Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCUA7KH)

• Drug Combination Name: Raloxifene + Nilotinib
• Indication: Adenocarcinoma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Raloxifene (DMDKF3M): Small molecular drug
  Nilotinib (DM7HXWT): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: HCT116
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 3.72
  Bliss Independence Score: 6.91
  Loewe Additivity Score: 4.39
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 1.98

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Raloxifene

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Osteoporosis	FB83.0	Approved	[2]

Raloxifene Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Estrogen receptor (ESR)	TTZAYWL	ESR1_HUMAN	Modulator	[4]

Raloxifene Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[5]

Raloxifene Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[6]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)	DEYGVN4	UD11_HUMAN	Metabolism	[7]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10 (UGT1A10)	DEL5N6Y	UD110_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]

Indication(s) of Nilotinib

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Chronic myelogenous leukaemia	2A20.0	Approved	[3]

Nilotinib Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Fusion protein Bcr-Abl (Bcr-Abl)	TTS7G69	BCR_HUMAN-ABL1_HUMAN	Modulator	[12]

Nilotinib Interacts with 5 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2)	DTFI42L	MRP2_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1)	DT3D8F0	SO1B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[15]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (SLCO1B3)	DT9C1TS	SO1B3_HUMAN	Substrate	[15]

Nilotinib Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[16]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DES5XRU	CP2C8_HUMAN	Metabolism	[17]

Nilotinib Interacts with 35 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (ABCG2)	OTW8V2V1	ABCG2_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[18]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1)	OTEJROBO	MDR1_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[19]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[20]
Caspase-7 (CASP7)	OTAPJ040	CASP7_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[20]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)	OTZX881H	KCNH2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[20]
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA)	OT5CQPZY	ACACA_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[20]
Retinal dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH1A2)	OTJB560Z	AL1A2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 (ABL1)	OT09YVXH	ABL1_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[11]
Protein c-Fos (FOS)	OTJBUVWS	FOS_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53)	OTIE1VH3	P53_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[21]
Transcription factor Jun (JUN)	OTCYBO6X	JUN_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Homeobox protein Hox-B7 (HOXB7)	OTC7WYU8	HXB7_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)	OT310QSG	PARP1_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[22]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2)	OT9DVHC0	BCL2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[22]
Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP (HSPA5)	OTFUIRAO	BIP_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Breakpoint cluster region protein (BCR)	OTCN76C1	BCR_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[23]
Transcription factor JunB (JUNB)	OTG2JXV5	JUNB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Homeobox protein Hox-B9 (HOXB9)	OTMVHQOU	HXB9_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha (ATF6)	OTAFHAVI	ATF6A_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[11]
Histidine decarboxylase (HDC)	OT4WA5YQ	DCHS_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[24]
Paired box protein Pax-3 (PAX3)	OTN5PJZV	PAX3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Alanine aminotransferase 1 (GPT)	OTOXOA0Q	ALAT1_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[25]
Paired box protein Pax-6 (PAX6)	OTOC9876	PAX6_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (DDIT3)	OTI8YKKE	DDIT3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Crk-like protein (CRKL)	OTOYSD1R	CRKL_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[11]
Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (GCLM)	OT6CP234	GSH0_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Homeobox protein MOX-1 (MEOX1)	OTJEMT2D	MEOX1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Caspase-9 (CASP9)	OTD4RFFG	CASP9_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[22]
Mesoderm posterior protein 2 (MESP2)	OT7H4LYA	MESP2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Transcription factor 15 (TCF15)	OTA6UCWC	TCF15_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 3 (OLIG3)	OTU8XLAF	OLIG3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
ER degradation-enhancing alpha-mannosidase-like protein 1 (EDEM1)	OTWHN69S	EDEM1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Eyes absent homolog 1 (EYA1)	OTHU807A	EYA1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2)	OT83P1E0	FOXC2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Neurogenin-2 (NEUROG2)	OTAEMIGT	NGN2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	DCUHZFJ	786-0	Investigative	[26]
Glioblastoma	DC33ECZ	SNB-75	Investigative	[26]
Glioma	DCXECFR	SF-268	Investigative	[26]
Papillary renal cell carcinoma	DC5G1RN	ACHN	Investigative	[26]
Plasma cell myeloma	DC6OSPL	RPMI-8226	Investigative	[26]
Colon adenocarcinoma	DCENK9K	COLO 205	Investigative	[27]
Invasive ductal carcinoma	DCAGSU3	HS 578T	Investigative	[27]
Amelanotic melanoma	DCM5INF	M14	Investigative	[1]
Cutaneous melanoma	DC4AXDA	SK-MEL-28	Investigative	[1]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma	DCCKI2O	OVCAR-4	Investigative	[1]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma	DC90X13	NCI\\/ADR-RES	Investigative	[1]
Malignant melanoma	DC658RO	UACC62	Investigative	[1]
Malignant melanoma	DCBYV7G	LOX IMVI	Investigative	[1]
Melanoma	DCH5P9V	SK-MEL-2	Investigative	[1]
Melanoma	DCB9XF2	MALME-3M	Investigative	[1]

References

• [1] Loss of function mutations in VARS encoding cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetase cause microcephaly, seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy.Hum Genet. 2018 Apr;137(4):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s00439-018-1882-3. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
• [2] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5697).
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 620).
• [5] Influence of hepatic and intestinal efflux transporters and their genetic variants on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of raloxifene in osteoporosis treatment. Transl Res. 2012 Oct;160(4):298-308.
• [6] The role of P-glycoprotein in the bioactivation of raloxifene. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Dec;34(12):2073-8.
• [7] Drug-drug interactions for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates: a pharmacokinetic explanation for typically observed low exposure (AUCi/AUC) ratios. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Nov;32(11):1201-8.
• [8] Characterization of raloxifene glucuronidation: potential role of UGT1A8 genotype on raloxifene metabolism in vivo. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2013 Jul;6(7):719-30.
• [9] Assessment of the inhibition potential of Licochalcone A against human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Food Chem Toxicol. 2016 Apr;90:112-22.
• [10] Exposure-based assessment of chemical teratogenicity using morphogenetic aggregates of human embryonic stem cells. Reprod Toxicol. 2020 Jan;91:74-91. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.10.004. Epub 2019 Nov 8.
• [11] Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in imatinib-resistant leukemic K562-r cells triggered by AMN107 combined with arsenic trioxide. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2013 Aug 1;238(8):932-42. doi: 10.1177/1535370213492689. Epub 2013 Jul 24.
• [12] 2007 FDA drug approvals: a year of flux. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2008 Feb;7(2):107-9.
• [13] Interaction of nilotinib, dasatinib and bosutinib with ABCB1 and ABCG2: implications for altered anti-cancer effects and pharmacological properties. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Oct;158(4):1153-64.
• [14] KEGG: new perspectives on genomes, pathways, diseases and drugs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D353-D361. (dg:DG01665)
• [15] Contribution of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 to the disposition of sorafenib and sorafenib-glucuronide. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Mar 15;19(6):1458-66.
• [16] Drug interactions with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib. Blood. 2011 Feb 24;117(8):e75-87.
• [17] Role of cytochrome P450 2C8 in drug metabolism and interactions. Pharmacol Rev. 2016 Jan;68(1):168-241.
• [18] Resistance to daunorubicin, imatinib, or nilotinib depends on expression levels of ABCB1 and ABCG2 in human leukemia cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2014 Aug 5;219:203-10. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.06.009. Epub 2014 Jun 19.
• [19] Reversal of ABCB1 mediated efflux by imatinib and nilotinib in cells expressing various transporter levels. Chem Biol Interact. 2017 Aug 1;273:171-179. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.012. Epub 2017 Jun 13.
• [20] Multi-parameter in vitro toxicity testing of crizotinib, sunitinib, erlotinib, and nilotinib in human cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 Oct 1;272(1):245-55.
• [21] p53 Gene (NY-CO-13) Levels in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: The Role of Imatinib and Nilotinib. Diseases. 2018 Jan 25;6(1):13. doi: 10.3390/diseases6010013.
• [22] Nilotinib reduced the viability of human ovarian cancer cells via mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, independent of JNK activation. Toxicol In Vitro. 2016 Mar;31:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.11.002. Epub 2015 Nov 6.
• [23] AP24534, a pan-BCR-ABL inhibitor for chronic myeloid leukemia, potently inhibits the T315I mutant and overcomes mutation-based resistance. Cancer Cell. 2009 Nov 6;16(5):401-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.09.028.
• [24] The CML-related oncoprotein BCR/ABL induces expression of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and the synthesis of histamine in leukemic cells. Blood. 2006 Nov 15;108(10):3538-47. doi: 10.1182/blood-2005-12-028456. Epub 2006 Jul 18.
• [25] Cytotoxicity of 34 FDA approved small-molecule kinase inhibitors in primary rat and human hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Jul;291:138-148. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.010. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
• [26] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [27] Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.