Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCUXCY2)

• Drug Combination Name: Carvedilol + Idarubicin
• Indication: Glioblastoma?; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Carvedilol (DMHTEAO): Small molecular drug
  Idarubicin (DMM0XGL): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: T98G
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 16.9
  Bliss Independence Score: 16.9
  Loewe Additivity Score: 9.47
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 9.47

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Carvedilol

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Chronic heart failure	BD1Z	Approved	[2]
Congestive heart failure	BD10	Approved	[3]
Pulmonary hypertension	BB01	Approved	[2]
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)	1D6Y	Investigative	[4]

Carvedilol Interacts with 3 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
HUAMN alpha-1 adrenergic receptor (ADRA1)	TTDBOI7	ADA1A_HUMAN; ADA1B_HUMAN; ADA1D_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[8]
Adrenergic receptor Alpha-1 (ADRA1)	TTG28O6	NOUNIPROTAC	Antagonist	[9]
HUMAN beta adrenergic receptor (BAR)	TTJB8UY	ADRB1_HUMAN; ADRB2_HUMAN; ADRB3_HUMAN	Antagonist	[4]

Carvedilol Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]

Carvedilol Interacts with 7 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[11]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Metabolism	[12]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)	DEYGVN4	UD11_HUMAN	Metabolism	[13]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[14]
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)	DEVDYN7	CP2E1_HUMAN	Metabolism	[15]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[16]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7)	DEB3CV1	UD2B7_HUMAN	Metabolism	[13]

Carvedilol Interacts with 14 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1)	OTEJROBO	MDR1_HUMAN	Increases Transport	[17]
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1)	OTQBWN4U	ADRB1_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[18]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[19]
Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 (KCNK3)	OTWMAV6G	KCNK3_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[20]
Renin (REN)	OT52GZR2	RENI_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[21]
Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (TGFB1)	OTV5XHVH	TGFB1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[22]
Natriuretic peptides A (NPPA)	OTMQNTNX	ANF_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[23]
Vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin (AVP)	OTAVZ76K	NEU2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[24]
C-reactive protein (CRP)	OT0RFT8F	CRP_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[25]
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2)	OTSDOX4Q	ADRB2_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[19]
Natriuretic peptides B (NPPB)	OTSN2IPY	ANFB_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[26]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[19]
Ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2)	OT0PF19E	RYR2_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[27]
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (SRC)	OTETYX40	SRC_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[28]

Indication(s) of Idarubicin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[5]
Acute myeloid leukaemia	2A60	Approved	[6]
Adult acute monocytic leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[5]
Childhood acute megakaryoblastic leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[5]
Leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[5]

Idarubicin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2)	TT0IHXV	TOP2A_HUMAN; TOP2B_HUMAN	Modulator	[30]

Idarubicin Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1)	DTSYQGK	MRP1_HUMAN	Substrate	[31]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[32]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[32]

Idarubicin Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[33]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[33]

Idarubicin Interacts with 2 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Natriuretic peptides B (NPPB)	OTSN2IPY	ANFB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[34]
Bile acid receptor (NR1H4)	OTWZLPTB	NR1H4_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[29]

References

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• [2] Carvedilol FDA Label
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 551).
• [4] Can beta-adrenergic blockers be used in the treatment of COVID-19 Med Hypotheses. 2020 May 5;142:109809.
• [5] Idarubicin FDA Label
• [6] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7083).
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• [8] Carvedilol increases the production of interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma and improves the survival of mice infected with the encephalomyocarditis virus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003 Jan 15;41(2):340-5.
• [9] Beta-blockers in the treatment of hypertension: are there clinically relevant differences Postgrad Med. 2009 May;121(3):90-8.
• [10] Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2018 Classic Shirt-Pocket Edition.
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• [14] Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
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• [19] A unique mechanism of beta-blocker action: carvedilol stimulates beta-arrestin signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Oct 16;104(42):16657-62. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0707936104. Epub 2007 Oct 9.
• [20] Carvedilol targets human K2P 3.1 (TASK1) K+ leak channels. Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Jul;163(5):1099-110. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01319.x.
• [21] Effect of carvedilol and metoprolol on blood pressure, blood flow, and vascular resistance. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1987;10 Suppl 11:S124-9.
• [22] [Arterial hypertension and oxidative stress induced by cyclosporin. Effect of carvedilol]. Ann Ital Med Int. 2001 Apr-Jun;16(2):101-5.
• [23] Effects of carvedilol on atrial natriuretic peptide, catecholamines, and hemodynamics in hypertension at rest and during exercise. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1992;19 Suppl 1:S90-6. doi: 10.1097/00005344-199219001-00018.
• [24] Lower plasma noradrenaline and blood viscosity on carvedilol vs atenolol in men with recent myocardial infarction. Blood Press. 2002;11(6):377-84. doi: 10.1080/080370502321095357.
• [25] Effects of carvedilol on oxidative stress in polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells in patients with essential hypertension. Am J Med. 2004 Apr 1;116(7):460-5. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.10.029.
• [26] Effect of carvedilol on plasma adiponectin concentration in patients with chronic heart failure. Circ J. 2009 Jun;73(6):1067-73. doi: 10.1253/circj.cj-08-1026. Epub 2009 Apr 14.
• [27] Beta-blockers restore calcium release channel function and improve cardiac muscle performance in human heart failure. Circulation. 2003 May 20;107(19):2459-66. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000068316.53218.49. Epub 2003 May 12.
• [28] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [29] Quantitative high-throughput profiling of environmental chemicals and drugs that modulate farnesoid X receptor. Sci Rep. 2014 Sep 26;4:6437. doi: 10.1038/srep06437.
• [30] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
• [31] Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
• [32] Amonafide L-malate is not a substrate for multidrug resistance proteins in secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2008 Nov;22(11):2110-5.
• [33] In vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions between cytarabine, idarubicin, itraconazole and caspofungin. Hematology. 2004 Jun;9(3):217-21.
• [34] The use of biochemical markers in cardiotoxicity monitoring in patients treated for leukemia. Neoplasma. 2005;52(5):430-4.