Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMHRG8Q)

Drug Name
Carbidopa
Synonyms
Atamet; Carbidopum; Lodosin; Lodosyn; Methyldopahydrazine; Stalevo; Carbidopa Monohydrate; Carbidopa anhydrous; Carbidopa hydrate; Carbidopum monohydricum; MK 486; Alpha-Methyldopahydrazine; C-126; C-DOPA; Carbidopa (anhydrous); Carbidopum [INN-Latin]; Lodosyn (TN); Lodosyn, Carbidopa; MK-485; MK-486; N-Aminomethyldopa; Carbidopa [USAN:INN:BAN]; Carbidopa-1-wasser; Hadrazino-alpha-methyldopa; L-alpha-Methyldopahydrazine; Carbidopa, (S)-Isomer; Carbidopa, Entacapone, & Levodopa; S(-)-CARBIDOPA; S-(-)-Carbidopa; L-alpha-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-alpha-hydrazinopropionic acid monohydrate; Alpha-Hydrazino-alpha-methyl-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid; L-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2-hydrazinopropionic acid; L-alpha-Methyl-alpha-hydrazino-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid; L-alpha-Methyl-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-alpha-hydrazinopropionic acid; S(-)-alpha-Hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylhydrocinnamic acid monohydrate; S-(-)-alpha-Hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzenepropanoic acid; Benzenepropanoic acid, alpha-hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methyl-, monohydrate, (S); KINSON, 3-(3,4-DIHYDROXY-PHENYL)-2-HYDRAZINO-2-METHYL-PROPIONIC ACID; Hydrocinnamic acid, (-)-L-alpha-hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methyl-, monohydrate; (-)-L-alpha-Hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylhydrocinnamic acid; (-)-L-alpha-Hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylhydrocinnamic acid monohydrate; (2S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazino-2-methylpropanoic acid; (2S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-2-methylpropanoic acid; (2S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-2-methylpropanoic acid hydrate; (2S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-2-methylpropanoic acid monohydrate; (2S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-2-methylpropanoic acid-water (1/1); (S)-(-)-carbidopa; (S)-(-)-carbidopa hydrate; (S)-alpha-Hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methyl-benzenepropanoic acid monohydrate; (S)-carbidopa; (S)-carbidopahydrate; (alphaS)-alpha-hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylbenzenepropanoic acid; (alphaS)-alpha-hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylbenzenepropanoic acid monohydrate
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Parkinson disease 8A00.0 Approved [1], [2]
Therapeutic Class
Antiparkinson Agents
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 1 Molecular Weight (mw) 226.23
Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp) -2.2
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 6
ADMET Property
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 1: high solubility and high permeability [3]
Clearance
The clearance of drug is 51.7 L/h [4]
Elimination
In animal studies, 66% of the administered dose of carbidopa was eliminated via the urine while 11% was found in feces [5]
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 107 minutes [6]
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 3.68203 micromolar/kg/day [7]
Vd
The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 3.6 L/kg [4]
Water Solubility
The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 2.5 mg/mL [3]
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C10H14N2O4
IUPAC Name
(2S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-2-methylpropanoic acid
Canonical SMILES
C[C@](CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)(C(=O)O)NN
InChI
InChI=1S/C10H14N2O4/c1-10(12-11,9(15)16)5-6-2-3-7(13)8(14)4-6/h2-4,12-14H,5,11H2,1H3,(H,15,16)/t10-/m0/s1
InChIKey
TZFNLOMSOLWIDK-JTQLQIEISA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
34359
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:39585
CAS Number
28860-95-9
DrugBank ID
DB00190
TTD ID
D0P7JZ
ACDINA ID
D00098

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (DDC) TTN451K DDC_HUMAN Inhibitor [8]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease Parkinson disease
ICD Disease Classification 8A00.0
Molecule Name Molecule Type Gene Name p-value Fold-Change Z-score
Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (DDC) DTT DDC 7.84E-03 -1.49 -1.01
Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Carbidopa (Comorbidity)
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Comorbidity REF
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan DMDWZGJ Moderate Additive dopaminergic effects by the combination of Carbidopa and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan. Discovery agent [N.A.] [18]

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG
DIG Name DIG ID PubChem CID Functional Classification
Allura red AC dye E00338 33258 Colorant
FD&C blue no. 2 E00446 2723854 Colorant
Quinoline yellow WS E00309 24671 Colorant
Sunset yellow FCF E00255 17730 Colorant
Magnesium stearate E00208 11177 lubricant
Silicon dioxide E00670 Not Available Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
⏷ Show the Full List of 6 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug
Pharmaceutical Formulation
Formulation Name Drug Dosage Dosage Form Route
Carbidopa 25 mg tablet 25 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5159).
2 Emerging drugs for restless legs syndrome. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2005 Aug;10(3):537-52.
3 BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
4 Chana P, Fierro A, Reyes-Parada M, Saez-Briones P: [Pharmacokinetic comparison of Sinemet and Grifoparkin (levodopa/carbidopa 250/25 mg) in Parkinson s disease: a single dose study]. Rev Med Chil. 2003 Jun;131(6):623-31.
5 Vickers S, Stuart EK, Bianchine JR, Hucker HB, Jaffe ME, Rhodes RE, Vandenheuvel WJ: Metabolism of carbidopa (1-(-)-alpha-hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylhydrocinnamic acid monohydrate), an aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, in the rat, rhesus monkey, and man. Drug Metab Dispos. 1974 Jan-Feb;2(1):9-22.
6 Pharmacokinetics of levodopa/carbidopa microtablets versus levodopa/benserazide and levodopa/carbidopa in healthy volunteers. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2012 May-Jun;35(3):111-7. doi: 10.1097/WNF.0b013e31825645d1.
7 Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
8 Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors in the management of Parkinson's disease. Semin Neurol. 2001;21(1):15-22.
9 Functional COMT variant predicts response to high dose pyridoxine in Parkinson's disease. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2005 Aug 5;137B(1):1-4.
10 The aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor carbidopa is selectively cytotoxic to human pulmonary carcinoid and small cell lung carcinoma cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2000 Nov;6(11):4365-72.
11 UCSF report
12 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Voyager Therapeutics.
13 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of PTC Therapeutics.
14 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Oxford BioMedica.
15 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Oxford BioMedica.
16 Activation of an adrenergic pro-drug through sequential stereoselective action of tandem target enzymes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Nov 30;189(1):33-9.
17 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 1271).
18 Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Gilman AG, eds. "Goodman and Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th ed." New York, NY: McGraw-Hill (2001):.