Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCM5347)

• Drug Combination Name: GINKGOLIDE A + Zileuton
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  GINKGOLIDE A (DMKZJ7T): Small molecular drug
  Zileuton (DMVRIC2): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 17.4
  Bliss Independence Score: 17.4
  Loewe Additivity Score: 35.59
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 35.6

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of GINKGOLIDE A

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[2]

GINKGOLIDE A Interacts with 2 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Strychnine-binding glycine receptor (GLRA1)	TTF45NW	GLRA1_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[6]
Glycine receptor (GlyR)	TTZ8EM9	GLRA1_HUMAN; GLRA2_HUMAN; GLRA3_HUMAN; GLRA4_HUMAN; GLRB_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[6]

GINKGOLIDE A Interacts with 5 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 (NR1I2)	OTC5U0N5	NR1I2_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[5]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1)	OTEJROBO	MDR1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[5]
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[5]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6)	OTOYO4S7	CP2B6_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[5]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2 (ABCC2)	OTJSIGV5	MRP2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[5]

Indication(s) of Zileuton

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Allergic asthma	CA23.0	Approved	[3]
Asthma	CA23	Approved	[4]
Intrinsic asthma	N.A.	Approved	[3]

Zileuton Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX)	TT2J34L	LOX5_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[7]

Zileuton Interacts with 5 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[10]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 (UGT1A9)	DE85D2P	UD19_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (COX-1)	DE073H6	PGH1_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]

Zileuton Interacts with 8 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[11]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	OTLLBX48	CP1A2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[12]
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5)	OT7FOIK2	LOX5_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[13]
11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD11B2)	OTHF4H9U	DHI2_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[13]
Interleukin-6 (IL6)	OTUOSCCU	IL6_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[14]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[15]
Caspase-7 (CASP7)	OTAPJ040	CASP7_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[15]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1)	OTGUN89S	MRP1_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[16]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 1861).
• [3] Zileuton FDA Label
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5297).
• [5] Bioactive terpenoids and flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba extract induce the expression of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes through pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated pathways. Pharm Res. 2009 Apr;26(4):872-82.
• [6] Probing the pharmacophore of ginkgolides as glycine receptor antagonists. J Med Chem. 2007 Apr 5;50(7):1610-7.
• [7] 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton attenuates ischemic brain damage: involvement of matrix metalloproteinase 9. Neurol Res. 2009 Oct;31(8):848-52.
• [8] Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
• [9] Synthetic and natural compounds that interact with human cytochrome P450 1A2 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(31):4066-218.
• [10] Identification of the human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of zileuton (ABT-077) and its N-dehydroxylated metabolite, Abbott-66193. Drug Metab Dispos. 1995 Oct;23(10):1163-74.
• [11] Cetirizine and loratadine-based antihistamines with 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2004 Nov 15;14(22):5591-4.
• [12] Mechanism-based inhibition of human liver microsomal cytochrome P450 1A2 by zileuton, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Nov;31(11):1352-60.
• [13] Prostaglandins and leukotriene B4 are potent inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity in human choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells. Biol Reprod. 1999 Jul;61(1):40-5.
• [14] Zileuton, a new efficient and safe systemic anti-acne drug. Dermatoendocrinol. 2009 May;1(3):188-92. doi: 10.4161/derm.1.3.8368.
• [15] Palmitate increases the susceptibility of cells to drug-induced toxicity: an in vitro method to identify drugs with potential contraindications in patients with metabolic disease. Toxicol Sci. 2012 Oct;129(2):346-62. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs208. Epub 2012 Jun 14.
• [16] 5-lipoxygenase pharmacogenetics in asthma: overlap with Cys-leukotriene receptor antagonist loci. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2009 Mar;19(3):244-7. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e328326e0b1.