Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC23QD8)

Drug Combination Name
Capsaicin Tramadol
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Or Peripheral Nerve Injury (PNI) Phase 1 [1]
Component Drugs Capsaicin   DMGMF6V Tramadol   DMRQD04
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Capsaicin
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Back pain ME84.Z Approved [2]
Neuropathic pain 8E43.0 Approved [3]
Pain MG30-MG3Z Approved [2]
Peripheral neuropathy 8C0Z Approved [2]
Polyneuropathy N.A. Approved [2]
Postherpetic neuralgia 1E91.5 Approved [2]
Type-1/2 diabetes 5A10-5A11 Approved [2]
Diabetic neuropathy 8C0Z Investigative [2]
Neuralgia N.A. Investigative [2]
Capsaicin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Transient receptor potential cation channel V1 (TRPV1) TTMI6F5 TRPV1_HUMAN Agonist [12]
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Capsaicin Interacts with 9 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [13]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) DEJGDUW CP1A2_HUMAN Metabolism [13]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) DE6OQ3W CP1A1_HUMAN Metabolism [13]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) DECB0K3 CP2D6_HUMAN Metabolism [13]
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) DEVDYN7 CP2E1_HUMAN Metabolism [13]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) DES5XRU CP2C8_HUMAN Metabolism [13]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) DE5IED8 CP2C9_HUMAN Metabolism [13]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) DEPKLMQ CP2B6_HUMAN Metabolism [13]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) DEGTFWK CP2CJ_HUMAN Metabolism [13]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 9 DME(s)
Capsaicin Interacts with 118 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) OTFMJYYE CP2CJ_HUMAN Decreases Activity [14]
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) OTRIPICX NPC1_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Delta(14)-sterol reductase TM7SF2 (TM7SF2) OTILU5S7 ERG24_HUMAN Decreases Expression [15]
Fatty acid CoA ligase Acsl3 (ACSL3) OT3MWER1 ACSL3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [15]
Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (TGFB1) OTV5XHVH TGFB1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [15]
Apolipoprotein C-I (APOC1) OTA58CED APOC1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [15]
Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte (FABP4) OT3DKFOU FABP4_HUMAN Decreases Expression [15]
Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 (ATF4) OTRFV19J ATF4_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) OTPAFCPQ SCP2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [15]
Interleukin-12 subunit beta (IL12B) OT0JF8A3 IL12B_HUMAN Decreases Expression [15]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) OTN0ZWAE CDN2A_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-alpha (FOXA1) OTEBY0TD FOXA1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [15]
Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) OTM0A0DY ACOX1_HUMAN Increases Expression [15]
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A (EIF2A) OTWXELQP EIF2A_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [15]
Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PCTP) OTM36JXE PPCT_HUMAN Decreases Expression [15]
Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI1) OT14KP4B TPIS_HUMAN Increases Expression [16]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A (TNFRSF10A) OTBPCU2O TR10A_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (APAF1) OTJWIVY0 APAF_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B (TNFRSF10B) OTA1CPBV TR10B_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5) OTILXZYL BIRC5_HUMAN Decreases Expression [18]
CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator (CFLAR) OTX14BAS CFLAR_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) OT0KMIYQ RIPK2_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like (BNIP3L) OTJKOMXE BNI3L_HUMAN Decreases Expression [17]
Nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) OT4FU8C0 NUPR1_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 (ERN1) OTY9R6FZ ERN1_HUMAN Increases Expression [19]
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1) OTRDIR5M TRPA1_HUMAN Increases Activity [20]
BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 3 (BAG3) OTVXYUDQ BAG3_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial (AIFM1) OTKPWB7Q AIFM1_HUMAN Affects Localization [21]
B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 (BCL10) OT47MCLI BCL10_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 (CHEK2) OT8ZPCNS CHK2_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial (GLUD1) OTXKOCUH DHE3_HUMAN Increases Expression [22]
Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1) OTOXC51H TIMP1_HUMAN Increases Expression [23]
Protein c-Fos (FOS) OTJBUVWS FOS_HUMAN Decreases Expression [17]
Myc proto-oncogene protein (MYC) OTPV5LUK MYC_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Calcitonin (CALCA) OTZ11LHB CALC_HUMAN Increases Expression [24]
Albumin (ALB) OTVMM513 ALBU_HUMAN Increases Expression [22]
Interstitial collagenase (MMP1) OTI4I2V1 MMP1_HUMAN Increases Expression [23]
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 (ERBB2) OTOAUNCK ERBB2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [25]
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (SERPINE1) OTT0MPQ3 PAI1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [23]
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 (EIF2S1) OTM0GDTP IF2A_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [19]
Transcription factor Jun (JUN) OTCYBO6X JUN_HUMAN Decreases Expression [17]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Increases Expression [26]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1) OT310QSG PARP1_HUMAN Increases Adp-Ribosylation [27]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) OTS7T5VH IL8_HUMAN Increases Expression [28]
Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) OT6UYT3X MTAP2_HUMAN Increases Expression [29]
Granzyme A (GZMA) OT43R33L GRAA_HUMAN Increases Expression [23]
Myosin light chain 4 (MYL4) OTURFCSE MYL4_HUMAN Decreases Expression [9]
Cadherin-1 (CDH1) OTFJMXPM CADH1_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) OTQ01ZAS GFAP_HUMAN Increases Expression [29]
Histone H2AX (H2AX) OT18UX57 H2AX_HUMAN Increases Localization [27]
Cadherin-2 (CDH2) OTH0Y56P CADH2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [6]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A) OT2D9DOV TNR1A_HUMAN Increases Expression [23]
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit (NFKB1) OTNRRD8I NFKB1_HUMAN Affects Expression [17]
Protachykinin-1 (TAC1) OTM842YW TKN1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [30]
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial (COX5A) OTP0961M COX5A_HUMAN Increases Expression [22]
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B (NME2) OTCYGLHV NDKB_HUMAN Increases Expression [23]
Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha (GADD45A) OTDRV63V GA45A_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS) OTP9XG86 TNR6_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Protein S100-A4 (S100A4) OTLRGFSQ S10A4_HUMAN Increases Expression [23]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) OTCYKGKO MK03_HUMAN Decreases Activity [31]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) OTH85PI5 MK01_HUMAN Decreases Activity [31]
Peroxiredoxin-6 (PRDX6) OTS8KC8A PRDX6_HUMAN Increases Expression [22]
Metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 (TIMP3) OTDGQAD1 TIMP3_HUMAN Increases Expression [23]
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (DDIT3) OTI8YKKE DDIT3_HUMAN Increases Expression [32]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A) OTQWHCZE CDN1A_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain (COL18A1) OTJFUH6O COIA1_HUMAN Increases Expression [23]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8) OTEREYS5 MK08_HUMAN Increases Activity [31]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 (MAPK9) OTCEVJ9E MK09_HUMAN Increases Activity [33]
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A (HTR3A) OTAIV1AK 5HT3A_HUMAN Decreases Activity [34]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) OTNY5LLZ CDN1B_HUMAN Decreases Expression [27]
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform (CPT1A) OTI862QH CPT1A_HUMAN Increases Expression [35]
Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 (TNFSF10) OT4PXBTA TNF10_HUMAN Increases Expression [36]
Death-associated protein 1 (DAP) OT5YLL7E DAP1_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek2 (NEK2) OT1H27HO NEK2_HUMAN Increases Expression [9]
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 (PRKAA2) OTU1KZPV AAPK2_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [6]
BH3-interacting domain death agonist (BID) OTOSHSHU BID_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Sestrin-3 (SESN3) OTJRY1Y5 SESN3_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Casein kinase II subunit beta (CSNK2B) OT2WW7R1 CSK2B_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [37]
Casein kinase II subunit alpha (CSNK2A1) OT9T8WQM CSK21_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [37]
Mucin-5AC (MUC5AC) OTJV8O04 MUC5A_HUMAN Increases Secretion [38]
Transcription factor E2F1 (E2F1) OTLKYBBC E2F1_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Transcription factor p65 (RELA) OTUJP9CN TF65_HUMAN Decreases Localization [39]
Bcl-2-like protein 1 (BCL2L1) OTRC5K9O B2CL1_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 2 (BNIP2) OTVZD4H6 BNIP2_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) OT4SO7J4 BNIP3_HUMAN Decreases Expression [17]
TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) OT5TQBGV TRAF3_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 (PRKAA1) OT7TNF0L AAPK1_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [6]
Serine-protein kinase ATM (ATM) OTQVOHLT ATM_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC2) OTFXFREP BIRC2_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK1) OTDP6ILW BAK_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Small ubiquitin-related modifier 4 (SUMO4) OT9B447E SUMO4_HUMAN Increases Expression [22]
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) OT7ACGYK TRPM8_HUMAN Increases Activity [20]
Tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 (TP53INP2) OT0GTBXO T53I2_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIML1 (TRIML1) OTKKSF1S TRIML_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Arrestin domain-containing protein 4 (ARRDC4) OTINJ0FX ARRD4_HUMAN Decreases Expression [9]
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) OTHHDR03 TRPV1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [30]
Folliculin (FLCN) OTVM78XM FLCN_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 15 (MAPK15) OT8SW0L7 MK15_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Bcl2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) OT63ERYM BAD_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 25 (TNFRSF25) OTVZ7I3A TNR25_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Optineurin (OPTN) OT2UXWH9 OPTN_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Ras-related protein Rab-39B (RAB39B) OTDCLLT0 RB39B_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) OTG5OS7X TRIB3_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
TNF receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) OTJLRVMC TRAF4_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial (PINK1) OT50NR57 PINK1_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Autophagy protein 5 (ATG5) OT4T5SMS ATG5_HUMAN Increases Expression [27]
Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A (MAP1LC3A) OTPMGIU4 MLP3A_HUMAN Affects Localization [6]
Ras-related GTP-binding protein C (RRAGC) OTV3XCV8 RRAGC_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Mucin-5B (MUC5B) OTPW6K5C MUC5B_HUMAN Increases Secretion [40]
Ras-related GTP-binding protein D (RRAGD) OTXLVWAH RRAGD_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Protein DEPP1 (DEPP1) OTB36PHJ DEPP1_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Bcl-2-associated transcription factor 1 (BCLAF1) OT7T8H6A BCLF1_HUMAN Increases Expression [17]
F-box/LRR-repeat protein 2 (FBXL2) OT5EZ7PD FBXL2_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) OTDCNTC3 PTN22_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
Sestrin-1 (SESN1) OTSFDZWL SESN1_HUMAN Increases Expression [6]
NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 (ND1) OTCLGIXV NU1M_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [41]
Ecto-NOX disulfide-thiol exchanger 2 (ENOX2) OTMDA97Z ENOX2_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [42]
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 (TRPV6) OTZ0LGNO TRPV6_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [43]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 118 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Tramadol
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [4]
Pain MG30-MG3Z Approved [5]
Chronic pain MG30 Investigative [4]
Premature ejaculation HA03.0Z Investigative [4]
Tramadol Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
5-HT 2C receptor (HTR2C) TTWJBZ5 5HT2C_HUMAN Modulator [44]
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Tramadol Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [45]
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Tramadol Interacts with 4 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [46]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) DEYGVN4 UD11_HUMAN Metabolism [47]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) DECB0K3 CP2D6_HUMAN Metabolism [46]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) DEPKLMQ CP2B6_HUMAN Metabolism [46]
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Tramadol Interacts with 3 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Creatine kinase B-type (CKB) OTUCKOTT KCRB_HUMAN Decreases Expression [48]
NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial (NDUFS1) OTTIZDFR NDUS1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [48]
kinase isozyme 3, mitochondrial (PDK3) OTCPSTID PDK3_HUMAN Increases Expression [48]
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References

1 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01416116) Method of Pre-treatment for Application of QUTENZA Capsaicin 8% Patch
2 Capsaicin FDA Label
3 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 2486).
4 Tramadol FDA Label
5 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 8286).
6 Capsaicin inhibits the migration, invasion and EMT of renal cancer cells by inducing AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. Chem Biol Interact. 2022 Oct 1;366:110043. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110043. Epub 2022 Aug 28.
7 Capsaicin regulates vascular endothelial cell growth factor expression by modulation of hypoxia inducing factor-1alpha in human malignant melanoma cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2002 Sep;128(9):461-8. doi: 10.1007/s00432-002-0368-8. Epub 2002 Aug 21.
8 VCAM-1 expression on human dermal microvascular endothelial cells is directly and specifically up-regulated by substance P. J Immunol. 1999 Feb 1;162(3):1656-61.
9 Neurotoxicity and underlying cellular changes of 21 mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors. Arch Toxicol. 2021 Feb;95(2):591-615. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02970-5. Epub 2021 Jan 29.
10 Effects of novel capsinoid treatment on fatness and energy metabolism in humans: possible pharmacogenetic implications. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jan;89(1):45-50. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26561. Epub 2008 Dec 3.
11 Differential and special properties of the major human UGT1-encoded gastrointestinal UDP-glucuronosyltransferases enhance potential to control chemical uptake. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jan 9;279(2):1429-41.
12 Capsaicin receptor: TRPV1 a promiscuous TRP channel. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2007;(179):155-71.
13 Metabolism of capsaicin by cytochrome P450 produces novel dehydrogenated metabolites and decreases cytotoxicity to lung and liver cells. Chem Res Toxicol. 2003 Mar;16(3):336-49.
14 Effects of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin on human and rat liver microsomal CYP450 enzyme activities in vitro and in vivo. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2012;14(4):382-95.
15 Induction of the endoplasmic reticulum stress protein GADD153/CHOP by capsaicin in prostate PC-3 cells: a microarray study. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Aug 8;372(4):785-91.
16 Capsaicin induced the upregulation of transcriptional and translational expression of glycolytic enzymes related to energy metabolism in human intestinal epithelial cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Dec 9;57(23):11148-53.
17 Triggering of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) by capsaicin induces Fas/CD95-mediated apoptosis of urothelial cancer cells in an ATM-dependent manner. Carcinogenesis. 2009 Aug;30(8):1320-9. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgp138. Epub 2009 Jun 5.
18 Capsaicin is a novel blocker of constitutive and interleukin-6-inducible STAT3 activation. Clin Cancer Res. 2007 May 15;13(10):3024-32. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-2575.
19 Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy/apoptosis induced by capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) and dihydrocapsaicin is regulated by the extent of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in WI38 lung epithelial fibroblast cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 Apr;329(1):112-22. doi: 10.1124/jpet.108.144113. Epub 2009 Jan 12.
20 The anthelminthic drug praziquantel is a selective agonist of the sensory transient receptor potential melastatin type 8 channel. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2017 Dec 1;336:55-65. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.10.012. Epub 2017 Oct 18.
21 Capsaicin induces apoptosis in SCC-4 human tongue cancer cells through mitochondria-dependent and -independent pathways. Environ Toxicol. 2012 May;27(6):332-41. doi: 10.1002/tox.20646. Epub 2010 Oct 5.
22 A comparative proteomic analysis for capsaicin-induced apoptosis between human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and human neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells. Proteomics. 2008 Nov;8(22):4748-67. doi: 10.1002/pmic.200800094.
23 Capsaicin promotes a more aggressive gene expression phenotype and invasiveness in null-TRPV1 urothelial cancer cells. Carcinogenesis. 2011 May;32(5):686-94. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgr025. Epub 2011 Feb 10.
24 Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1-mediated expression and secretion of endothelial cell-derived calcitonin gene-related peptide. Regul Pept. 2008 Oct 9;150(1-3):66-72. doi: 10.1016/j.regpep.2008.05.007. Epub 2008 Jun 3.
25 Capsaicin causes cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in ER-positive and -negative breast cancer cells by modulating the EGFR/HER-2 pathway. Oncogene. 2010 Jan 14;29(2):285-96. doi: 10.1038/onc.2009.335. Epub 2009 Oct 26.
26 Effects of capsaicin on P-gp function and expression in Caco-2 cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2006 Jun 14;71(12):1727-34. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.03.024. Epub 2006 Apr 18.
27 Role of autophagy in chemoresistance: regulation of the ATM-mediated DNA-damage signaling pathway through activation of DNA-PKcs and PARP-1. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Mar 15;83(6):747-57. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.12.029. Epub 2011 Dec 29.
28 Calcium-dependent and independent mechanisms of capsaicin receptor (TRPV1)-mediated cytokine production and cell death in human bronchial epithelial cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2005;19(4):266-75. doi: 10.1002/jbt.20084.
29 Capsaicin induces apoptosis and terminal differentiation in human glioma A172 cells. Life Sci. 2008 May 7;82(19-20):997-1003. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.02.020. Epub 2008 Mar 10.
30 Expression of vanilloid receptor subtype 1 in cutaneous sensory nerve fibers, mast cells, and epithelial cells of appendage structures. Exp Dermatol. 2004 Mar;13(3):129-39. doi: 10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.0178.x.
31 Roles of JNK-1 and p38 in selective induction of apoptosis by capsaicin in ras-transformed human breast epithelial cells. Int J Cancer. 2003 Feb 10;103(4):475-82. doi: 10.1002/ijc.10855.
32 Structure-activity relationship of capsaicin analogs and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1-mediated human lung epithelial cell toxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011 May;337(2):400-10. doi: 10.1124/jpet.110.178491. Epub 2011 Feb 22.
33 Induction of apoptosis by vanilloid compounds does not require de novo gene transcription and activator protein 1 activity. Cell Growth Differ. 1998 Mar;9(3):277-86.
34 Activation and modulation of recombinantly expressed serotonin receptor type 3A by terpenes and pungent substances. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015 Nov 27;467(4):1090-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.074. Epub 2015 Oct 9.
35 Capsaicin attenuates palmitate-induced expression of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 and interleukin 8 by increasing palmitate oxidation and reducing c-Jun activation in THP-1 (human acute monocytic leukemia cell) cells. Nutr Res. 2011 Jun;31(6):468-78. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.05.007. Epub 2011 Jun 17.
36 Capsaicin sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis through Sp1-mediated DR5 up-regulation: involvement of Ca(2+) influx. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 Feb 15;259(1):87-95. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.12.010. Epub 2011 Dec 19.
37 Capsaicin, a component of red peppers, stimulates protein kinase CKII activity. BMB Rep. 2010 May;43(5):325-9. doi: 10.5483/bmbrep.2010.43.5.325.
38 Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptors mediate acid-induced mucin secretion via Ca2+ influx in human airway epithelial cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2012 May;26(5):179-86. doi: 10.1002/jbt.20413. Epub 2012 May 7.
39 Suppression of phorbol ester-induced NF-kappaB activation by capsaicin in cultured human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2002 Aug;25(4):475-9. doi: 10.1007/BF02976605.
40 TRPV1 and TRPA1 stimulation induces MUC5B secretion in the human nasal airway in vivo. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2011 Nov;31(6):435-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097X.2011.01039.x. Epub 2011 Jul 26.
41 Food derived respiratory complex I inhibitors modify the effect of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy mutations. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018 Oct;120:89-97. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.014. Epub 2018 Jul 6.
42 tNOX is both necessary and sufficient as a cellular target for the anticancer actions of capsaicin and the green tea catechin (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Biofactors. 2004;20(4):235-49.
43 TRPV6 mediates capsaicin-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells--Mechanisms behind a possible new "hot" cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Apr;1773(4):565-76. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.01.001. Epub 2007 Jan 10.
44 The inhibitory effects of tramadol on 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2C receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Anesth Analg. 2004 May;98(5):1401-6, table of contents.
45 Tramadol hydrochloride: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse side effects, co-administration of drugs and new drug delivery systems. Biomed Pharmacother. 2015 Mar;70:234-8.
46 Clinical pharmacology of tramadol. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2004;43(13):879-923.
47 Drug-drug interactions for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates: a pharmacokinetic explanation for typically observed low exposure (AUCi/AUC) ratios. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Nov;32(11):1201-8.
48 Comparative study of the neurotoxicological effects of tramadol and tapentadol in SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicology. 2016 Jun 1;359-360:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.06.010. Epub 2016 Jun 15.