Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCMUW71)

• Drug Combination Name: Repaglinide + Emetine
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Repaglinide (DM5SXUV): Small molecular drug
  Emetine (DMCT2YF): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 10.68
  Bliss Independence Score: 10.68
  Loewe Additivity Score: 12.78
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 12.81

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Repaglinide

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Diabetic complication	5A2Y	Approved	[2]

Repaglinide Interacts with 2 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
ATP-binding cassette transporter C9 (ABCC9)	TTEF5MJ	ABCC9_HUMAN	Blocker	[4]
ATP-binding cassette transporter C8 (ABCC8)	TTP835K	ABCC8_HUMAN	Blocker	[4]

Repaglinide Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1)	DT3D8F0	SO1B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[5]

Repaglinide Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[6]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)	DEYGVN4	UD11_HUMAN	Metabolism	[7]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DES5XRU	CP2C8_HUMAN	Metabolism	[6]

Repaglinide Interacts with 6 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1)	OTNEN8QK	SO1B1_HUMAN	Affects Metabolism	[8]
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)	OTRU7THO	ABCBB_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain F (HLA-F)	OT76CM19	HLAF_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[11]
Solute carrier family 15 member 1 (SLC15A1)	OT1P16B5	S15A1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[12]
Major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein (MR1)	OTZU3XX7	HMR1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[11]

Indication(s) of Emetine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Hepatitis virus infection	1E50-1E51	Approved	[3]

Emetine Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]

Emetine Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[15]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[15]

Emetine Interacts with 15 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK)	OT9QIHEQ	RECK_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (TGFB1)	OTV5XHVH	TGFB1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[17]
N-myc proto-oncogene protein (MYCN)	OTWD33K1	MYCN_HUMAN	Increases Degradation	[18]
72 kDa type IV collagenase (MMP2)	OT5NIWA2	MMP2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha (IL6R)	OTCQL07Z	IL6RA_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)	OT310QSG	PARP1_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[19]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
C-C motif chemokine 3 (CCL3)	OTW2H3ND	CCL3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT)	OTMTP2Z7	TAU_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[20]
C-C motif chemokine 4 (CCL4)	OT6B8P25	CCL4_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2)	OTAD2HEL	CCL2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5)	OTSCA5CK	CCL5_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9)	OTB2QDAV	MMP9_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[16]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[16]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6841).
• [3] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [4] Metformin/Repaglinide (PrandiMet) for type 2 diabetes. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2009 Jun 1;51(1313):41-3.
• [5] Disease-Associated Changes in Drug Transporters May Impact the Pharmacokinetics and/or Toxicity of Drugs: A White Paper From the International Transporter Consortium. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Nov;104(5):900-915.
• [6] Drug-drug and food-drug pharmacokinetic interactions with new insulinotropic agents repaglinide and nateglinide. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2007;46(2):93-108.
• [7] Repaglinide-gemfibrozil drug interaction: inhibition of repaglinide glucuronidation as a potential additional contributing mechanism. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Dec;70(6):870-80.
• [8] Polymorphic organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 is a major determinant of repaglinide pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Jun;77(6):468-78. doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.01.018.
• [9] A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Nov;136(1):216-41.
• [10] Toxicological evaluation of acyl glucuronides utilizing half-lives, peptide adducts, and immunostimulation assays. Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Dec 25;30(1 Pt B):241-9.
• [11] Systems pharmacological analysis of drugs inducing stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 May 18;28(5):927-34. doi: 10.1021/tx5005248. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
• [12] In vitro and pharmacophore-based discovery of novel hPEPT1 inhibitors. Pharm Res. 2005 Apr;22(4):512-7. doi: 10.1007/s11095-005-2505-y. Epub 2005 Apr 7.
• [13] Cell-based and cytokine-directed chemical screen to identify potential anti-multiple myeloma agents. Leuk Res. 2010 Jul;34(7):917-24. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.12.002. Epub 2010 Feb 8.
• [14] Potential role of drug transporters in the pathogenesis of medically intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2005 Feb;46(2):224-35.
• [15] Metabolism of ipecac alkaloids cephaeline and emetine by human hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450s, and their inhibitory effects on P450 enzyme activities. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001 Jun;24(6):678-82.
• [16] Emetine inhibits migration and invasion of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells via regulation of ERK and p38 signaling pathways. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Dec 5;242:25-33. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.014. Epub 2015 Aug 30.
• [17] Identification and Profiling of Environmental Chemicals That Inhibit the TGF/SMAD Signaling Pathway. Chem Res Toxicol. 2019 Dec 16;32(12):2433-2444. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00228. Epub 2019 Nov 11.
• [18] IGF2BP1 induces neuroblastoma via a druggable feedforward loop with MYCN promoting 17q oncogene expression. Mol Cancer. 2023 May 29;22(1):88. doi: 10.1186/s12943-023-01792-0.
• [19] Apoptosis induces Bcl-XS and cleaved Bcl-XL in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Feb 18;405(3):480-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.01.057. Epub 2011 Jan 20.
• [20] Pharmacologic reductions of total tau levels; implications for the role of microtubule dynamics in regulating tau expression. Mol Neurodegener. 2006 Jul 26;1:6. doi: 10.1186/1750-1326-1-6.