Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMHRG8Q)

• Drug Name: Carbidopa
• Synonyms: Atamet; Carbidopum; Lodosin; Lodosyn; Methyldopahydrazine; Stalevo; Carbidopa Monohydrate; Carbidopa anhydrous; Carbidopa hydrate; Carbidopum monohydricum; MK 486; Alpha-Methyldopahydrazine; C-126; C-DOPA; Carbidopa (anhydrous); Carbidopum [INN-Latin]; Lodosyn (TN); Lodosyn, Carbidopa; MK-485; MK-486; N-Aminomethyldopa; Carbidopa [USAN:INN:BAN]; Carbidopa-1-wasser; Hadrazino-alpha-methyldopa; L-alpha-Methyldopahydrazine; Carbidopa, (S)-Isomer; Carbidopa, Entacapone, & Levodopa; S(-)-CARBIDOPA; S-(-)-Carbidopa; L-alpha-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-alpha-hydrazinopropionic acid monohydrate; Alpha-Hydrazino-alpha-methyl-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid; L-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2-hydrazinopropionic acid; L-alpha-Methyl-alpha-hydrazino-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid; L-alpha-Methyl-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-alpha-hydrazinopropionic acid; S(-)-alpha-Hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylhydrocinnamic acid monohydrate; S-(-)-alpha-Hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzenepropanoic acid; Benzenepropanoic acid, alpha-hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methyl-, monohydrate, (S); KINSON, 3-(3,4-DIHYDROXY-PHENYL)-2-HYDRAZINO-2-METHYL-PROPIONIC ACID; Hydrocinnamic acid, (-)-L-alpha-hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methyl-, monohydrate; (-)-L-alpha-Hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylhydrocinnamic acid; (-)-L-alpha-Hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylhydrocinnamic acid monohydrate; (2S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazino-2-methylpropanoic acid; (2S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-2-methylpropanoic acid; (2S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-2-methylpropanoic acid hydrate; (2S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-2-methylpropanoic acid monohydrate; (2S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-2-methylpropanoic acid-water (1/1); (S)-(-)-carbidopa; (S)-(-)-carbidopa hydrate; (S)-alpha-Hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methyl-benzenepropanoic acid monohydrate; (S)-carbidopa; (S)-carbidopahydrate; (alphaS)-alpha-hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylbenzenepropanoic acid; (alphaS)-alpha-hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylbenzenepropanoic acid monohydrate

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Parkinson disease	8A00.0	Approved	[1]
Parkinsonian disorder	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Postencephalitic Parkinson disease	N.A.	Approved	[2]

• Therapeutic Class: Antiparkinson Agents
• Drug Type: Small molecular drug
• #Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 1:
  Molecular Weight (mw); 226.23
  Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp); -2.2
  Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds); 4
  Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor); 5
  Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc); 6
• ADMET Property:
  BDDCS Class: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 1: high solubility and high permeability [3]
  Clearance: The clearance of drug is 51.7 L/h [4]
  Elimination: In animal studies, 66% of the administered dose of carbidopa was eliminated via the urine while 11% was found in feces [5]
  Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 107 minutes [6]
  MRTD: The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 3.68203 micromolar/kg/day [7]
  Vd: The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 3.6 L/kg [4]
  Water Solubility: The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 2.5 mg/mL [3]
• Chemical Identifiers:
  Formula: C10H14N2O4
  IUPAC Name: (2S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-2-methylpropanoic acid
  Canonical SMILES: C[C@](CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)(C(=O)O)NN
  InChI: InChI=1S/C10H14N2O4/c1-10(12-11,9(15)16)5-6-2-3-7(13)8(14)4-6/h2-4,12-14H,5,11H2,1H3,(H,15,16)/t10-/m0/s1
  InChIKey: TZFNLOMSOLWIDK-JTQLQIEISA-N
• Cross-matching ID:
  PubChem CID: 34359
  ChEBI ID: CHEBI:39585
  CAS Number: 28860-95-9
  DrugBank ID: DB00190
  TTD ID: D0P7JZ
  ACDINA ID: D00098
• Repurposed Drugs (RPD): Click to Jump to the Detailed RPD Information of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (DDC)	TTN451K	DDC_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[8]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Interaction	REF
Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT)	OTPWKTQG	COMT_HUMAN	Biotransformations	[9]

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

• The Studied Disease: Parkinson disease
• ICD Disease Classification: 8A00.0

Molecule Name	Molecule Type	Gene Name	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (DDC)	DTT	DDC	7.84E-03	-1.49	-1.01

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Carbidopa (Comorbidity)

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Comorbidity	REF
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan	DMDWZGJ	Moderate	Additive dopaminergic effects by the combination of Carbidopa and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan.	Discovery agent [N.A.]	[10]

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG

DIG Name	DIG ID	PubChem CID	Functional Classification
Allura red AC dye	E00338	33258	Colorant
FD&C blue no. 2	E00446	2723854	Colorant
Quinoline yellow WS	E00309	24671	Colorant
Sunset yellow FCF	E00255	17730	Colorant
Magnesium stearate	E00208	11177	lubricant
Silicon dioxide	E00670	Not Available	Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent

Pharmaceutical Formulation

Formulation Name	Drug Dosage	Dosage Form	Route
Carbidopa 25 mg tablet	25 mg	Oral Tablet	Oral

Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

• [1] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5159).
• [2] Carbidopa FDA Label
• [3] BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
• [4] Chana P, Fierro A, Reyes-Parada M, Saez-Briones P: [Pharmacokinetic comparison of Sinemet and Grifoparkin (levodopa/carbidopa 250/25 mg) in Parkinson s disease: a single dose study]. Rev Med Chil. 2003 Jun;131(6):623-31.
• [5] Vickers S, Stuart EK, Bianchine JR, Hucker HB, Jaffe ME, Rhodes RE, Vandenheuvel WJ: Metabolism of carbidopa (1-(-)-alpha-hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylhydrocinnamic acid monohydrate), an aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, in the rat, rhesus monkey, and man. Drug Metab Dispos. 1974 Jan-Feb;2(1):9-22.
• [6] Pharmacokinetics of levodopa/carbidopa microtablets versus levodopa/benserazide and levodopa/carbidopa in healthy volunteers. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2012 May-Jun;35(3):111-7. doi: 10.1097/WNF.0b013e31825645d1.
• [7] Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
• [8] Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors in the management of Parkinson's disease. Semin Neurol. 2001;21(1):15-22.
• [9] Molecular mechanisms controlling the rate and specificity of catechol O-methylation by human soluble catechol O-methyltransferase. Mol Pharmacol. 2001 Feb;59(2):393-402. doi: 10.1124/mol.59.2.393.
• [10] Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Gilman AG, eds. "Goodman and Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th ed." New York, NY: McGraw-Hill (2001):.