Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC8QIF7)

• Drug Combination Name: Zaleplon + Tetracycline
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Zaleplon (DMGFWSM): Small molecular drug
  Tetracycline (DMZA017): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 20.18
  Bliss Independence Score: 20.18
  Loewe Additivity Score: 33.98
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 34

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Zaleplon

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Insomnia	7A00-7A0Z	Approved	[2]
Sleep disorder, initiating and maintaining sleep	N.A.	Investigative	[3]

Zaleplon Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
GABA(A) receptor alpha-1 (GABRA1)	TT1MPAY	GBRA1_HUMAN	Modulator	[6]

Zaleplon Interacts with 4 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[7]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7)	DERD86B	CP3A7_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]
Aldehyde oxidase (AOX1)	DEAWHS8	AOXA_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]

Indication(s) of Tetracycline

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[4]
Actinomycosis	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Acute gonococcal cervicitis	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Acute gonococcal epididymo-orchitis	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Bacterial infection	1A00-1C4Z	Approved	[5]
Bronchitis	CA20	Approved	[4]
Brucellosis	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Lymphogranuloma venereum	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Ornithosis	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Pneumonia	CA40	Approved	[4]
Q fever	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Relapsing fever	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Rickettsialpox	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Rocky mountain spotted fever	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Syphilis	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Trachoma	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Typhus	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Urinary tract infection	GC08	Approved	[4]
Yaws	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Pelvic inflammatory disease	GA05	Investigative	[4]
Sinusitis	CA0A.Z	Investigative	[4]

Tetracycline Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Staphylococcus 30S ribosomal subunit (Stap-coc pbp2)	TTQ8KVI	F4NA87_STAAU	Binder	[11]

Tetracycline Interacts with 5 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]
Organic anion transporter 2 (SLC22A7)	DT0OC1Q	S22A7_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]
Organic anion transporter 3 (SLC22A8)	DTVP67E	S22A8_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]
Organic anion transporter 4 (SLC22A11)	DT06JWZ	S22AB_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]

Tetracycline Interacts with 44 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Solute carrier family 22 member 7 (SLC22A7)	OTKTNH1W	S22A7_HUMAN	Increases Transport	[15]
Organic anion transporter 3 (SLC22A8)	OT8BY933	S22A8_HUMAN	Increases Uptake	[14]
Glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP1)	OTLP0A0Y	GSTP1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[16]
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 (GSTM3)	OTLA2WJT	GSTM3_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[16]
Nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1)	OT4FU8C0	NUPR1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (SERPINA3)	OT9BP2S0	AACT_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Asparagine synthetase (ASNS)	OT8R922G	ASNS_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Inhibin beta E chain (INHBE)	OTOI2NYG	INHBE_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
AP-1 complex subunit sigma-1A (AP1S1)	OTQ2H8DN	AP1S1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Transgelin (TAGLN)	OTAEZ0KP	TAGL_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 4 (FNDC4)	OTOQK0WK	FNDC4_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Protein DEPP1 (DEPP1)	OTB36PHJ	DEPP1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
Alternative prion protein (PRNP)	OTE85L1Q	APRIO_HUMAN	Affects Binding	[18]
Claudin-11 (CLDN11)	OTNN6UTL	CLD11_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
72 kDa type IV collagenase (MMP2)	OT5NIWA2	MMP2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[20]
Stromelysin-1 (MMP3)	OTGBI74Z	MMP3_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[20]
Integrin alpha-5 (ITGA5)	OT3RCI67	ITA5_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[19]
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1)	OT6UQV2K	IBP1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[21]
Integrin alpha-M (ITGAM)	OTAG6HWU	ITAM_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha (TOP2A)	OT6LPS08	TOP2A_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[22]
Integrin alpha-L (ITGAL)	OTCUQAIS	ITAL_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Neutrophil collagenase (MMP8)	OTZXH19L	MMP8_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[20]
Integrin alpha-3 (ITGA3)	OTBCH21D	ITA3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[23]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[23]
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBF1)	OTWBRPAI	SRBP1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[21]
Collagenase 3 (MMP13)	OTY8BZIE	MMP13_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[20]
Gap junction alpha-8 protein (GJA8)	OTZCPRKD	CXA8_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit (MTTP)	OTNUVSDT	MTP_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[21]
Claudin-15 (CLDN15)	OT9K0KI7	CLD15_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Claudin-6 (CLDN6)	OTEN8ID2	CLD6_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Claudin-8 (CLDN8)	OT7IIWXG	CLD8_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Claudin-2 (CLDN2)	OTRF3D6Y	CLD2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Claudin-10 (CLDN10)	OT2CVAKY	CLD10_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme (EHHADH)	OTBAAHL5	ECHP_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[21]
Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2)	OTE5PDD0	DGAT2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]
Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 4 (NOTCH4)	OTBCHB61	NOTC4_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)	OTTRZGU7	ACE2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[24]
Gap junction delta-2 protein (GJD2)	OTDR288R	CXD2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 (NOTCH3)	OTMVVA7F	NOTC3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Solute carrier family 22 member 6 (SLC22A6)	OTKRCBVM	S22A6_HUMAN	Increases Export	[14]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 4 (ABCC4)	OTO27PAL	MRP4_HUMAN	Increases Transport	[25]
Organic anion transporter 7 (SLC22A9)	OTO4BJCC	S22A9_HUMAN	Increases Export	[14]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4345).
• [3] Zaleplon FDA Label
• [4] Tetracycline FDA Label
• [5] How many modes of action should an antibiotic have Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2008 Oct;8(5):564-73.
• [6] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
• [7] Metabolism of zaleplon by human liver: evidence for involvement of aldehyde oxidase. Xenobiotica. 2002 Oct;32(10):835-47.
• [8] Drug Interactions Flockhart Table
• [9] Characterization of aldehyde oxidase enzyme activity in cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2012 Feb;40(2):267-75.
• [10] Determination of phospholipidosis potential based on gene expression analysis in HepG2 cells. Toxicol Sci. 2007 Mar;96(1):101-14.
• [11] The glycylcyclines: a comparative review with the tetracyclines. Drugs. 2004;64(1):63-88.
• [12] Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jan 1;370(1):153-64.
• [13] Arginine-482 is not essential for transport of antibiotics, primary bile acids and unconjugated sterols by the human breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2). Biochem J. 2005 Jan 15;385(Pt 2):419-26.
• [14] Human organic anion transporters mediate the transport of tetracycline. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2002 Jan;88(1):69-76.
• [15] Transport mechanism and substrate specificity of human organic anion transporter 2 (hOat2 [SLC22A7]). J Pharm Pharmacol. 2005 May;57(5):573-8.
• [16] Inhibition of glutathione S-transferases by antimalarial drugs possible implications for circumventing anticancer drug resistance. Int J Cancer. 2002 Feb 10;97(5):700-5.
• [17] A comprehensive in vitro and in silico analysis of antibiotics that activate pregnane X receptor and induce CYP3A4 in liver and intestine. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Aug;36(8):1689-97.
• [18] Tetracycline affects abnormal properties of synthetic PrP peptides and PrP(Sc) in vitro. J Mol Biol. 2000 Jul 28;300(5):1309-22. doi: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.3840.
• [19] Effects of residual levels of tetracycline on the barrier functions of human intestinal epithelial cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017 Nov;109(Pt 1):253-263. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.09.004. Epub 2017 Sep 4.
• [20] Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of targeted tetracycline derivatives: effects on inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007 Mar 15;15(6):2368-74. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.01.026. Epub 2007 Jan 19.
• [21] Advantageous use of HepaRG cells for the screening and mechanistic study of drug-induced steatosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2016 Jul 1;302:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.04.007. Epub 2016 Apr 16.
• [22] Old drug, new target: ellipticines selectively inhibit RNA polymerase I transcription. J Biol Chem. 2013 Feb 15;288(7):4567-82. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.411611. Epub 2013 Jan 4.
• [23] Increased hepatic Fatty Acid uptake and esterification contribute to tetracycline-induced steatosis in mice. Toxicol Sci. 2015 Jun;145(2):273-82. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv049. Epub 2015 Mar 4.
• [24] Effect of common medications on the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors in liver tissue. Arch Toxicol. 2020 Dec;94(12):4037-4041. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02869-1. Epub 2020 Aug 17.
• [25] Multichannel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry cocktail method for comprehensive substrate characterization of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 transporter. Pharm Res. 2007 Dec;24(12):2281-96.