	Affects Binding	[11]
Protein cereblon (CRBN)	OTXH9MDC	CRBN_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[12]

Indication(s) of Raloxifene

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Osteoporosis	FB83.0	Approved	[5]

Raloxifene Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Estrogen receptor (ESR)	TTZAYWL	ESR1_HUMAN	Modulator	[13]

Raloxifene Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]

Raloxifene Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[15]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)	DEYGVN4	UD11_HUMAN	Metabolism	[16]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10 (UGT1A10)	DEL5N6Y	UD110_HUMAN	Metabolism	[17]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Astrocytoma	DCPS20I	U251	Investigative	[18]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	DCAHB7Q	TK-10	Investigative	[18]
Glioma	DCEE145	SF-268	Investigative	[18]
Amelanotic melanoma	DC9Q6MU	MDA-MB-435	Investigative	[1]
Lung adenocarcinoma	DCLOB17	HOP-62	Investigative	[1]
Minimally invasive lung adenocarcinoma	DCT4W2O	NCI-H322M	Investigative	[1]

References

• [1] Loss of function mutations in VARS encoding cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetase cause microcephaly, seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy.Hum Genet. 2018 Apr;137(4):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s00439-018-1882-3. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
• [2] Lenalidomide FDA Label
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7331).
• [4] Low-dose Lenalidomide for Non-severe COVID-19 Treatment Trial (GETAFE)
• [5] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [6] Thalidomide and thalidomide analogues for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Apr 15;(2):CD007351.
• [7] DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. (ID: DB00480)
• [8] Thalidomide and Its Analogs Differentially Target Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors: Thalidomide Suppresses FGFR Gene Expression while Pomalidomide Dampens FGFR2 Activity. Chem Res Toxicol. 2019 Apr 15;32(4):589-602. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00286. Epub 2019 Mar 15.
• [9] Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in multiple myeloma: implications and significance. Blood. 2005 Apr 15;105(8):3286-94. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-06-2101. Epub 2004 Dec 23.
• [10] Structure of the human Cereblon-DDB1-lenalidomide complex reveals basis for responsiveness to thalidomide analogs. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2014 Sep;21(9):803-9. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2874. Epub 2014 Aug 10.
• [11] Thalidomide promotes degradation of SALL4, a transcription factor implicated in Duane Radial Ray syndrome. Elife. 2018 Aug 1;7:e38430. doi: 10.7554/eLife.38430.
• [12] A Dual Color Immunohistochemistry Assay for Measurement of Cereblon in Multiple Myeloma Patient Samples. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2016 Nov/Dec;24(10):695-702. doi: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000246.
• [13] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 620).
• [14] Influence of hepatic and intestinal efflux transporters and their genetic variants on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of raloxifene in osteoporosis treatment. Transl Res. 2012 Oct;160(4):298-308.
• [15] The role of P-glycoprotein in the bioactivation of raloxifene. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Dec;34(12):2073-8.
• [16] Drug-drug interactions for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates: a pharmacokinetic explanation for typically observed low exposure (AUCi/AUC) ratios. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Nov;32(11):1201-8.
• [17] Characterization of raloxifene glucuronidation: potential role of UGT1A8 genotype on raloxifene metabolism in vivo. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2013 Jul;6(7):719-30.
• [18] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.