General Information of Drug (ID: DM5EN79)

Drug Name
Levamisole Drug Info
Synonyms
Ketrax; LEVOMYSOL; Lepuron; Levamisol; Levamisolum; Levotetramisole; Tetramisol; Wormicid; Levamisole Base;Nilverm base; P00039; Vermisol 150; Dl-Tetramisol; Dl-Tetramisole; Ergamisol (TN); Ketrax (TN); L-Tetramisole; Levamisol [INN-Spanish]; Levamisole (INN); Levamisole [INN:BAN]; Levamisolum [INN-Latin]; TCMDC-125847; L(-)-Levamisole; L-2,3,5,6-Tetrahyro-6-phenylimidazo(2,1-b)thiazole; (-)-Tetramisole; (6S)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole; (S)-(-)-Levamisole
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Parasitic infection 1D0Y-1G2Z Approved [1]
Colon cancer 2B90.Z Withdrawn from market [2]
Therapeutic Class
Anticancer Agents
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
26879
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:6432
CAS Number
CAS 14769-73-4
TTD Drug ID
DM5EN79
INTEDE Drug ID
DR2400

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas
Molecule Type:
DTT
DOT
Drug Status:
Approved Drug(s)
Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Asfotase alfa DMM4FXA Genetic disease 8E02 Approved [6]
DS-1211 DMY3T0L Pseudoxanthoma elasticum EC40 Phase 2 [7]
ALXN1850 DMSQPCT Hypophosphatasia 5C64.3 Phase 1 [8]
ALXN1910 DMDXTAE Discovery agent N.A. Phase 1 [8]
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [9]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [10]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [11]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [12]
Cidofovir DMA13GD Cytomegalovirus infection 1D82 Approved [13]
Paclitaxel DMLB81S Breast carcinoma Approved [14]
Floxuridine DM04LR2 Colorectal cancer 2B91.Z Approved [15]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [16]
Mechlorethamine DM0CVXA Chronic myelogenous leukaemia 2A20.0 Approved [17]
Fulvestrant DM0YZC6 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [18]
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Drug(s) Affected By Endothelin-1 (EDN1)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Bosentan DMIOGBU Pulmonary arterial hypertension BB01.0 Approved [19]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [20]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [21]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [22]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [23]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [24]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [25]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [26]
Cyclophosphamide DM4O2Z7 Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [27]
Lisinopril DMUOK4C Chronic heart failure BD1Z Approved [28]
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Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Indomethacin DMSC4A7 Bursitis Approved [29]
Fulvestrant DM0YZC6 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [30]
Gefitinib DM15F0X Colon adenocarcinoma Approved [31]
Talazoparib DM1KS78 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [32]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [33]
Trametinib DM2JGQ3 Melanoma 2C30 Approved [34]
Sulindac DM2QHZU Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [35]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [36]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [37]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [38]
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Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Sevoflurane DMC9O43 Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [39]
Docetaxel DMDI269 Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [40]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [41]
Gemcitabine DMSE3I7 Anterior urethra cancer Approved [42]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [43]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [44]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [45]
Mechlorethamine DM0CVXA Chronic myelogenous leukaemia 2A20.0 Approved [46]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Coronary heart disease BA80.Z Approved [47]
Beta-carotene DM0RXBT Vitamin deficiency 5B55-5B71 Approved [48]
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Drug(s) Affected By Clusterin (CLU)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [49]
Selenium DM25CGV N. A. N. A. Approved [50]
Sulindac DM2QHZU Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [49]
Rofecoxib DM3P5DA Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [51]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [52]
Panobinostat DM58WKG Chronic graft versus host disease Approved [53]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [54]
Testosterone DM7HUNW Hot flushes GA30 Approved [55]
Methazolamide DM7J2TA Glaucoma/ocular hypertension 9C61 Approved [49]
Ibuprofen DM8VCBE Dysmenorrhea GA34.3 Approved [51]
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Drug(s) Affected By Nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [56]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [57]
Bosentan DMIOGBU Pulmonary arterial hypertension BB01.0 Approved [43]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [58]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [59]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [60]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [61]
Troglitazone DM3VFPD Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [62]
Fructose DM43AN2 Vomiting MD90 Approved [63]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [64]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Mechlorethamine DM0CVXA Chronic myelogenous leukaemia 2A20.0 Approved [65]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [33]
Sulindac DM2QHZU Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [66]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [22]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [67]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [68]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [69]
Aspirin DM672AH Acute coronary syndrome BA41 Approved [70]
Promethazine DM6I5GR Hyperemesis gravidarum Approved [71]
Venetoclax DM8I94Y Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia 2A82.0 Approved [72]
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Drug(s) Affected By Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Indomethacin DMSC4A7 Bursitis Approved [73]
Amphotericin B DMTAJQE Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [74]
Fructose DM43AN2 Vomiting MD90 Approved [43]
Ketoprofen DMRKXPT Bursitis Approved [43]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [75]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Coronary heart disease BA80.Z Approved [47]
Baclofen DM0QV1J Multiple sclerosis 8A40 Approved [76]
Gefitinib DM15F0X Colon adenocarcinoma Approved [77]
Ganciclovir DM1MBYQ Cytomegalovirus infection 1D82 Approved [78]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [79]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Alkaline phosphatase tissue-nonspecific (ALPL) TTMR5UV PPBT_HUMAN Inhibitor [3]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2) OT9DVHC0 BCL2_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [4]
Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK1) OTDP6ILW BAK_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [4]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [4]
Clusterin (CLU) OTQGG0JM CLUS_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [4]
Endothelin-1 (EDN1) OTZCACEG EDN1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [4]
Nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) OTLDT7NR NOS3_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [4]
Retinoblastoma-associated protein (RB1) OTQJUJMZ RB_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [4]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) OT4IE164 TNFA_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [5]

References

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4 Levamisole induced apoptosis in cultured vascular endothelial cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Dec;131(8):1577-83.
5 Levamisole can reduce the high serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha level to a normal level in patients with erosive oral lichen planus. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2007 May;32(3):308-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2006.02343.x.
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7 In Vitro and In Vivo Pharmacological Profiles of DS-1211, a Novel Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase Inhibitor. J Bone Miner Res. 2022 Oct;37(10):2033-2043.
8 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Alexion
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29 Indomethacin inhibits cell growth of medullary thyroid carcinoma by reducing cell cycle progression into S phase. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2008 Nov;233(11):1433-40. doi: 10.3181/0804-RM-127. Epub 2008 Sep 12.
30 Therapeutically activating RB: reestablishing cell cycle control in endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2011 Apr 28;18(3):333-45. doi: 10.1530/ERC-10-0262. Print 2011 Jun.
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36 Melanoma coordinates general and cell-specific mechanisms to promote methotrexate resistance. Exp Cell Res. 2012 Jun 10;318(10):1146-59.
37 HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin inhibits cell cycle progression at the G1/S checkpoint in immortalized lymphocytes from Alzheimer's disease patients independently of cholesterol-lowering effects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Jan;324(1):352-9. doi: 10.1124/jpet.107.128959. Epub 2007 Oct 10.
38 Inhibition of prostate cancer cell colony formation by the flavonoid quercetin correlates with modulation of specific regulatory genes. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2004 Jan;11(1):63-9. doi: 10.1128/cdli.11.1.63-69.2004.
39 4.8% sevoflurane induces activation of autophagy in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Neurotoxicology. 2022 May;90:256-264. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.04.008. Epub 2022 Apr 23.
40 Enhanced chemotherapeutic efficacy of docetaxel in human lung cancer cell line via GLUT1 inhibitor. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2023 Jun;37(6):e23348. doi: 10.1002/jbt.23348. Epub 2023 Mar 31.
41 Breast cancer cells response to the antineoplastic agents cisplatin, carboplatin, and doxorubicin at the mRNA expression levels of distinct apoptosis-related genes, including the new member, BCL2L12. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Jan;1095:35-44. doi: 10.1196/annals.1397.005.
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44 Cannabidiol enhances cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 26;10(1):20622. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77674-y.
45 Verapamil potentiates anti-glioblastoma efficacy of temozolomide by modulating apoptotic signaling. Toxicol In Vitro. 2018 Oct;52:306-313. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.07.001. Epub 2018 Jul 9.
46 Inhibition of caspase-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition protects airway epithelial cells against mustard-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2006 Sep;11(9):1545-59. doi: 10.1007/s10495-006-8764-1.
47 Sertraline, an antidepressant, induces apoptosis in hepatic cells through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Toxicol Sci. 2014 Feb;137(2):404-15. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft254. Epub 2013 Nov 5.
48 -Carotene Induces Apoptosis in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines via the Cav-1/AKT/NF-B Signaling Pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2016 Mar;30(3):148-57. doi: 10.1002/jbt.21773. Epub 2016 Jan 6.
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51 Rofecoxib modulates multiple gene expression pathways in a clinical model of acute inflammatory pain. Pain. 2007 Mar;128(1-2):136-47.
52 Development of a neural teratogenicity test based on human embryonic stem cells: response to retinoic acid exposure. Toxicol Sci. 2011 Dec;124(2):370-7.
53 A transcriptome-based classifier to identify developmental toxicants by stem cell testing: design, validation and optimization for histone deacetylase inhibitors. Arch Toxicol. 2015 Sep;89(9):1599-618.
54 Chronic occupational exposure to arsenic induces carcinogenic gene signaling networks and neoplastic transformation in human lung epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 Jun 1;261(2):204-16.
55 The exosome-like vesicles derived from androgen exposed-prostate stromal cells promote epithelial cells proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2021 Jan 15;411:115384. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115384. Epub 2020 Dec 25.
56 Protective effects of S-carvedilol on doxorubicin-induced damages to human umbilical vein endothelial cells and rats. J Appl Toxicol. 2019 Aug;39(8):1233-1244. doi: 10.1002/jat.3809. Epub 2019 May 7.
57 Oxidative stress in kidney transplant patients with calcineurin inhibitor-induced hypertension: effect of ramipril. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2002 Oct;40(4):625-31.
58 Hydrogen peroxide decreases endothelial nitric oxide synthase promoter activity through the inhibition of Sp1 activity. DNA Cell Biol. 2009 Mar;28(3):119-29.
59 Global molecular effects of tocilizumab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014 Jan;66(1):15-23.
60 Simvastatin inhibits cigarette smoking-induced emphysema and pulmonary hypertension in rat lungs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Oct 15;172(8):987-93. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200501-041OC. Epub 2005 Jul 7.
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63 Fructose induces the inflammatory molecule ICAM-1 in endothelial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Sep;19(9):1712-20.
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68 Phenotypic characterization of retinoic acid differentiated SH-SY5Y cells by transcriptional profiling. PLoS One. 2013 May 28;8(5):e63862.
69 Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) induced apoptosis and its mechanisms in a human esophageal squamous carcinoma cell line. Chin Med J (Engl). 2002 Feb;115(2):280-5.
70 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce apoptosis in gastric cancer cells through up-regulation of bax and bak. Carcinogenesis. 2001 Sep;22(9):1393-7. doi: 10.1093/carcin/22.9.1393.
71 AMPK activation induced by promethazine increases NOXA expression and Beclin-1 phosphorylation and drives autophagy-associated apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia. Chem Biol Interact. 2020 Jan 5;315:108888. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108888. Epub 2019 Nov 2.
72 Superior efficacy of cotreatment with BET protein inhibitor and BCL2 or MCL1 inhibitor against AML blast progenitor cells. Blood Cancer J. 2019 Jan 15;9(2):4. doi: 10.1038/s41408-018-0165-5.
73 Indomethacin and juglone inhibit inflammatory molecules to induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2020 Feb;34(2):e22433. doi: 10.1002/jbt.22433. Epub 2020 Jan 9.
74 A cell impedance-based real-time in vitro assay to assess the toxicity of amphotericin B formulations. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2017 Nov 1;334:18-23. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.08.017. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
75 CBD Promotes Oral Ulcer Healing via Inhibiting CMPK2-Mediated Inflammasome. J Dent Res. 2022 Feb;101(2):206-215. doi: 10.1177/00220345211024528. Epub 2021 Jul 16.
76 Anti-inflammatory effects of the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen in allergic contact dermatitis. Exp Dermatol. 2010 Jul 1;19(7):661-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01076.x. Epub 2010 Feb 25.
77 Frankincense myrrh attenuates hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating tumor blood vessel development through multiple epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated signaling pathways. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2022 Feb 15;14(2):450-477. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i2.450.
78 Sulfasalazine unveils a contact-independent HSV-TK/ganciclovir gene therapy bystander effect in malignant gliomas. Int J Oncol. 2007 Jan;30(1):283-90.
79 Oxidative Stress Alters miRNA and Gene Expression Profiles in Villous First Trimester Trophoblasts. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:257090. doi: 10.1155/2015/257090. Epub 2015 Aug 3.