Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMG60XN)

Drug Name

Phentermine

Synonyms

Duromine; Fastin; Fentermina; Inoamin; Ionamin; Ionamine; Linyl; Lipopill; Lonamin; Mirapront; Normephentermine; Obenix; Obermine; Omnibex; Ortetamin; Ortetamina; Ortetaminum; Phentercot; Phenterminum; Phentride; Phentrol; Wilpo; Zantryl; Ona Mast; Ortetamine [INN]; Phentermine HCl; Phentermine resin complex; AmbkkkkK744; Phentermine Resin 30; Phentrol 2; Phentrol 3; Phentrol 4; Adipex P (TN); Adipex-P; Alpha-Benzylisopropylamine; Duromine (TN); Fastin (TN); Fentermina [INN-Spanish]; Ionamin (TN); Mirapront (TN); Obenix (TN); Obephen (TN); Obermine (TN); Oby-Trim; Panbesy (TN); Phenterex (TN); Phentermine (TN); Phenterminum [INN-Latin]; Phentremene (TN); Phentrol (TN); Phentromin (TN); Pro-Fast; Redusa (TN); Sinpet (TN); Supremin (TN); Teramine (TN); Trenker (TN); Umine (TN); Weltmine (TN); Zantryl (TN); Alpha,alpha-Dimethylbenzeneethanamine; Alpha,alpha-Dimethylphenethylamine; Anoxine-AM (TN); Obestin-30 (TN); Oby-Trim (TN); Phentermine (USAN/INN); Phentermine [USAN:INN:BAN]; Phenyl-tert-butylamine; Phenyl-tertiary-butylamine; Pro-Fast SA (TN); Alpha,alpha-Dimethyl-beta-phenylethylamine; Alpha.,.alpha.-dimethyl-Benzeneethanamine; (alpha,alpha)-Dimethylphenethylamine; 1,1-Dimethyl-2-phenylethylamine; 1-(2-Methylphenyl)-2-propylamin; 1-(2-Tolyl)-2-propylamine; 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-phenylpropane; 2-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-propanamine; 2-Phenyl-tert-butylamine

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Obesity	5B81	Approved	[1]

Therapeutic Class

Appetite Depressants

Affected Organisms

Humans and other mammals

ATC Code

A08AA01: Phentermine

A08AA: Centrally acting antiobesity products

A08A: ANTIOBESITY PREPARATIONS, EXCL. DIET PRODUCTS

A08: ANTIOBESITY PREPARATIONS, EXCL. DIET PRODUCTS

A: ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM

Drug Type

Small molecular drug

Structure

3D MOL

2D MOL

#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0

Molecular Weight (mw)

149.23

Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp)

1.9

Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds)

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor)

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc)

ADMET Property

Absorption Tmax: The time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) is 0.5-3 h []
BDDCS Class: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 3: high solubility and low permeability [2]
Bioavailability: The bioavailability of drug is 27% []
Clearance: The clearance of drug is 8.79 L/h []
Elimination: Phentermine is excreted mainly in the urine from which about 70-80% of the administered dose can be found as the unchanged drug [3]
Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 20 hours [3]
Metabolism: The drug is metabolized via the conjugation []
MRTD: The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 4.18795 micromolar/kg/day [4]
Vd: The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 5 L/kg [5]

Chemical Identifiers

Formula: C10H15N
IUPAC Name: 2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine
Canonical SMILES: CC(C)(CC1=CC=CC=C1)N
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H15N/c1-10(2,11)8-9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-7H,8,11H2,1-2H3
InChIKey: DHHVAGZRUROJKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Cross-matching ID

PubChem CID: 4771
ChEBI ID: CHEMBL1574
CAS Number: 122-09-8
UNII: C045TQL4WP
DrugBank ID: DB00191
TTD ID: D0U0RZ
VARIDT ID: DR01098
INTEDE ID: DR1280
ACDINA ID: D00527

Drug-Molecule Activity Atlas (DMA)^NEW

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Drug Pharmacogenomic Perturbation (DPP)^NEW

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Drug ADMET Endpoint Profile (DAE)^NEW

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Combinatorial Drugs (CBD)

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Repurposed Drugs (RPD)

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Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Norepinephrine transporter (NET)	TTAWNKZ	SC6A2_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[6]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)_{Main DME}	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

MIA Detail

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Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease

Obesity

ICD Disease Classification

5B81

Molecule Name	Molecule Type	Gene Name	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Norepinephrine transporter (NET)	DTT	SLC6A2	7.05E-01	7.02E-03	0.07
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DME	CYP3A4	6.06E-01	-2.42E-02	-1.64E-01

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA)

MEA Detail

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Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Phentermine (Comorbidity)

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Comorbidity	REF
Methylene blue	DMJAPE7	Major	Increased risk of hyperpyrexia by the combination of Phentermine and Methylene blue.	Acquired methaemoglobinaemia [3A93]	[8]
Promazine	DMZAL7W	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Phentermine when combined with Promazine.	Appearance/behaviour symptom [MB23]	[9]
Droxidopa	DM5YF4M	Moderate	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Phentermine and Droxidopa.	Autonomic nervous system disorder [8D87]	[10]
Linezolid	DMGFPU2	Major	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Phentermine and Linezolid.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[8]
Ethanol	DMDRQZU	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Phentermine and Ethanol.	Cystitis [GC00]	[11]
Selegiline	DM6034S	Major	Increased risk of hyperpyrexia by the combination of Phentermine and Selegiline.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[8]
Isocarboxazid	DMAF1NB	Major	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Phentermine and Isocarboxazid.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[8]
Tranylcypromine	DMGB5RE	Major	Increased risk of hyperpyrexia by the combination of Phentermine and Tranylcypromine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[8]
Phenelzine	DMHIDUE	Major	Increased risk of hyperpyrexia by the combination of Phentermine and Phenelzine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[8]
Esketamine	DMVU687	Major	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Phentermine and Esketamine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[12]
Procarbazine	DMIK367	Major	Increased risk of hyperpyrexia by the combination of Phentermine and Procarbazine.	Hodgkin lymphoma [2B30]	[8]
Propiomazine	DMKY8V1	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Phentermine when combined with Propiomazine.	Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z]	[9]
Polyethylene glycol	DM4I1JP	Moderate	Increased risk of lowers seizure threshold by the combination of Phentermine and Polyethylene glycol.	Irritable bowel syndrome [DD91]	[13]
Ozanimod	DMT6AM2	Major	Increased risk of hyperpyrexia by the combination of Phentermine and Ozanimod.	Multiple sclerosis [8A40]	[8]
Prochlorperazine	DM53SRA	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Phentermine when combined with Prochlorperazine.	Nausea/vomiting [MD90]	[9]
Promethazine	DM6I5GR	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Phentermine when combined with Promethazine.	Nausea/vomiting [MD90]	[9]
Thiethylperazine	DMU3IET	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Phentermine when combined with Thiethylperazine.	Nausea/vomiting [MD90]	[9]
Bupropion	DM5PCS7	Major	Increased risk of lowers seizure threshold by the combination of Phentermine and Bupropion.	Nicotine use disorder [6C4A]	[14]
Tramadol	DMRQD04	Major	Increased risk of lowers seizure threshold by the combination of Phentermine and Tramadol.	Pain [MG30-MG3Z]	[15]
Safinamide	DM0YWJC	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Phentermine caused by Safinamide mediated inhibition of non-CYP450 enzyme.	Parkinsonism [8A00]	[16]
Rasagiline	DM3WKQ4	Moderate	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Phentermine and Rasagiline.	Parkinsonism [8A00]	[8]
Lindane	DMB8CNL	Moderate	Increased risk of lowers seizure threshold by the combination of Phentermine and Lindane.	Pediculosis [1G00]	[17]
Levomepromazine	DMIKFEL	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Phentermine when combined with Levomepromazine.	Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25]	[9]
Fluphenazine	DMIT8LX	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Phentermine when combined with Fluphenazine.	Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25]	[9]
Triflupromazine	DMKFQJP	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Phentermine when combined with Triflupromazine.	Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25]	[9]
Mesoridazine	DM2ZGAN	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Phentermine when combined with Mesoridazine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[9]
Thioridazine	DM35M8J	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Phentermine when combined with Thioridazine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[9]
Haloperidol	DM96SE0	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Phentermine when combined with Haloperidol.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[9]
Perphenazine	DMA4MRX	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Phentermine when combined with Perphenazine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[9]
Chlorpromazine	DMBGZI3	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Phentermine when combined with Chlorpromazine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[9]
Trifluoperazine	DMKBYWI	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Phentermine when combined with Trifluoperazine.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[9]
Methdilazine	DMAUHQX	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Phentermine when combined with Methdilazine.	Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08]	[9]
Trimeprazine	DMEMV9D	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Phentermine when combined with Trimeprazine.	Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08]	[18]


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Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG

DIG Name	DIG ID	PubChem CID	Functional Classification
Allura red AC dye	E00338	33258	Colorant
D&C red no. 28	E00491	6097185	Colorant
D&C red no. 33	E00261	19116	Colorant
FD&C blue no. 1	E00263	19700	Colorant
FD&C blue no. 2	E00446	2723854	Colorant
Hydrazine yellow	E00409	164825	Colorant
Isopropyl alcohol	E00070	3776	Antimicrobial preservative; Solvent
Mannitol	E00103	6251	Diluent; Flavoring agent; Lyophilization aid; Plasticizing agent; Tonicity agent
Quinoline yellow WS	E00309	24671	Colorant
Sodium lauryl sulfate	E00464	3423265	Emulsifying agent; Modified-release agent; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; lubricant
Stearic acid	E00079	5281	Emulsifying agent; Solubilizing agent; Viscosity-controlling agent; lubricant
Sucralose	E00370	71485	Flavoring agent
Sunset yellow FCF	E00255	17730	Colorant
Ammonia	E00007	222	Alkalizing agent
Beta-D-lactose	E00099	6134	Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Brushite	E00392	104805	Diluent
Butyl alcohol	E00011	263	Flavoring agent; Solvent
Carmellose sodium	E00625	Not Available	Disintegrant
Citric acid monohydrate	E00271	22230	Acidulant; Antioxidant; Buffering agent; Complexing agent; Flavoring agent
Crospovidone	E00626	Not Available	Disintegrant
Eisenoxyd	E00585	56841934	Colorant
FD&C red no. 3	E00629	Not Available	Colorant
Ferric hydroxide oxide yellow	E00539	23320441	Colorant
Ferrosoferric oxide	E00231	14789	Colorant
Fructose	E00447	2723872	Flavoring agent
Lactose monohydrate	E00393	104938	Binding agent; Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Magnesium stearate	E00208	11177	lubricant
Polysorbate 80	E00665	Not Available	Dispersing agent; Emollient; Emulsifying agent; Plasticizing agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; Suspending agent
Potassium hydroxide	E00233	14797	Alkalizing agent
Povidone	E00667	Not Available	Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Propylene glycol	E00040	1030	Antimicrobial preservative; Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Saccharose	E00091	5988	Binding agent; Coating agent; Cryoprotectant; Diluent; Flavoring agent; Suspending agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Silicon dioxide	E00670	Not Available	Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Talc	E00520	16211421	Anticaking agent; Diluent; Glidant; lubricant
Titanium dioxide	E00322	26042	Coating agent; Colorant; Opacifying agent
Vinylpyrrolidone	E00668	Not Available	Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Water	E00035	962	Solvent


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Pharmaceutical Formulation

Formulation Name	Drug Dosage	Dosage Form	Route
Phentermine 15 mg capsule	15 mg	Oral Capsule	Oral
Phentermine 37.5 mg capsule	37.5 mg	Oral Capsule	Oral
Phentermine 15 mg capsule	15 mg	Extended Release Oral Capsule	Oral
Phentermine 30 mg capsule	30 mg	Extended Release Oral Capsule	Oral
Phentermine 15 mg tablet	15 mg	Disintegrating Oral Tablet	Oral
Phentermine 30 mg tablet	30 mg	Disintegrating Oral Tablet	Oral
Phentermine 37.5 mg tablet	37.5 mg	Disintegrating Oral Tablet	Oral
Phentermine 37.5 mg tablet	37.5 mg	Oral Tablet	Oral
Phentermine 30 mg capsule	30 mg	Oral Capsule	Oral
Phentermine 8 mg tablet	8 mg	Oral Tablet	Oral

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References

1	URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7269).
2	BDDCS predictions, self-correcting aspects of BDDCS assignments, BDDCS assignment corrections, and classification for more than 175 additional drugs
3	Phentermine and topiramate extended-release: a new treatment for obesity and its role in a complications-centric approach to obesity medical management. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2013 Sep;12(5):741-56. doi: 10.1517/14740338.2013.806481. Epub 2013 Jun 6.
4	Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
5	Inchem
6	Novel anti-obesity drugs. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2000 Jun;9(6):1317-26.
7	FDA Label of Qsymia. The 2020 official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
8	Ban TA "Drug interactions with psychoactive drugs." Dis Nerv Syst 36 (1975): 164-6. [PMID: 1116424]
9	Achor MB, Extein I "Diet aids, mania, and affective illness" Am J Psychiatry 138 (1981): 392. [PMID: 7468847]
10	Product Information. Northera (droxidopa). Chelsea Therapeutics Inc, Charlotte, NC.
11	Product Information. Suprenza (phentermine). Akrimax Pharmaceuticals, Cranford, NJ.
12	Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
13	Product Information. Suprep Bowel Prep Kit (magnesium/potassium/sodium sulfates). Braintree Laboratories, Braintree, MA.
14	Product Information. Wellbutrin XL (buPROPion). GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA.
15	Product Information. Ultram (tramadol). McNeil Pharmaceutical, Raritan, NJ.
16	Agencia Espaola de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios Healthcare "Centro de informacion online de medicamentos de la AEMPS - CIMA.".
17	Matsuoka LY "Convulsions following application of gamma benzene hexachloride." J Am Acad Dermatol 5 (1981): 98-9. [PMID: 6168673]
18	Lake CR "Manic psychosis after coffee and phenylpropanolamine." Biol Psychiatry 30 (1991): 401-4. [PMID: 1912131]