Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCHHLUG)

• Drug Combination Name: Acadesine + Idarubicin
• Indication: Glioblastoma?; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Acadesine (DM1RMF5): Small molecular drug
  Idarubicin (DMM0XGL): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: T98G
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 15.16
  Bliss Independence Score: 15.16
  Loewe Additivity Score: 15.32
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 15.32

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Acadesine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Diabetic complication	5A2Y	Phase 3	[2]

Acadesine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)	TTLAFZV	AAPK1_HUMAN; AAKB1_HUMAN; AAKG1_HUMAN	Modulator	[5]

Acadesine Interacts with 8 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 (SLC2A1)	OTA675TJ	GTR1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Claudin-2 (CLDN2)	OTRF3D6Y	CLD2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Transforming protein RhoA (RHOA)	OT6YOJ9N	RHOA_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C)	OTZGF1Y5	MEF2C_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 (PRKAA1)	OT7TNF0L	AAPK1_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[8]
Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1)	OTOXWNV8	NRF1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[9]
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1)	OTAYZMOY	SIR1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[9]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A)	OTHCDQ22	PRGC1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[9]

Indication(s) of Idarubicin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[3]
Acute myeloid leukaemia	2A60	Approved	[4]
Adult acute monocytic leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Childhood acute megakaryoblastic leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[3]

Idarubicin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2)	TT0IHXV	TOP2A_HUMAN; TOP2B_HUMAN	Modulator	[11]

Idarubicin Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1)	DTSYQGK	MRP1_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]

Idarubicin Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[14]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[14]

Idarubicin Interacts with 9 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Estrogen receptor (ESR1)	OTKLU61J	ESR1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[10]
Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1)	OTC1W6UX	HMOX1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Androgen receptor (AR)	OTUBKAZZ	ANDR_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[10]
Natriuretic peptides B (NPPB)	OTSN2IPY	ANFB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)	OTHMARHO	PPARG_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[10]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[17]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD)	OTI4WTOP	PPARD_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[10]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)	OTZX881H	KCNH2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[18]
Bile acid receptor (NR1H4)	OTWZLPTB	NR1H4_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[10]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5133).
• [3] Idarubicin FDA Label
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7083).
• [5] Acadesine, an adenosine-regulating agent with the potential for widespread indications. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008 Aug;9(12):2137-44.
• [6] Enhanced insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis in response to insulin, metformin or rosiglitazone is associated with increased mRNA expression of GLUT4 and peroxisomal proliferator activator receptor gamma co-activator 1. Diabetologia. 2005 Jun;48(6):1173-9. doi: 10.1007/s00125-005-1741-3. Epub 2005 Apr 30.
• [7] Solasodine suppresses the metastasis of gastric cancer through claudin-2 via the AMPK/STAT3/NF-B pathway. Chem Biol Interact. 2023 Jul 1;379:110520. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110520. Epub 2023 Apr 28.
• [8] MicroRNA-122 down-regulation is involved in phenobarbital-mediated activation of the constitutive androstane receptor. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e41291. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041291. Epub 2012 Jul 18.
• [9] AMPK activator acadesine fails to alleviate isoniazid-caused mitochondrial instability in HepG2 cells. J Appl Toxicol. 2017 Oct;37(10):1219-1224. doi: 10.1002/jat.3483. Epub 2017 May 29.
• [10] Quantitative high-throughput profiling of environmental chemicals and drugs that modulate farnesoid X receptor. Sci Rep. 2014 Sep 26;4:6437. doi: 10.1038/srep06437.
• [11] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
• [12] Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
• [13] Amonafide L-malate is not a substrate for multidrug resistance proteins in secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2008 Nov;22(11):2110-5.
• [14] In vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions between cytarabine, idarubicin, itraconazole and caspofungin. Hematology. 2004 Jun;9(3):217-21.
• [15] A Quantitative Approach to Screen for Nephrotoxic Compounds In Vitro. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016 Apr;27(4):1015-28. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2015010060. Epub 2015 Aug 10.
• [16] The use of biochemical markers in cardiotoxicity monitoring in patients treated for leukemia. Neoplasma. 2005;52(5):430-4.
• [17] The induction of apoptosis by daunorubicin and idarubicin in human trisomic and diabetic fibroblasts. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2008;13(2):182-94. doi: 10.2478/s11658-007-0045-7. Epub 2008 Apr 10.
• [18] Refining the human iPSC-cardiomyocyte arrhythmic risk assessment model. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):581-94. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft205. Epub 2013 Sep 19.