Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DM0DQM5)

• Drug Name: Amlexanox
• Synonyms: ANW; Amlenanox; Amlexanoxo; Amlexanoxum; Amoxanox; Aphthasol; Aptheal; Apthera; Elics; OraDisc; OraRinse; Solfa; Amlexanoxo [Spanish]; Amlexanoxum [Latin]; GlaxoSmithKline brand of amlexanox; OraDisc A; AA 673; CHX 3673; AA-673; Aphthasol (TN); CHX-3673; Solfa (TN); Amlexanox [USAN:INN:JAN]; Amlexanox (JAN/USAN/INN); 2-Amino-7-isopropyl-5-oxo-5H-(1)benzopyrano(2,3-b)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid; 2-amino-5-oxo-7-(propan-2-yl)-5H-chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid; 2-amino-5-oxo-7-propan-2-ylchromeno[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid; 2-amino-7-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-5H-chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid; 2-amino-7-isopropyl-5-oxo-5H-(1)benzopyrano(2,3b)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Respiratory tract inflammation	CA07	Approved	[1]

• Therapeutic Class: Antiulcer Agents
• Drug Type: Small molecular drug
• #Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0:
  Molecular Weight (mw); 298.29
  Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp); 3.1
  Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds); 2
  Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor); 2
  Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc); 6
• ADMET Property:
  Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 3.5 +/-1.1 hours [2]
  Metabolism: The drug is metabolized to hydroxylated and conjugated metabolites []
• Chemical Identifiers:
  Formula: C16H14N2O4
  IUPAC Name: 2-amino-5-oxo-7-propan-2-ylchromeno[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid
  Canonical SMILES: CC(C)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)OC3=NC(=C(C=C3C2=O)C(=O)O)N
  InChI: InChI=1S/C16H14N2O4/c1-7(2)8-3-4-12-9(5-8)13(19)10-6-11(16(20)21)14(17)18-15(10)22-12/h3-7H,1-2H3,(H2,17,18)(H,20,21)
  InChIKey: SGRYPYWGNKJSDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• Cross-matching ID:
  PubChem CID: 2161
  ChEBI ID: CHEBI:31205
  CAS Number: 68302-57-8
  DrugBank ID: DB01025
  TTD ID: D0G5UB
  ACDINA ID: D00836
• Repurposed Drugs (RPD): Click to Jump to the Detailed RPD Information of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90A)	TT78R5H	HS90A_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[3]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Interaction	REF
Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1)	OTE2O72Q	GPX1_HUMAN	Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes	[4]
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon (IKBKE)	OT5VYOSM	IKKE_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[5]
Regulator of nonsense transcripts 1	OTAIA3HP	RENT1_HUMAN	Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes	[4]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 (TBK1)	OT1P06NV	TBK1_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[5]

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

• The Studied Disease: Respiratory tract inflammation
• ICD Disease Classification: CA07

Molecule Name	Molecule Type	Gene Name	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90A)	DTT	HSP90AA1	3.96E-01	0.18	0.48

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG

DIG Name	DIG ID	PubChem CID	Functional Classification
Allura red AC dye	E00338	33258	Colorant
Benzyl alcohol	E00010	244	Antimicrobial preservative; Solvent
FD&C blue no. 1	E00263	19700	Colorant
Glyceryl monostearate	E00310	24699	Emollient; Emulsifying agent; Emulsion stabilizing agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; Viscosity-controlling agent
methylparaben	E00149	7456	Antimicrobial preservative
Sodium benzoate	E00432	517055	Antimicrobial preservative; lubricant
Carboxymethylcellulose sodium	E00621	Not Available	Adsorbent; Binding agent; Disintegrant; Emulsifying agent; Suspending agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Gelatin	E00630	Not Available	Other agent
Hypromellose	E00634	Not Available	Coating agent
Povidone	E00667	Not Available	Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Propylene glycol	E00040	1030	Antimicrobial preservative; Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Propylene glycol monostearate	E00239	14878	Emollient; Emulsifying agent; Surfactant
Water	E00035	962	Solvent
Ethyl cellulose	E00699	Not Available	Coating agent; Microencapsulating agent; Binding agent; Diluent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Hydroxyethyl cellulose	E00700	Not Available	Coating agent; Suspending agent; Binding agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Pectin	E00711	Not Available	Emulsifying agent; Gelling agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Pregelatinized starch	E00674	Not Available	Binding agent; Diluent; Disintegrant

Pharmaceutical Formulation

Formulation Name	Drug Dosage	Dosage Form	Route
Amlexanox 2mg Patch	2mg	Patch	Topical
Amlexanox 5% paste	5%	Paste	Dental

Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

• [1] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7113).
• [2] Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
• [3] Hsp90 is a direct target of the anti-allergic drugs disodium cromoglycate and amlexanox. Biochem J. 2003 Sep 1;374(Pt 2):433-41.
• [4] Premature termination codon readthrough in human cells occurs in novel cytoplasmic foci and requires UPF proteins. J Cell Sci. 2017 Sep 15;130(18):3009-3022. doi: 10.1242/jcs.198176. Epub 2017 Jul 25.
• [5] Hydroxychloroquine-inhibited dengue virus is associated with host defense machinery. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2015 Mar;35(3):143-56. doi: 10.1089/jir.2014.0038. Epub 2014 Oct 16.