Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCAWVV0)

• Drug Combination Name: Lenalidomide + Nilotinib
• Indication: Melanoma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Lenalidomide (DM6Q7U4): Small molecular drug
  Nilotinib (DM7HXWT): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: MALME-3M
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 1.19
  Bliss Independence Score: 4.38
  Loewe Additivity Score: 2.75
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 2.32

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Lenalidomide

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Advanced cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[2]
Complex regional pain syndrome type 1	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Large granular lymphocytic leukemia	2A90.1	Approved	[2]
Leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[2]
MALT lymphoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Multiple myeloma	2A83	Approved	[3]
Nodal marginal zone lymphoma	2A85.0	Approved	[2]
Pain	MG30-MG3Z	Approved	[2]
Plasma cell myeloma	2A83.1	Approved	[2]
Primary cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Prolymphocytic leukaemia	2A82.1	Approved	[2]
Recurrent adult burkitt lymphoma	2A85.6	Approved	[2]
Small intestine lymphoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Testicular lymphoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Urinary bladder neoplasm	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia	2A85.4	Approved	[2]
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)	1D6Y	Phase 3	[4]
Colon cancer	2B90.Z	Investigative	[2]

Lenalidomide Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)	TTF8CQI	TNFA_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[6]

Lenalidomide Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]

Lenalidomide Interacts with 13 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1)	OT4GLCXW	FGFR1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[8]
Interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL1R1)	OTTU8959	IL1R1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A)	OT2D9DOV	TNR1A_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B (TNFRSF1B)	OTDS2EAR	TNR1B_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2)	OTLOPACK	FGFR2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3)	OTSAXDIL	FGFR3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Proteinase-activated receptor 1 (F2R)	OT4WVWBO	PAR1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
TGF-beta receptor type-1 (TGFBR1)	OT40S1SJ	TGFR1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Interleukin-6 receptor subunit beta (IL6ST)	OT1N9C70	IL6RB_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Angiopoietin-1 receptor (TEK)	OT78YN57	TIE2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1)	OTTR2L3Z	DDB1_HUMAN	Affects Binding	[10]
Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4)	OTC08PR5	SALL4_HUMAN	Affects Binding	[11]
Protein cereblon (CRBN)	OTXH9MDC	CRBN_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[12]

Indication(s) of Nilotinib

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Chronic myelogenous leukaemia	2A20.0	Approved	[5]

Nilotinib Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Fusion protein Bcr-Abl (Bcr-Abl)	TTS7G69	BCR_HUMAN-ABL1_HUMAN	Modulator	[16]

Nilotinib Interacts with 5 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2)	DTFI42L	MRP2_HUMAN	Substrate	[17]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[18]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[17]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1)	DT3D8F0	SO1B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[19]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (SLCO1B3)	DT9C1TS	SO1B3_HUMAN	Substrate	[19]

Nilotinib Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[20]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DES5XRU	CP2C8_HUMAN	Metabolism	[21]

Nilotinib Interacts with 35 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (ABCG2)	OTW8V2V1	ABCG2_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[22]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1)	OTEJROBO	MDR1_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[23]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[24]
Caspase-7 (CASP7)	OTAPJ040	CASP7_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[24]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)	OTZX881H	KCNH2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[24]
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA)	OT5CQPZY	ACACA_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[24]
Retinal dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH1A2)	OTJB560Z	AL1A2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[14]
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 (ABL1)	OT09YVXH	ABL1_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[15]
Protein c-Fos (FOS)	OTJBUVWS	FOS_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53)	OTIE1VH3	P53_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[25]
Transcription factor Jun (JUN)	OTCYBO6X	JUN_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Homeobox protein Hox-B7 (HOXB7)	OTC7WYU8	HXB7_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)	OT310QSG	PARP1_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[26]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2)	OT9DVHC0	BCL2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[26]
Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP (HSPA5)	OTFUIRAO	BIP_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Breakpoint cluster region protein (BCR)	OTCN76C1	BCR_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[27]
Transcription factor JunB (JUNB)	OTG2JXV5	JUNB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Homeobox protein Hox-B9 (HOXB9)	OTMVHQOU	HXB9_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha (ATF6)	OTAFHAVI	ATF6A_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[15]
Histidine decarboxylase (HDC)	OT4WA5YQ	DCHS_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[28]
Paired box protein Pax-3 (PAX3)	OTN5PJZV	PAX3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[14]
Alanine aminotransferase 1 (GPT)	OTOXOA0Q	ALAT1_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[29]
Paired box protein Pax-6 (PAX6)	OTOC9876	PAX6_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (DDIT3)	OTI8YKKE	DDIT3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Crk-like protein (CRKL)	OTOYSD1R	CRKL_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[15]
Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (GCLM)	OT6CP234	GSH0_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Homeobox protein MOX-1 (MEOX1)	OTJEMT2D	MEOX1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[14]
Caspase-9 (CASP9)	OTD4RFFG	CASP9_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[26]
Mesoderm posterior protein 2 (MESP2)	OT7H4LYA	MESP2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[14]
Transcription factor 15 (TCF15)	OTA6UCWC	TCF15_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[14]
Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 3 (OLIG3)	OTU8XLAF	OLIG3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
ER degradation-enhancing alpha-mannosidase-like protein 1 (EDEM1)	OTWHN69S	EDEM1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Eyes absent homolog 1 (EYA1)	OTHU807A	EYA1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[14]
Forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2)	OT83P1E0	FOXC2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[14]
Neurogenin-2 (NEUROG2)	OTAEMIGT	NGN2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Carcinoma	DCM2FO4	RXF 393	Investigative	[30]
Colon adenocarcinoma	DCSSX18	COLO 205	Investigative	[30]
Amelanotic melanoma	DCGJOU7	MDA-MB-435	Investigative	[1]

References

• [1] Loss of function mutations in VARS encoding cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetase cause microcephaly, seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy.Hum Genet. 2018 Apr;137(4):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s00439-018-1882-3. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
• [2] Lenalidomide FDA Label
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7331).
• [4] Low-dose Lenalidomide for Non-severe COVID-19 Treatment Trial (GETAFE)
• [5] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5697).
• [6] Thalidomide and thalidomide analogues for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Apr 15;(2):CD007351.
• [7] DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. (ID: DB00480)
• [8] Thalidomide and Its Analogs Differentially Target Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors: Thalidomide Suppresses FGFR Gene Expression while Pomalidomide Dampens FGFR2 Activity. Chem Res Toxicol. 2019 Apr 15;32(4):589-602. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00286. Epub 2019 Mar 15.
• [9] Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in multiple myeloma: implications and significance. Blood. 2005 Apr 15;105(8):3286-94. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-06-2101. Epub 2004 Dec 23.
• [10] Structure of the human Cereblon-DDB1-lenalidomide complex reveals basis for responsiveness to thalidomide analogs. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2014 Sep;21(9):803-9. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2874. Epub 2014 Aug 10.
• [11] Thalidomide promotes degradation of SALL4, a transcription factor implicated in Duane Radial Ray syndrome. Elife. 2018 Aug 1;7:e38430. doi: 10.7554/eLife.38430.
• [12] A Dual Color Immunohistochemistry Assay for Measurement of Cereblon in Multiple Myeloma Patient Samples. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2016 Nov/Dec;24(10):695-702. doi: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000246.
• [13] Assessment of the inhibition potential of Licochalcone A against human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Food Chem Toxicol. 2016 Apr;90:112-22.
• [14] Exposure-based assessment of chemical teratogenicity using morphogenetic aggregates of human embryonic stem cells. Reprod Toxicol. 2020 Jan;91:74-91. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.10.004. Epub 2019 Nov 8.
• [15] Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in imatinib-resistant leukemic K562-r cells triggered by AMN107 combined with arsenic trioxide. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2013 Aug 1;238(8):932-42. doi: 10.1177/1535370213492689. Epub 2013 Jul 24.
• [16] 2007 FDA drug approvals: a year of flux. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2008 Feb;7(2):107-9.
• [17] Interaction of nilotinib, dasatinib and bosutinib with ABCB1 and ABCG2: implications for altered anti-cancer effects and pharmacological properties. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Oct;158(4):1153-64.
• [18] KEGG: new perspectives on genomes, pathways, diseases and drugs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D353-D361. (dg:DG01665)
• [19] Contribution of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 to the disposition of sorafenib and sorafenib-glucuronide. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Mar 15;19(6):1458-66.
• [20] Drug interactions with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib. Blood. 2011 Feb 24;117(8):e75-87.
• [21] Role of cytochrome P450 2C8 in drug metabolism and interactions. Pharmacol Rev. 2016 Jan;68(1):168-241.
• [22] Resistance to daunorubicin, imatinib, or nilotinib depends on expression levels of ABCB1 and ABCG2 in human leukemia cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2014 Aug 5;219:203-10. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.06.009. Epub 2014 Jun 19.
• [23] Reversal of ABCB1 mediated efflux by imatinib and nilotinib in cells expressing various transporter levels. Chem Biol Interact. 2017 Aug 1;273:171-179. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.012. Epub 2017 Jun 13.
• [24] Multi-parameter in vitro toxicity testing of crizotinib, sunitinib, erlotinib, and nilotinib in human cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 Oct 1;272(1):245-55.
• [25] p53 Gene (NY-CO-13) Levels in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: The Role of Imatinib and Nilotinib. Diseases. 2018 Jan 25;6(1):13. doi: 10.3390/diseases6010013.
• [26] Nilotinib reduced the viability of human ovarian cancer cells via mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, independent of JNK activation. Toxicol In Vitro. 2016 Mar;31:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.11.002. Epub 2015 Nov 6.
• [27] AP24534, a pan-BCR-ABL inhibitor for chronic myeloid leukemia, potently inhibits the T315I mutant and overcomes mutation-based resistance. Cancer Cell. 2009 Nov 6;16(5):401-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.09.028.
• [28] The CML-related oncoprotein BCR/ABL induces expression of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and the synthesis of histamine in leukemic cells. Blood. 2006 Nov 15;108(10):3538-47. doi: 10.1182/blood-2005-12-028456. Epub 2006 Jul 18.
• [29] Cytotoxicity of 34 FDA approved small-molecule kinase inhibitors in primary rat and human hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Jul;291:138-148. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.010. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
• [30] Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.