Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC24UAO)

• Drug Combination Name: Vismodegib + Trifluridine
• Indication: Malignant melanoma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Vismodegib (DM5IXKQ): Small molecular drug
  Trifluridine (DMG2YBD): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: UACC62
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 0.57
  Bliss Independence Score: 7.75
  Loewe Additivity Score: 6.39
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 7.4

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Vismodegib

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Basal cell carcinoma	2C32	Approved	[2]
Primitive neuroectodermal tumour medulloblastoma	2A00.11	Phase 2	[3]

Vismodegib Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Smoothened homolog (SMO)	TT8J1S3	SMO_HUMAN	Modulator	[6]

Vismodegib Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[7]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[7]

Vismodegib Interacts with 13 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A (TNFRSF10A)	OTBPCU2O	TR10A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[8]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B (TNFRSF10B)	OTA1CPBV	TR10B_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[8]
Zinc finger protein GLI1 (GLI1)	OT1BTAJO	GLI1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Zinc finger protein GLI2 (GLI2)	OTIRV97L	GLI2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2)	OT9DVHC0	BCL2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA)	OTDJXUCN	PGFRA_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS)	OTP9XG86	TNR6_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[8]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[8]
Protein patched homolog 1 (PTCH1)	OTMG07H5	PTC1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Protein smoothened (SMO)	OTXXE208	SMO_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Protein patched homolog 2 (PTCH2)	OTOQ0K9V	PTC2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Suppressor of fused homolog (SUFU)	OT0IRYG1	SUFU_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[9]
N-myc proto-oncogene protein (MYCN)	OTWD33K1	MYCN_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[9]

Indication(s) of Trifluridine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Herpetic keratitis	1F00.10	Approved	[4]
Virus infection	1A24-1D9Z	Approved	[5]
Colon cancer	2B90.Z	Investigative	[4]

Trifluridine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Candida Thymidylate synthase (Candi TMP1)	TTU6BFZ	TYSY_CANAL	Inhibitor	[10]

Trifluridine Interacts with 4 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Organic anion transporter 1 (SLC22A6)	DTQ23VB	S22A6_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]
Concentrative nucleoside transporter 1 (SLC28A1)	DT0EQPW	S28A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (SLC29A1)	DTXD1TQ	S29A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (SLC29A2)	DTW78DQ	S29A2_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]

Trifluridine Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP)	DE4HCYL	TYPH_HUMAN	Metabolism	[13]

Trifluridine Interacts with 7 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 (NR1I2)	OTC5U0N5	NR1I2_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[14]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53)	OTIE1VH3	P53_HUMAN	Affects Activity	[15]
Cathepsin B (CTSB)	OTP9G5QB	CATB_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[16]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)	OT310QSG	PARP1_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[16]
Caspase-9 (CASP9)	OTD4RFFG	CASP9_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[16]
Caspase-8 (CASP8)	OTA8TVI8	CASP8_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[16]
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2)	OT0HENJ5	NF2L2_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[17]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Breast adenocarcinoma	DCZKBJW	MDA-MB-468	Investigative	[18]
Colon carcinoma	DCBS55V	KM12	Investigative	[18]
Invasive ductal carcinoma	DC7JN0F	BT-549	Investigative	[18]
Adenocarcinoma	DCC2QWF	DU-145	Investigative	[1]
Adenocarcinoma	DCQJJIJ	A549	Investigative	[1]
Adenocarcinoma	DC4B8HQ	HCC-2998	Investigative	[1]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	DCFWY7S	CAKI-1	Investigative	[1]
Cutaneous melanoma	DCQTNSR	SK-MEL-28	Investigative	[1]
Lung adenocarcinoma	DCYCK8X	HOP-62	Investigative	[1]
Renal cell carcinoma	DCZZ8U8	SN12C	Investigative	[1]

References

• [1] Loss of function mutations in VARS encoding cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetase cause microcephaly, seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy.Hum Genet. 2018 Apr;137(4):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s00439-018-1882-3. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6975).
• [3] A phase II, multicenter, open-label, 3-cohort trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of vismodegib in operable basal cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015 Jul;73(1):99-105.e1.
• [4] Trifluridine FDA Label
• [5] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 8697).
• [6] Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2013 Feb;12(2):87-90.
• [7] The dawn of hedgehog inhibitors: Vismodegib. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2013 Jan;4(1):4-7.
• [8] Hedgehog signaling antagonist GDC-0449 (Vismodegib) inhibits pancreatic cancer stem cell characteristics: molecular mechanisms. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27306. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027306. Epub 2011 Nov 8.
• [9] Epigenetic targeting of Hedgehog pathway transcriptional output through BET bromodomain inhibition. Nat Med. 2014 Jul;20(7):732-40. doi: 10.1038/nm.3613. Epub 2014 Jun 29.
• [10] Trifluorothymidine induces cell death independently of p53. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2008 Jun;27(6):699-703.
• [11] Rat multispecific organic anion transporter 1 (rOAT1) transports zidovudine, acyclovir, and other antiviral nucleoside analogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Sep;294(3):844-9.
• [12] Lonsurf, INN-trifluridine/tipiracil.
• [13] Phase I clinical study of three times a day oral administration of TAS-102 in patients with solid tumors. Cancer Invest. 2008 Oct;26(8):794-9.
• [14] Screening of a chemical library reveals novel PXR-activating pharmacologic compounds. Toxicol Lett. 2015 Jan 5;232(1):193-202. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.009. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
• [15] Identification of environmental chemicals that activate p53 signaling after in vitro metabolic activation. Arch Toxicol. 2022 Jul;96(7):1975-1987. doi: 10.1007/s00204-022-03291-5. Epub 2022 Apr 18.
• [16] Differential activation of cell death and autophagy results in an increased cytotoxic potential for trifluorothymidine compared to 5-fluorouracil in colon cancer cells. Int J Cancer. 2010 May 15;126(10):2457-68. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24943.
• [17] Identification of Compounds That Inhibit Estrogen-Related Receptor Alpha Signaling Using High-Throughput Screening Assays. Molecules. 2019 Feb 27;24(5):841. doi: 10.3390/molecules24050841.
• [18] Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.