General Information of Drug Off-Target (DOT) (ID: OTRU7THO)

DOT Name Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)
Synonyms EC 7.6.2.-; ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 11
Gene Name ABCB11
Related Disease
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 ( )
Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 ( )
UniProt ID
ABCBB_HUMAN
3D Structure
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2D Sequence (FASTA)
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3D Structure (PDB)
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PDB ID
6LR0; 7DV5; 7E1A; 8PM6; 8PMD; 8PMJ
EC Number
7.6.2.-
Pfam ID
PF00664 ; PF00005
Sequence
MSDSVILRSIKKFGEENDGFESDKSYNNDKKSRLQDEKKGDGVRVGFFQLFRFSSSTDIW
LMFVGSLCAFLHGIAQPGVLLIFGTMTDVFIDYDVELQELQIPGKACVNNTIVWTNSSLN
QNMTNGTRCGLLNIESEMIKFASYYAGIAVAVLITGYIQICFWVIAAARQIQKMRKFYFR
RIMRMEIGWFDCNSVGELNTRFSDDINKINDAIADQMALFIQRMTSTICGFLLGFFRGWK
LTLVIISVSPLIGIGAATIGLSVSKFTDYELKAYAKAGVVADEVISSMRTVAAFGGEKRE
VERYEKNLVFAQRWGIRKGIVMGFFTGFVWCLIFLCYALAFWYGSTLVLDEGEYTPGTLV
QIFLSVIVGALNLGNASPCLEAFATGRAAATSIFETIDRKPIIDCMSEDGYKLDRIKGEI
EFHNVTFHYPSRPEVKILNDLNMVIKPGEMTALVGPSGAGKSTALQLIQRFYDPCEGMVT
VDGHDIRSLNIQWLRDQIGIVEQEPVLFSTTIAENIRYGREDATMEDIVQAAKEANAYNF
IMDLPQQFDTLVGEGGGQMSGGQKQRVAIARALIRNPKILLLDMATSALDNESEAMVQEV
LSKIQHGHTIISVAHRLSTVRAADTIIGFEHGTAVERGTHEELLERKGVYFTLVTLQSQG
NQALNEEDIKDATEDDMLARTFSRGSYQDSLRASIRQRSKSQLSYLVHEPPLAVVDHKST
YEEDRKDKDIPVQEEVEPAPVRRILKFSAPEWPYMLVGSVGAAVNGTVTPLYAFLFSQIL
GTFSIPDKEEQRSQINGVCLLFVAMGCVSLFTQFLQGYAFAKSGELLTKRLRKFGFRAML
GQDIAWFDDLRNSPGALTTRLATDASQVQGAAGSQIGMIVNSFTNVTVAMIIAFSFSWKL
SLVILCFFPFLALSGATQTRMLTGFASRDKQALEMVGQITNEALSNIRTVAGIGKERRFI
EALETELEKPFKTAIQKANIYGFCFAFAQCIMFIANSASYRYGGYLISNEGLHFSYVFRV
ISAVVLSATALGRAFSYTPSYAKAKISAARFFQLLDRQPPISVYNTAGEKWDNFQGKIDF
VDCKFTYPSRPDSQVLNGLSVSISPGQTLAFVGSSGCGKSTSIQLLERFYDPDQGKVMID
GHDSKKVNVQFLRSNIGIVSQEPVLFACSIMDNIKYGDNTKEIPMERVIAAAKQAQLHDF
VMSLPEKYETNVGSQGSQLSRGEKQRIAIARAIVRDPKILLLDEATSALDTESEKTVQVA
LDKAREGRTCIVIAHRLSTIQNADIIAVMAQGVVIEKGTHEELMAQKGAYYKLVTTGSPI
S
Function
Catalyzes the transport of the major hydrophobic bile salts, such as taurine and glycine-conjugated cholic acid across the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes in an ATP-dependent manner, therefore participates in hepatic bile acid homeostasis and consequently to lipid homeostasis through regulation of biliary lipid secretion in a bile salts dependent manner. Transports taurine-conjugated bile salts more rapidly than glycine-conjugated bile salts. Also transports non-bile acid compounds, such as pravastatin and fexofenadine in an ATP-dependent manner and may be involved in their biliary excretion.
Tissue Specificity Expressed predominantly, if not exclusively in the liver, where it was further localized to the canalicular microvilli and to subcanalicular vesicles of the hepatocytes by in situ.
KEGG Pathway
Endocrine resistance (hsa01522 )
ABC transporters (hsa02010 )
Bile secretion (hsa04976 )
Cholesterol metabolism (hsa04979 )
Reactome Pathway
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol (R-HSA-193368 )
Defective ABCB11 causes PFIC2 and BRIC2 (R-HSA-5678520 )
Recycling of bile acids and salts (R-HSA-159418 )

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This DOT

2 Disease(s) Related to This DOT
Disease Name Disease ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 DISU4A6Q Definitive Autosomal recessive [1]
Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 DISCNRNR Strong Autosomal recessive [2]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This DOT
This DOT Affected the Regulation of Drug Effects of 2 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Interaction REF
Ginsenoside Re DM46FVD Investigative Bile salt export pump (ABCB11) increases the transport of Ginsenoside Re. [29]
Glycocholic acid DM0SXNM Investigative Bile salt export pump (ABCB11) affects the transport of Glycocholic acid. [30]
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1 Drug(s) Affected the Post-Translational Modifications of This DOT
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Interaction REF
Valproate DMCFE9I Approved Valproate decreases the methylation of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [3]
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99 Drug(s) Affected the Gene/Protein Processing of This DOT
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Interaction REF
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Approved Ciclosporin decreases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [4]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Approved Tretinoin increases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [5]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Approved Acetaminophen decreases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [6]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Approved Quercetin decreases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [7]
Triclosan DMZUR4N Approved Triclosan decreases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [8]
Phenobarbital DMXZOCG Approved Phenobarbital decreases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [9]
Progesterone DMUY35B Approved Progesterone decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Menadione DMSJDTY Approved Menadione decreases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [7]
Dexamethasone DMMWZET Approved Dexamethasone increases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [11]
Troglitazone DM3VFPD Approved Troglitazone decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [12]
Diethylstilbestrol DMN3UXQ Approved Diethylstilbestrol decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Rosiglitazone DMILWZR Approved Rosiglitazone decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Ethanol DMDRQZU Approved Ethanol decreases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [14]
Paclitaxel DMLB81S Approved Paclitaxel decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Approved Diclofenac decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Dasatinib DMJV2EK Approved Dasatinib decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [15]
Clozapine DMFC71L Approved Clozapine decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [16]
Indomethacin DMSC4A7 Approved Indomethacin decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Ethinyl estradiol DMODJ40 Approved Ethinyl estradiol decreases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [17]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Approved Simvastatin decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Obeticholic acid DM3Q1SM Approved Obeticholic acid increases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [18]
Fenofibrate DMFKXDY Approved Fenofibrate decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Rifampicin DM5DSFZ Approved Rifampicin decreases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [9]
Mifepristone DMGZQEF Approved Mifepristone decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [15]
Vinblastine DM5TVS3 Approved Vinblastine decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Pioglitazone DMKJ485 Approved Pioglitazone decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Liothyronine DM6IR3P Approved Liothyronine decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [19]
Bicalutamide DMZMSPF Approved Bicalutamide decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [19]
Sorafenib DMS8IFC Approved Sorafenib decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Ursodeoxycholic acid DMCUT21 Approved Ursodeoxycholic acid increases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [20]
Gefitinib DM15F0X Approved Gefitinib decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Approved Imatinib decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Ritonavir DMU764S Approved Ritonavir decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Nefazodone DM4ZS8M Approved Nefazodone decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [21]
Chenodiol DMQ8JIK Approved Chenodiol increases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [22]
Bosentan DMIOGBU Approved Bosentan decreases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [23]
Lovastatin DM9OZWQ Approved Lovastatin decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [15]
Bezafibrate DMZDCS0 Approved Bezafibrate decreases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [24]
Olanzapine DMPFN6Y Approved Olanzapine decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [16]
Deoxycholic acid DM3GYAL Approved Deoxycholic acid increases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [20]
Tacrolimus DMZ7XNQ Approved Tacrolimus decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [15]
Atazanavir DMSYRBX Approved Atazanavir decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Methimazole DM25FL8 Approved Methimazole increases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [25]
Omeprazole DM471KJ Approved Omeprazole decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Clotrimazole DMMFCIH Approved Clotrimazole decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Nifedipine DMSVOZT Approved Nifedipine decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Clavulanate DM2FGRT Approved Clavulanate decreases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [7]
Lapatinib DM3BH1Y Approved Lapatinib decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Clofibrate DMPC1J7 Approved Clofibrate decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Nelfinavir mesylate DMFX6G8 Approved Nelfinavir mesylate decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Efavirenz DMC0GSJ Approved Efavirenz decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Naproxen DMZ5RGV Approved Naproxen decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Erythromycin DM4K7GQ Approved Erythromycin decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Budesonide DMJIBAW Approved Budesonide decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Atenolol DMNKG1Z Approved Atenolol decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Loratadine DMF3AN7 Approved Loratadine decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [15]
Flucloxacillin DMNUWST Approved Flucloxacillin decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Reserpine DM6VM38 Approved Reserpine decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Salbutamol DMN9CWF Approved Salbutamol increases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [26]
Tolcapone DM8MNVO Approved Tolcapone decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Benzbromarone DMC3YUA Approved Benzbromarone decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Spironolactone DM2AQ5N Approved Spironolactone decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Dobutamine DMD1B8Z Approved Dobutamine decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [19]
Zafirlukast DMHNQOG Approved Zafirlukast decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [15]
Cholic acid DM7OKQV Approved Cholic acid increases the expression of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [20]
Cetrorelix DMFD9Q6 Approved Cetrorelix decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [15]
Felodipine DMOSW35 Approved Felodipine decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Indinavir DM0T3YH Approved Indinavir decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Glibenclamide DM8JXPZ Approved Glibenclamide decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [27]
Primaquine DMWQ16I Approved Primaquine decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Dipyridamole DMXY30O Approved Dipyridamole decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [15]
Atropine DMEN6X7 Approved Atropine decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Bromfenac DMKB79O Approved Bromfenac decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [16]
Ofloxacin DM0VQN3 Approved Ofloxacin decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Clarithromycin DM4M1SG Approved Clarithromycin decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Lopinavir DMITQS0 Approved Lopinavir decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Octreotide DMHIDCJ Approved Octreotide decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [15]
Glimepiride DM5FSJA Approved Glimepiride decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Ezetimibe DM7A8TW Approved Ezetimibe decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Pazopanib DMF57DM Approved Pazopanib decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Pitavastatin DMJH792 Approved Pitavastatin decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Isradipine DMA5XGH Approved Isradipine decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Danazol DML8KTN Approved Danazol decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [15]
Norethindrone DMTY169 Approved Norethindrone decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Primidone DM0WX6I Approved Primidone decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [19]
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate DM4Q80H Approved Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Itraconazole DMCR1MV Approved Itraconazole decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Saquinavir DMG814N Approved Saquinavir decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Luvox DMJKROX Approved Luvox decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Midazolam DMXOELT Approved Midazolam decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Pimecrolimus DMZLGRB Approved Pimecrolimus decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [15]
Sulfamethoxazole DMB08GE Approved Sulfamethoxazole decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Nitrofurantoin DM7PQIK Approved Nitrofurantoin decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Sulfinpyrazone DMEV954 Approved Sulfinpyrazone decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [10]
Tolvaptan DMIWFRL Approved Tolvaptan decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [28]
Amprenavir DMLMXE0 Approved Amprenavir decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Cisapride DMY7PED Approved Cisapride decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [15]
Nitrendipine DM21C09 Approved Nitrendipine decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [13]
Repaglinide DM5SXUV Approved Repaglinide decreases the activity of Bile salt export pump (ABCB11). [15]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 99 Drug(s)

References

1 Hepatocanalicular bile salt export pump deficiency in patients with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Gastroenterology. 1999 Dec;117(6):1370-9. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5085(99)70287-8.
2 Targeted inactivation of sister of P-glycoprotein gene (spgp) in mice results in nonprogressive but persistent intrahepatic cholestasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Feb 13;98(4):2011-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.98.4.2011. Epub 2001 Feb 6.
3 Integrative omics data analyses of repeated dose toxicity of valproic acid in vitro reveal new mechanisms of steatosis induction. Toxicology. 2018 Jan 15;393:160-170.
4 Different dose-dependent mechanisms are involved in early cyclosporine a-induced cholestatic effects in hepaRG cells. Toxicol Sci. 2014 Sep;141(1):244-53. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu122. Epub 2014 Jun 27.
5 Transcriptional and Metabolic Dissection of ATRA-Induced Granulocytic Differentiation in NB4 Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells. Cells. 2020 Nov 5;9(11):2423. doi: 10.3390/cells9112423.
6 Gene expression analysis of precision-cut human liver slices indicates stable expression of ADME-Tox related genes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 May 15;253(1):57-69.
7 Molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxic cholestasis by clavulanic acid: Role of NRF2 and FXR pathways. Food Chem Toxicol. 2021 Dec;158:112664. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112664. Epub 2021 Nov 9.
8 Primary Human Hepatocyte Spheroids as Tools to Study the Hepatotoxic Potential of Non-Pharmaceutical Chemicals. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Oct 12;22(20):11005. doi: 10.3390/ijms222011005.
9 Differential regulation of sinusoidal and canalicular hepatic drug transporter expression by xenobiotics activating drug-sensing receptors in primary human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Oct;34(10):1756-63. doi: 10.1124/dmd.106.010033. Epub 2006 Jul 12.
10 Early identification of clinically relevant drug interactions with the human bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11). Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):328-43.
11 The role of lithocholic acid in the regulation of bile acid detoxication, synthesis, and transport proteins in rat and human intestine and liver slices. Toxicol In Vitro. 2011 Feb;25(1):80-90.
12 Contribution of high basolateral bile salt efflux to the lack of hepatotoxicity in rat in response to drugs inducing cholestasis in human. Toxicol Sci. 2010 May;115(1):80-8. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq044. Epub 2010 Feb 10.
13 Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Dec; 118(2):485-500.
14 Alcohol triggered bile acid disequilibrium by suppressing BSEP to sustain hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Chem Biol Interact. 2022 Apr 1;356:109847. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109847. Epub 2022 Feb 9.
15 A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Nov;136(1):216-41.
16 In vitro approach to assess the potential for risk of idiosyncratic adverse reactions caused by candidate drugs. Chem Res Toxicol. 2012 Aug 20;25(8):1616-32. doi: 10.1021/tx300091x. Epub 2012 May 31.
17 UDCA and CDCA alleviate 17-ethinylestradiol-induced cholestasis through PKA-AMPK pathways in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2016 Nov 15;311:12-25. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.10.011. Epub 2016 Oct 12.
18 The methyl transferase PRMT1 functions as co-activator of farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/9-cis retinoid X receptor and regulates transcription of FXR responsive genes. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Aug;68(2):551-8. doi: 10.1124/mol.105.012104. Epub 2005 May 23.
19 Evaluating the Role of Multidrug Resistance Protein 3 (MDR3) Inhibition in Predicting Drug-Induced Liver Injury Using 125 Pharmaceuticals. Chem Res Toxicol. 2017 May 15;30(5):1219-1229. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00048. Epub 2017 May 4.
20 The farnesoid X receptor controls gene expression in a ligand- and promoter-selective fashion. J Biol Chem. 2004 Mar 5;279(10):8856-61. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M306422200. Epub 2003 Dec 18.
21 Inhibition of hepatobiliary transport as a predictive method for clinical hepatotoxicity of nefazodone. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Apr;90(2):451-9. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj095. Epub 2006 Jan 12.
22 Retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist-induced antagonism of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activity due to absence of coactivator recruitment and decreased DNA binding. J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar 21;278(12):10028-32. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M208312200. Epub 2003 Jan 7.
23 Omics-based responses induced by bosentan in human hepatoma HepaRG cell cultures. Arch Toxicol. 2018 Jun;92(6):1939-1952.
24 Bezafibrate stimulates canalicular localization of NBD-labeled PC in HepG2 cells by PPARalpha-mediated redistribution of ABCB4. J Lipid Res. 2004 Oct;45(10):1813-25. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M400132-JLR200. Epub 2004 Jul 16.
25 Blood cell oxidative stress precedes hemolysis in whole blood-liver slice co-cultures of rat, dog, and human tissues. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2010 May 1;244(3):354-65. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.01.017. Epub 2010 Feb 6.
26 Carvedilol impairs bile acid homeostasis in mice: implication for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Toxicol Sci. 2023 Nov 28;196(2):200-217. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad088.
27 Potential cholestatic activity of various therapeutic agents assessed by bile canalicular membrane vesicles isolated from rats and humans. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2003;18(1):16-22.
28 Inhibition of Human Hepatic Bile Acid Transporters by Tolvaptan and Metabolites: Contributing Factors to Drug-Induced Liver Injury?. Toxicol Sci. 2016 Jan;149(1):237-50. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv231. Epub 2015 Oct 26.
29 Molecular mechanisms governing different pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides and potential for ginsenoside-perpetrated herb-drug interactions on OATP1B3. Br J Pharmacol. 2015 Feb;172(4):1059-73. doi: 10.1111/bph.12971. Epub 2015 Jan 20.
30 Two common PFIC2 mutations are associated with the impaired membrane trafficking of BSEP/ABCB11. Hepatology. 2005 Apr;41(4):916-24. doi: 10.1002/hep.20627.