Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC9T0X0)

• Drug Combination Name: Glimepiride + Sitagliptin
• Indication: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Status: Phase 3 [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Glimepiride (DM5FSJA): Small molecular drug
  Sitagliptin (DMGDKXN): Small molecular drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Glimepiride

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Diabetic complication	5A2Y	Approved	[2]

Glimepiride Interacts with 2 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
ATP-binding cassette transporter C9 (ABCC9)	TTEF5MJ	ABCC9_HUMAN	Blocker	[6]
ATP-binding cassette transporter C8 (ABCC8)	TTP835K	ABCC8_HUMAN	Blocker	[6]

Glimepiride Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)	DTJ0EW4	ABCBB_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]

Glimepiride Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]

Glimepiride Interacts with 13 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)	OTRU7THO	ABCBB_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3)	OTU2SXBA	AK1C3_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[10]
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 (AKR1C1)	OTQKR4CM	AK1C1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[10]
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 (NR1I2)	OTC5U0N5	NR1I2_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[11]
Insulin (INS)	OTZ85PDU	INS_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[12]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53)	OTIE1VH3	P53_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
Calpain-1 catalytic subunit (CAPN1)	OTK6OQZR	CAN1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
Calpain-2 catalytic subunit (CAPN2)	OTIAPE5J	CAN2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G (HLA-G)	OTMLK1KN	HLAG_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[14]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
Calpain-10 (CAPN10)	OTS9LJW4	CAN10_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8 (ABCC8)	OTCWQ54I	ABCC8_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[15]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9 (ABCC9)	OTGAXLQN	ABCC9_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[15]

Indication(s) of Sitagliptin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Cystic fibrosis	CA25	Approved	[3]
Non-insulin dependent diabetes	5A11	Approved	[3]
Renal hypoplasia	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Type-2 diabetes	5A11	Approved	[4]
Peripheral arterial disease	BD4Z	Phase 1/2	[5]

Sitagliptin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4)	TTDIGC1	DPP4_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[16]

Sitagliptin Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[17]
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1)	DTT79CX	S22A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[18]
Organic anion transporter 3 (SLC22A8)	DTVP67E	S22A8_HUMAN	Substrate	[19]

Sitagliptin Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[20]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DES5XRU	CP2C8_HUMAN	Metabolism	[20]

References

• [1] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01177384) Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Addition of Sitagliptin in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Acarbose Monotherapy (MK-0431-130)
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6820).
• [3] Sitagliptin FDA Label
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6286).
• [5] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01619332) Clinical Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of LEZ763. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [6] Mechanism of disopyramide-induced hypoglycaemia in a patient with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2009 Jan;26(1):76-8.
• [7] Early identification of clinically relevant drug interactions with the human bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11). Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):328-43.
• [8] Effect of CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of glimepiride in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006 May;72(2):148-54.
• [9] Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Dec; 118(2):485-500.
• [10] Initro inhibition of AKR1Cs by sulphonylureas and the structural basis. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Oct 5;240:310-5.
• [11] Screening of a chemical library reveals novel PXR-activating pharmacologic compounds. Toxicol Lett. 2015 Jan 5;232(1):193-202. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.009. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
• [12] Effects of prolonged in vitro exposure to sulphonylureas on the function and survival of human islets. J Diabetes Complications. 2005 Jan-Feb;19(1):60-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2004.05.001.
• [13] A potential role of calpains in sulfonylureas (SUs) -mediated death of human pancreatic cancer cells (1.2B4). Toxicol In Vitro. 2021 Jun;73:105128. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105128. Epub 2021 Feb 27.
• [14] Systems pharmacological analysis of drugs inducing stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 May 18;28(5):927-34. doi: 10.1021/tx5005248. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
• [15] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [16] Novel therapeutics for type 2 diabetes: incretin hormone mimetics (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Oct;124(1):113-38.
• [17] Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2018 Classic Shirt-Pocket Edition.
• [18] 265 effect of dietary cholesterol on gallbladder bile lithogenicity and gene expression in the enterohepatic axis of non-obese gallstone and control women. Journal of Hepatology, 2009, 50(09):S105-S106.
• [19] Transport of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin by human organic anion transporter 3, organic anion transporting polypeptide 4C1, and multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 May;321(2):673-83.
• [20] Pharmacokinetics of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010 Aug;12(8):648-58.