General Information of Drug (ID: DMI4EL5)

Drug Name
Ketorolac Drug Info
Synonyms
Ketoralac; Ketorolaco; Ketorolacum; Macril; Ketorolaco [Spanish]; Ketorolacum [Latin]; RS 37619; Acular (TN); Ketorolac (INN); Ketorolac [INN:BAN]; RS-37619; Toradol (TN); (+-)-5-Benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid; (+-)-Ketorolac; (+-)-isomer; (+/-)-2,3-Dihydro-5-benzoyl-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid; 1H-Pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid, 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro; 5-(phenylcarbonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid; 5-Benzoyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo(1,2a)pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid; 5-Benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Postoperative inflammation 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [1]
Therapeutic Class
Analgesics
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
3826
ChEBI ID
CHEMBL469
CAS Number
CAS 74103-06-3
TTD Drug ID
DMI4EL5
INTEDE Drug ID
DR0908
ACDINA Drug ID
D00344

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas
Molecule Type:
DTT
DME
DOT
Drug Status:
Approved Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [6]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Chronic renal failure GB61.Z Approved [7]
Aspirin DM672AH Acute coronary syndrome BA41 Approved [8]
Dexibuprofen DMFYBD0 Ankylosing spondylitis FA92.0 Approved [9]
Meclofenamic acid DM05FXR Ankylosing spondylitis FA92.0 Approved [10]
Oxaprozin DM9UB0P Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [11]
Aceclofenac DMZDF0B Inflammation 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [12]
Lornoxicam DMYZFXN Migraine 8A80 Approved [13]
Morniflumate DM9UTDE Otitis media AA80-AB0Z Approved [14]
Nepafenac DMYK490 Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [15]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Metabolized By Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Fluorouracil DMUM7HZ Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [16]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [17]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [17]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [18]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [19]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Chronic renal failure GB61.Z Approved [20]
Sorafenib DMS8IFC Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [21]
Quinine DMSWYF5 Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [17]
Mycophenolate mofetil DMPQAGE Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma Approved [22]
Propofol DMB4OLE Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [23]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [24]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [25]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Chronic renal failure GB61.Z Approved [26]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [27]
Mycophenolate mofetil DMPQAGE Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma Approved [22]
Ibuprofen DM8VCBE Dysmenorrhea GA34.3 Approved [26]
PITAVASTATIN CALCIUM DM1UJO0 Dyslipidemia 5C80-5C81 Approved [28]
Troglitazone DM3VFPD Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [29]
Ezetimibe DM7A8TW Atherosclerosis BD40 Approved [30]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [31]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Ofloxacin DM0VQN3 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [5]
Clindamycin DM15HL8 Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [5]
Selenium DM25CGV N. A. N. A. Approved [32]
Ciprofloxacin XR DM2NLS9 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [5]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Arteriosclerosis BD40 Approved [5]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [33]
Isotretinoin DM4QTBN Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [34]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [35]
Thalidomide DM70BU5 Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma Approved [5]
Testosterone DM7HUNW Hot flushes GA30 Approved [36]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Selenium DM25CGV N. A. N. A. Approved [32]
Ciprofloxacin XR DM2NLS9 Acute gonococcal cervicitis Approved [5]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [37]
Omeprazole DM471KJ Cystic fibrosis CA25 Approved [5]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [33]
Erythromycin DM4K7GQ Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [5]
Isotretinoin DM4QTBN Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [34]
Lisinopril DMUOK4C Chronic heart failure BD1Z Approved [5]
Rifampicin DM5DSFZ Non-insulin dependent diabetes 5A11 Approved [5]
Glimepiride DM5FSJA Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [5]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [38]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [37]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [39]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [40]
Panobinostat DM58WKG Chronic graft versus host disease Approved [41]
Ibuprofen DM8VCBE Dysmenorrhea GA34.3 Approved [4]
Leflunomide DMR8ONJ Arthritis FA20 Approved [42]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [43]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [44]
Dasatinib DMJV2EK Blast phase chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive Approved [45]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Prostaglandin G/H synthase (COX) TTK0943 PGH1_HUMAN; PGH2_HUMAN Inhibitor [2]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) Main DME DES5XRU CP2C8_HUMAN Substrate [3]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) Main DME DEB3CV1 UD2B7_HUMAN Substrate [3]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
Endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 (EPAS1) OTRE3O8U EPAS1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [4]
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E (HLA-E) OTX1CTFB HLAE_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [5]
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G (HLA-G) OTMLK1KN HLAG_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [5]

References

1 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
2 Cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase dependence of cutaneous reactive hyperemia in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Jul;293(1):H425-32.
3 Body weight, gender and pregnancy affect enantiomer-specific ketorolac pharmacokinetics. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2017 Sep;83(9):1966-1975.
4 Ibuprofen-mediated reduction of hypoxia-inducible factors HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha in prostate cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Aug 1;9(8):3150-7.
5 Systems pharmacological analysis of drugs inducing stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 May 18;28(5):927-34. doi: 10.1021/tx5005248. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
6 Mechanism of action of paracetamol. Am J Ther. 2005 Jan-Feb;12(1):46-55.
7 Diclofenac and NS-398, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, decrease agonist-induced contractions of the pig isolated ureter. Urol Res. 2000 Dec;28(6):376-82.
8 Cyclooxygenase inhibitors: instrumental drugs to understand cardiovascular homeostasis and arterial thrombosis. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets. 2008 Dec;8(4):268-77.
9 Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of dexibuprofen and celecoxib in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Apr;41(4):153-64.
10 Interactions of PGH synthase isozymes-1 and -2 with NSAIDs. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 Nov 15;744:50-7.
11 The aryl propionic acid R-flurbiprofen selectively induces p75NTR-dependent decreased survival of prostate tumor cells. Cancer Res. 2007 Apr 1;67(7):3254-62.
12 Aceclofenac spares cyclooxygenase 1 as a result of limited but sustained biotransformation to diclofenac. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Sep;74(3):222-35.
13 The analgesic NSAID lornoxicam inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX)-1/-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the formation of interleukin (IL)-6 in vitro. Inflamm Res. 1999 Jul;48(7):369-79.
14 Modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism by orally administered morniflumate in man. Agents Actions. 1991 Jul;33(3-4):233-9.
15 Topical nepafenac inhibits ocular neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003 Jan;44(1):409-15.
16 Roles of cytochromes P450 1A2, 2A6, and 2C8 in 5-fluorouracil formation from tegafur, an anticancer prodrug, in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Dec;28(12):1457-63.
17 Role of cytochrome P450 2C8 in drug metabolism and interactions. Pharmacol Rev. 2016 Jan;68(1):168-241.
18 Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
19 Differential expression and function of CYP2C isoforms in human intestine and liver. Pharmacogenetics. 2003 Sep;13(9):565-75.
20 Analysis of human cytochrome P450 2C8 substrate specificity using a substrate pharmacophore and site-directed mutants. Biochemistry. 2004 Dec 14;43(49):15379-92.
21 Interaction of sorafenib and cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in patients with advanced melanoma: a phase I/II pharmacokinetic interaction study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2011 Nov;68(5):1111-8.
22 PharmGKB summary: mycophenolic acid pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2014 Jan;24(1):73-9.
23 Possible involvement of multiple human cytochrome P450 isoforms in the liver metabolism of propofol. Br J Anaesth. 1998 Jun;80(6):788-95.
24 Metabolism and transport of tamoxifen in relation to its effectiveness: new perspectives on an ongoing controversy. Future Oncol. 2014 Jan;10(1):107-22.
25 Determination of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT2B7 activity in human liver microsomes by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with MS detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2008 Jul 1;870(1):84-90.
26 Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
27 Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of lorazepam and valproic acid in relation to UGT2B7 genetic polymorphism in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Apr;83(4):595-600.
28 Pitavastatin: a review in hypercholesterolemia. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2017 Apr;17(2):157-168.
29 Troglitazone glucuronidation in human liver and intestine microsomes: high catalytic activity of UGT1A8 and UGT1A10. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Dec;30(12):1462-9.
30 Ezetimibe: a review of its metabolism, pharmacokinetics and drug interactions. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(5):467-94.
31 Pharmacogenomics of statins: understanding susceptibility to adverse effects. Pharmgenomics Pers Med. 2016 Oct 3;9:97-106.
32 Selenium and vitamin E: cell type- and intervention-specific tissue effects in prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009 Mar 4;101(5):306-20.
33 Differential modulation of PI3-kinase/Akt pathway during all-trans retinoic acid- and Am80-induced HL-60 cell differentiation revealed by DNA microarray analysis. Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 Dec 1;68(11):2177-86.
34 Temporal changes in gene expression in the skin of patients treated with isotretinoin provide insight into its mechanism of action. Dermatoendocrinol. 2009 May;1(3):177-87.
35 Global effects of inorganic arsenic on gene expression profile in human macrophages. Mol Immunol. 2009 Feb;46(4):649-56.
36 The exosome-like vesicles derived from androgen exposed-prostate stromal cells promote epithelial cells proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2021 Jan 15;411:115384. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115384. Epub 2020 Dec 25.
37 The contribution of methotrexate exposure and host factors on transcriptional variance in human liver. Toxicol Sci. 2007 Jun;97(2):582-94.
38 MS4A3-HSP27 target pathway reveals potential for haematopoietic disorder treatment in alimentary toxic aleukia. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2023 Feb;39(1):201-216. doi: 10.1007/s10565-021-09639-4. Epub 2021 Sep 28.
39 Flavonoids-induced accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha/2alpha is mediated through chelation of iron. J Cell Biochem. 2008 Apr 15;103(6):1989-98. doi: 10.1002/jcb.21588.
40 Systems analysis of transcriptome and proteome in retinoic acid/arsenic trioxide-induced cell differentiation/apoptosis of promyelocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 May 24;102(21):7653-8.
41 A transcriptome-based classifier to identify developmental toxicants by stem cell testing: design, validation and optimization for histone deacetylase inhibitors. Arch Toxicol. 2015 Sep;89(9):1599-618.
42 Endoplasmic reticulum stress and MAPK signaling pathway activation underlie leflunomide-induced toxicity in HepG2 Cells. Toxicology. 2017 Dec 1;392:11-21.
43 Comparison of HepG2 and HepaRG by whole-genome gene expression analysis for the purpose of chemical hazard identification. Toxicol Sci. 2010 May;115(1):66-79.
44 Human embryonic stem cell-derived test systems for developmental neurotoxicity: a transcriptomics approach. Arch Toxicol. 2013 Jan;87(1):123-43.
45 Dasatinib reverses cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from primary lung carcinomas to a phenotype comparable to that of normal fibroblasts. Mol Cancer. 2010 Jun 27;9:168.