Details of the Drug-Related molecule(s) Expression Atlas

General Information of Drug (ID: DMY64HE)

Drug Name

alpha-linolenic acid Drug Info

Synonyms

Linolenic acid; linolenic acid; alpha-Linolenic acid; 463-40-1; linolenate; (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid; a-Linolenic acid; cis,cis,cis-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid; all-cis-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid; alpha-Linolenate; 9-cis,12-cis,15-cis-Octadecatrienoic acid; (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid; Linolenic acid (8CI); 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-; (9,12,15)-linolenic acid; alpha-Lnn; 9Z,12Z,15Z-Octadecatrienoic acid; Industrene 120; CCRIS 656; UNII-0RBV727H71; (9Z,12Z,15Z)-Octadecatrienoic acid; linolenate; alpha-LA; C18:3; LINOLENIC ACID

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[1]

Cross-matching ID

PubChem CID: 5280934
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:27432
CAS Number: CAS 463-40-1
TTD Drug ID: DMY64HE
INTEDE Drug ID: DR1988

Molecule(s) Related to This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Free fatty acid receptor 1 (GPR40)	TTB8FUC	FFAR1_HUMAN	Agonist	[2]
G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120)	TT08JVB	FFAR4_HUMAN	Agonist	[3]
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (COX-2)	TTVKILB	PGH2_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[4]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Highest Status	REF
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (COX-2)	DE492CE	PGH2_HUMAN	Investigative	[5]
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (COX-1)	DE073H6	PGH1_HUMAN	Investigative	[5]
Carboxylic ester hydrolase (CEH)	DE30GZN	A0A317G4I6_BUTFI	Investigative	[6] , [7]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Expression Level of Molecule(s) in Normal Tissue of Major ADME-Related Organs

Molecule	Molecule Type	Gene Name	Liver	Colon	Kidney	Small Intestine
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (COX-2)	DME	PTGS2	4.406	5.3	0.379	5.125
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (COX-1)	DME	PTGS1	6.09	7.747	6.04	7.023

Molecule Expression Atlas in Normal Tissue of Major ADME-related organs

The Expression Level of Molecule(s) between Disease Section and Healthy Individual Tissue

The Studied Disease

Discovery agent

ICD Disease Classification

N.A.

Molecule Name	Molecule Type	Gene Name	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (COX-2)	DTT	PTGS2	7.93E-04	-0.29	-0.34
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (COX-2)	DME	PTGS2	7.93E-04	-2.88E-01	-3.44E-01
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (COX-1)	DME	PTGS1	3.97E-03	1.56E-01	4.33E-01

Molecular Expression Atlas between Disease Section and Healthy Individual Tissue

References

1	URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 1049).
2	Free fatty acids regulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells through GPR40. Nature. 2003 Mar 13;422(6928):173-6.
3	Cloning and characterization of the rat free fatty acid receptor GPR120: in vivo effect of the natural ligand on GLP-1 secretion and proliferation of pancreatic beta cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2008 Jun;377(4-6):515-22.
4	Cox-2 inhibitory effects of naturally occurring and modified fatty acids. J Nat Prod. 2001 Jun;64(6):745-9.
5	Divergent cyclooxygenase responses to fatty acid structure and peroxide level in fish and mammalian prostaglandin H synthases. FASEB J. 2006 Jun;20(8):1097-108.
6	Immunogenic inhibition of prominent ruminal bacteria as a means to reduce lipolysis and biohydrogenation activity in vitro. Food Chem. 2017 Mar 1;218:372-377.
7	Cell-associated alpha-amylases of butyrate-producing Firmicute bacteria from the human colon. Microbiology. 2006 Nov;152(Pt 11):3281-3290.