General Information of Disease (ID: DISNBEMX)

Disease Name Myotonic dystrophy
Synonyms myotonia atrophica; myotonic disease; myotonia dystrophica; inherited myotonic dystrophy
Disease Class 8C71: Myotonic disorder
Definition An inherited progressive disorder affecting the muscles. It is characterized by muscle wasting and hypotonia, cataracts, heart conduction defects and endocrinopathies.
Disease Hierarchy
DISPCJM5: Myotonic syndrome
DISV66YX: Progressive muscular dystrophy
DISNBEMX: Myotonic dystrophy
ICD Code
ICD-11
ICD-11: 8C71.0
Expand ICD-11
'8C71.0
Disease Identifiers
MONDO ID
MONDO_0016107
MESH ID
D009223
UMLS CUI
C0027126
MedGen ID
10239
Orphanet ID
206647
SNOMED CT ID
1177122009

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA)
This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 3 Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
AMO-02 DMJRU3A Phase 2/3 NA [1]
IONIS-DMPK-2.5RX DMS0CZ3 Phase 2 NA [2]
ISIS-DMPK DMH32LC Phase 1/2 Antisense drug [3]
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This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 3 Investigative Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Drug Type REF
2-MOE phosphorothioate gapmers DM4IJXW Investigative Antisense drug [4]
Myotubularin DMHU0ML Investigative NA [5]
PRO-135 DMA2SBL Investigative Antisense drug [4]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
This Disease Is Related to 21 DTT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DTT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
DYSF TTA7MXQ Limited Genetic Variation [6]
INSR TTCBFJO Limited Biomarker [7]
MBNL2 TTH9OLG Limited Biomarker [8]
MTMR1 TTHDERA moderate Altered Expression [9]
ATXN3 TT6A17J Strong Biomarker [10]
BUB1 TT78309 Strong Biomarker [11]
CDC42BPA TT5Z0EF Strong Biomarker [12]
DDX5 TTZKPVC Strong Biomarker [13]
MTM1 TTY2TCU Strong Genetic Variation [14]
NEK6 TT8I2M7 Strong Biomarker [11]
PEPD TTLZXI0 Strong Biomarker [15]
PGD TTZ3IFB Strong Biomarker [16]
PRKCA TTFJ8Q1 Strong Biomarker [17]
PRKCB TTYPXQF Strong Biomarker [17]
PRKCG TTRFOXJ Strong Biomarker [18]
QPCT TTJ7YTV Strong Biomarker [19]
SCN5A TTZOVE0 Strong Biomarker [20]
TNNI3 TTNLDK6 Strong Altered Expression [21]
DMD TTWLFXU Definitive Biomarker [22]
HCRT TTU5HJP Definitive Altered Expression [23]
PLCB1 TTLPGU7 Definitive Biomarker [24]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 21 DTT(s)
This Disease Is Related to 2 DME Molecule(s)
Gene Name DME ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
FXN DEXVHDB moderate Biomarker [25]
CYP2A13 DEXZA9U Strong Biomarker [26]
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This Disease Is Related to 51 DOT Molecule(s)
Gene Name DOT ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
APOC2 OTLINYIQ Limited Biomarker [27]
ASB2 OTF9LV7L Limited Biomarker [28]
CEBPD OTNBIPMY Limited Altered Expression [29]
CELF1 OT6JQ5RS Limited Biomarker [30]
CKM OTME0KO7 Limited Genetic Variation [31]
DDX6 OTKWXVDY Limited Altered Expression [32]
DMWD OT0CBZ6F Limited Genetic Variation [33]
MBNL1 OTOV7J85 Limited Altered Expression [29]
MMD OTB5I4OC Limited Genetic Variation [6]
OXA1L OTS0BFRD Limited Biomarker [34]
RBFOX1 OTFPKEL7 Limited Biomarker [35]
RSPH6A OTJ96T2F Limited Genetic Variation [36]
SIX5 OTT1I9WY Limited Genetic Variation [37]
SPEN OT37A2MD Limited Biomarker [38]
AMPH OTWPGWZX Strong Biomarker [39]
APOC1 OTA58CED Strong Biomarker [26]
ARF3 OTYYQX85 Strong Biomarker [40]
ATP1A3 OTM8EG6H Strong Biomarker [41]
BCL3 OT1M5B95 Strong Biomarker [42]
BIN1 OTK8O0X8 Strong Biomarker [39]
BPIFA2 OTLFSDZD Strong Biomarker [43]
CDC42BPB OTO6NT7Q Strong Biomarker [44]
CELF2 OTLJJ4VT Strong Biomarker [45]
CELF6 OT111JZ3 Strong Biomarker [46]
CLIP1 OTTGAEJE Strong Altered Expression [8]
CLIP2 OTSCIQIY Strong Altered Expression [8]
CYP2A7 OTRJ3P2Z Strong Biomarker [26]
DESI1 OTFNIW98 Strong Biomarker [47]
ERCC1 OTNPYQHI Strong Biomarker [48]
FAM107B OT5RG4J0 Strong Altered Expression [8]
GPR4 OTIBF32I Strong Biomarker [49]
JPH3 OTHTJO2I Strong Genetic Variation [50]
LDB3 OTGQL1AM Strong Biomarker [17]
MYOG OTPLJKFA Strong Altered Expression [51]
NKX2-5 OTS1SAWM Strong Altered Expression [52]
OPN1MW OTPJ7LX4 Strong Biomarker [53]
PRRT2 OTCJUBDO Strong Biomarker [17]
PSPH OTV1PVAX Strong Biomarker [43]
PSPN OT54LLZJ Strong Biomarker [43]
RAB1B OTAFCUAS Strong Biomarker [40]
RAB6B OT5N57RK Strong Biomarker [40]
RAN OT2TER5M Strong Biomarker [54]
RANGAP1 OTZGD3LJ Strong Genetic Variation [55]
RAP1B OTHEIIMM Strong Biomarker [40]
RAP2B OTD2NDQP Strong Biomarker [40]
REM1 OTUXL0HC Strong Biomarker [56]
RIDA OTW4098I Strong Biomarker [43]
SLC35G1 OTKZUA8O Strong Biomarker [47]
SRSF2 OTVDHO6U Strong Genetic Variation [57]
STXBP3 OTTTYMAQ Strong Biomarker [43]
SYN1 OTMNPWC1 Strong Altered Expression [58]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 51 DOT(s)

References

1 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03692312) Efficacy and Safety of Tideglusib in Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
2 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
3 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02312011) A Safety andTolerability Study of Multiple Doses of ISIS-DMPKRx in Adults With Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
4 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 1505).
5 The ChEMBL database in 2017. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D945-D954.
6 Myocardial fibrosis by late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myotonic muscular dystrophy type 1: highly prevalent but not associated with surface conduction abnormality.J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2019 May 2;21(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s12968-019-0535-6.
7 On the Applicability of Elastic Network Models for the Study of RNA CUG Trinucleotide Repeat Overexpansion.PLoS One. 2016 Mar 24;11(3):e0152049. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152049. eCollection 2016.
8 MBNL Sequestration by Toxic RNAs and RNA Misprocessing in the Myotonic Dystrophy Brain.Cell Rep. 2015 Aug 18;12(7):1159-68. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.07.029. Epub 2015 Aug 6.
9 Analysis of MTMR1 expression and correlation with muscle pathological features in juvenile/adult onset myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and in myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2).Exp Mol Pathol. 2010 Oct;89(2):158-68. doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2010.05.007. Epub 2010 Jun 1.
10 No association of the SCA1 (CAG)31 allele with Huntington's disease, myotonic dystrophy type 1 and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.Psychiatr Genet. 2004 Jun;14(2):61-3. doi: 10.1097/01.ypg.0000128763.69225.77.
11 De novo myotonic dystrophy mutation in a Nigerian kindred.Am J Hum Genet. 1995 May;56(5):1067-74.
12 Characterization of the interaction of phorbol esters with the C1 domain of MRCK (myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42 binding kinase) alpha/beta.J Biol Chem. 2008 Apr 18;283(16):10543-9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M707463200. Epub 2008 Feb 7.
13 Myotonic dystrophy: is a narrow focus obscuring the rest of the field?.Curr Opin Neurol. 2012 Oct;25(5):609-13. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0b013e328357b0d9.
14 A benign congenital myopathy in an inbred Samaritan family.Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2006 Jul;10(4):182-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2006.06.003. Epub 2006 Sep 7.
15 Genetic linkage between the loci for myotonic dystrophy and peptidase D.Ann Hum Genet. 1983 May;47(2):117-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1983.tb00978.x.
16 The reproductive outcome of female patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) undergoing PGD is not affected by the size of the expanded CTG repeat tract.J Assist Reprod Genet. 2010 Jun;27(6):327-33. doi: 10.1007/s10815-010-9392-9. Epub 2010 Mar 11.
17 LDB3 splicing abnormalities are specific to skeletal muscles of patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 and alter its PKC binding affinity.Neurobiol Dis. 2014 Sep;69:200-5. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.05.026. Epub 2014 May 27.
18 Recombination events that locate myotonic dystrophy distal to APOC2 on 19q.Genomics. 1989 Nov;5(4):746-51. doi: 10.1016/0888-7543(89)90116-x.
19 Relationship between parental trinucleotide GCT repeat length and severity of myotonic dystrophy in offspring.JAMA. 1993 Apr 21;269(15):1960-5.
20 Splicing misregulation of SCN5A contributes to cardiac-conduction delay and heart arrhythmia in myotonic dystrophy.Nat Commun. 2016 Apr 11;7:11067. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11067.
21 Correction: Elevated plasma levels of cardiac troponin-I predict left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1: A multicentre cohort follow-up study.PLoS One. 2017 Apr 6;12(4):e0175615. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175615. eCollection 2017.
22 Abnormal splicing switch of DMD's penultimate exon compromises muscle fibre maintenance in myotonic dystrophy.Nat Commun. 2015 May 28;6:7205. doi: 10.1038/ncomms8205.
23 Orexin/hypocretin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and characteristics of patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 with excessive daytime sleepiness.Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2018 Feb 8;14:451-457. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S158651. eCollection 2018.
24 Nuclear Inositide Signaling Via Phospholipase C.J Cell Biochem. 2017 Aug;118(8):1969-1978. doi: 10.1002/jcb.25894. Epub 2017 Apr 25.
25 Elevated Global DNA Methylation Is Not Exclusive to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Is Also Observed in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Types 1 and 2.Neurodegener Dis. 2018;18(1):38-48. doi: 10.1159/000486201. Epub 2018 Feb 9.
26 Linkage relationships of the apolipoprotein C1 gene and a cytochrome P450 gene (CYP2A) to myotonic dystrophy.Hum Genet. 1990 Aug;85(3):305-10. doi: 10.1007/BF00206751.
27 Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for myotonic dystrophy type 1: detection of crossover between the gene and the linked marker APOC2.Prenat Diagn. 2007 Feb;27(2):111-6. doi: 10.1002/pd.1611.
28 High-throughput analysis of the RNA-induced silencing complex in myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients identifies the dysregulation of miR-29c and its target ASB2.Cell Death Dis. 2018 Jun 28;9(7):729. doi: 10.1038/s41419-018-0769-5.
29 Conserved functions of RNA-binding proteins in muscle.Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2019 May;110:29-49. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.02.008. Epub 2019 Feb 25.
30 Mir-206 partially rescues myogenesis deficiency by inhibiting CUGBP1 accumulation in the cell models of myotonic dystrophy.Neurol Res. 2019 Jan;41(1):9-18. doi: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1493963. Epub 2018 Oct 3.
31 The 1.5-Mb region spanning the myotonic dystrophy locus shows uniform recombination frequency.Am J Hum Genet. 1994 Jan;54(1):104-13.
32 DDX6 regulates sequestered nuclear CUG-expanded DMPK-mRNA in dystrophia myotonica type 1.Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Jun;42(11):7186-200. doi: 10.1093/nar/gku352. Epub 2014 May 3.
33 Myotonic dystrophy is associated with a reduced level of RNA from the DMWD allele adjacent to the expanded repeat.Hum Mol Genet. 1999 Aug;8(8):1491-7. doi: 10.1093/hmg/8.8.1491.
34 Muscleblind-Like 1 and Muscleblind-Like 3 Depletion Synergistically Enhances Myotonia by Altering Clc-1 RNA Translation.EBioMedicine. 2015 Jul 31;2(9):1034-47. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.07.028. eCollection 2015 Sep.
35 RBFOX1 cooperates with MBNL1 to control splicing in muscle, including events altered in myotonic dystrophy type 1.PLoS One. 2014 Sep 11;9(9):e107324. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107324. eCollection 2014.
36 A mammalian radial spokehead-like gene, RSHL1, at the myotonic dystrophy-1 locus.Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Mar 9;281(4):835-41. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4465.
37 Transgenic mouse models for myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1).Cytogenet Genome Res. 2003;100(1-4):230-42. doi: 10.1159/000072859.
38 RNA steady-state defects in myotonic dystrophy are linked to nuclear exclusion of SHARP.EMBO Rep. 2011 Jul 1;12(7):735-42. doi: 10.1038/embor.2011.86.
39 N-WASP is required for Amphiphysin-2/BIN1-dependent nuclear positioning and triad organization in skeletal muscle and is involved in the pathophysiology of centronuclear myopathy.EMBO Mol Med. 2014 Nov;6(11):1455-75. doi: 10.15252/emmm.201404436.
40 The small GTP-binding protein Rho binds to and activates a 160 kDa Ser/Thr protein kinase homologous to myotonic dystrophy kinase.EMBO J. 1996 Apr 15;15(8):1885-93.
41 Localization of a human Na+,K+-ATPase alpha subunit gene to chromosome 19q12----q13.2 and linkage to the myotonic dystrophy locus.Genomics. 1988 Nov;3(4):380-4. doi: 10.1016/0888-7543(88)90131-0.
42 Myotonic dystrophy: molecular analysis of Israeli patients.Biomed Pharmacother. 1994;48(8-9):373-80. doi: 10.1016/0753-3322(94)90054-x.
43 Coexistence of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy With Pontocerebellar Atrophy and Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1.J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2019 Aug 1;78(8):756-762. doi: 10.1093/jnen/nlz048.
44 Discovery of Potent and Selective MRCK Inhibitors with Therapeutic Effect on Skin Cancer.Cancer Res. 2018 Apr 15;78(8):2096-2114. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-2870. Epub 2018 Jan 30.
45 Mis-splicing of Tau exon 10 in myotonic dystrophy type 1 is reproduced by overexpression of CELF2 but not by MBNL1 silencing.Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Jul;1812(7):732-42. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.03.010. Epub 2011 Mar 23.
46 RNA-binding protein CELF6 is cell cycle regulated and controls cancer cell proliferation by stabilizing p21.Cell Death Dis. 2019 Sep 18;10(10):688. doi: 10.1038/s41419-019-1927-0.
47 Receptor and post-receptor abnormalities contribute to insulin resistance in myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2 skeletal muscle.PLoS One. 2017 Sep 15;12(9):e0184987. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184987. eCollection 2017.
48 Characterization of a YAC and cosmid contig containing markers tightly linked to the myotonic dystrophy locus on chromosome 19.Genomics. 1992 Jul;13(3):526-31. doi: 10.1016/0888-7543(92)90120-h.
49 Isolation of a novel G protein-coupled receptor (GPR4) localized to chromosome 19q13.3.Genomics. 1995 Nov 1;30(1):84-8. doi: 10.1006/geno.1995.0013.
50 Huntington's disease--like 2 is associated with CUG repeat-containing RNA foci.Ann Neurol. 2007 Mar;61(3):272-82. doi: 10.1002/ana.21081.
51 Overexpression of myotonic dystrophy kinase in BC3H1 cells induces the skeletal muscle phenotype.J Biol Chem. 1996 Jan 5;271(1):548-52. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.1.548.
52 RNA toxicity in myotonic muscular dystrophy induces NKX2-5 expression.Nat Genet. 2008 Jan;40(1):61-8. doi: 10.1038/ng.2007.28. Epub 2007 Dec 16.
53 A role for cannabinoids in the treatment of myotonia? Report of compassionate use in a small cohort of patients.J Neurol. 2020 Feb;267(2):415-421. doi: 10.1007/s00415-019-09593-6. Epub 2019 Oct 26.
54 Repeat-Associated Non-ATG Translation in Neurological Diseases.Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2018 Dec 3;10(12):a033019. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033019.
55 Dynamic balance of segregation distortion and selection maintains normal allele sizes at the myotonic dystrophy locus.Math Biosci. 1998 Jan 1;147(1):93-112. doi: 10.1016/s0025-5564(97)00082-5.
56 Muscleblind-like 2-mediated alternative splicing in the developing brain and dysregulation in myotonic dystrophy.Neuron. 2012 Aug 9;75(3):437-50. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.05.029.
57 Defining early steps in mRNA transport: mutant mRNA in myotonic dystrophy type I is blocked at entry into SC-35 domains.J Cell Biol. 2007 Sep 10;178(6):951-64. doi: 10.1083/jcb.200706048.
58 Myotonic dystrophy CTG expansion affects synaptic vesicle proteins, neurotransmission and mouse behaviour.Brain. 2013 Mar;136(Pt 3):957-70. doi: 10.1093/brain/aws367. Epub 2013 Feb 11.