Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC20FP1)

• Drug Combination Name: Repaglinide + Idarubicin
• Indication: Glioblastoma?; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Repaglinide (DM5SXUV): Small molecular drug
  Idarubicin (DMM0XGL): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: T98G
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 6.46
  Bliss Independence Score: 6.46
  Loewe Additivity Score: 12.18
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 12.18

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Repaglinide

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Diabetic complication	5A2Y	Approved	[2]

Repaglinide Interacts with 2 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
ATP-binding cassette transporter C9 (ABCC9)	TTEF5MJ	ABCC9_HUMAN	Blocker	[5]
ATP-binding cassette transporter C8 (ABCC8)	TTP835K	ABCC8_HUMAN	Blocker	[5]

Repaglinide Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1)	DT3D8F0	SO1B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[6]

Repaglinide Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[7]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)	DEYGVN4	UD11_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DES5XRU	CP2C8_HUMAN	Metabolism	[7]

Repaglinide Interacts with 6 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1)	OTNEN8QK	SO1B1_HUMAN	Affects Metabolism	[9]
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)	OTRU7THO	ABCBB_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[10]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[11]
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain F (HLA-F)	OT76CM19	HLAF_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[12]
Solute carrier family 15 member 1 (SLC15A1)	OT1P16B5	S15A1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[13]
Major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein (MR1)	OTZU3XX7	HMR1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[12]

Indication(s) of Idarubicin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[3]
Acute myeloid leukaemia	2A60	Approved	[4]
Adult acute monocytic leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Childhood acute megakaryoblastic leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[3]

Idarubicin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2)	TT0IHXV	TOP2A_HUMAN; TOP2B_HUMAN	Modulator	[15]

Idarubicin Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1)	DTSYQGK	MRP1_HUMAN	Substrate	[16]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[17]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[17]

Idarubicin Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[18]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[18]

Idarubicin Interacts with 9 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Estrogen receptor (ESR1)	OTKLU61J	ESR1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[14]
Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1)	OTC1W6UX	HMOX1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[19]
Androgen receptor (AR)	OTUBKAZZ	ANDR_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[14]
Natriuretic peptides B (NPPB)	OTSN2IPY	ANFB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)	OTHMARHO	PPARG_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[14]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[21]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD)	OTI4WTOP	PPARD_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[14]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)	OTZX881H	KCNH2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[22]
Bile acid receptor (NR1H4)	OTWZLPTB	NR1H4_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[14]

References

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• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6841).
• [3] Idarubicin FDA Label
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7083).
• [5] Metformin/Repaglinide (PrandiMet) for type 2 diabetes. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2009 Jun 1;51(1313):41-3.
• [6] Disease-Associated Changes in Drug Transporters May Impact the Pharmacokinetics and/or Toxicity of Drugs: A White Paper From the International Transporter Consortium. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Nov;104(5):900-915.
• [7] Drug-drug and food-drug pharmacokinetic interactions with new insulinotropic agents repaglinide and nateglinide. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2007;46(2):93-108.
• [8] Repaglinide-gemfibrozil drug interaction: inhibition of repaglinide glucuronidation as a potential additional contributing mechanism. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Dec;70(6):870-80.
• [9] Polymorphic organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 is a major determinant of repaglinide pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Jun;77(6):468-78. doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.01.018.
• [10] A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Nov;136(1):216-41.
• [11] Toxicological evaluation of acyl glucuronides utilizing half-lives, peptide adducts, and immunostimulation assays. Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Dec 25;30(1 Pt B):241-9.
• [12] Systems pharmacological analysis of drugs inducing stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 May 18;28(5):927-34. doi: 10.1021/tx5005248. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
• [13] In vitro and pharmacophore-based discovery of novel hPEPT1 inhibitors. Pharm Res. 2005 Apr;22(4):512-7. doi: 10.1007/s11095-005-2505-y. Epub 2005 Apr 7.
• [14] Quantitative high-throughput profiling of environmental chemicals and drugs that modulate farnesoid X receptor. Sci Rep. 2014 Sep 26;4:6437. doi: 10.1038/srep06437.
• [15] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
• [16] Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
• [17] Amonafide L-malate is not a substrate for multidrug resistance proteins in secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2008 Nov;22(11):2110-5.
• [18] In vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions between cytarabine, idarubicin, itraconazole and caspofungin. Hematology. 2004 Jun;9(3):217-21.
• [19] A Quantitative Approach to Screen for Nephrotoxic Compounds In Vitro. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016 Apr;27(4):1015-28. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2015010060. Epub 2015 Aug 10.
• [20] The use of biochemical markers in cardiotoxicity monitoring in patients treated for leukemia. Neoplasma. 2005;52(5):430-4.
• [21] The induction of apoptosis by daunorubicin and idarubicin in human trisomic and diabetic fibroblasts. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2008;13(2):182-94. doi: 10.2478/s11658-007-0045-7. Epub 2008 Apr 10.
• [22] Refining the human iPSC-cardiomyocyte arrhythmic risk assessment model. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):581-94. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft205. Epub 2013 Sep 19.