General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC2N1P9)

Drug Combination Name
Raloxifene Thioguanine
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Adult acute myeloid leukemia Investigative [1]
Component Drugs Raloxifene   DMDKF3M Thioguanine   DM7NKEV
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL
High-throughput Screening Result Testing Cell Line: HL-60(TB)
Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 6.12
Bliss Independence Score: 8.02
Loewe Additivity Score: 1.6
LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 3.44

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Raloxifene
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Osteoporosis FB83.0 Approved [2]
Raloxifene Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Estrogen receptor (ESR) TTZAYWL ESR1_HUMAN Modulator [6]
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Raloxifene Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [7]
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Raloxifene Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [8]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) DEYGVN4 UD11_HUMAN Metabolism [9]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10 (UGT1A10) DEL5N6Y UD110_HUMAN Metabolism [10]
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Indication(s) of Thioguanine
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Acute lymphocytic leukaemia 2B33.3 Approved [2]
Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [3]
Acute myeloid leukaemia 2A60 Approved [4]
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) 1D64 Preclinical [5]
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 1D65 Preclinical [5]
Thioguanine Interacts with 3 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
MERS-CoV papain-like proteinase (PL-PRO) TTYJOLE R1AB_CVEMC (854-2740) Inhibitor [5]
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) TTCAQMW NOUNIPROTAC Intercalator [11]
SARS-CoV papain-like proteinase (PL-PRO) TTRGHB2 R1AB_CVHSA (819-2740) Inhibitor [5]
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Thioguanine Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) DTI7UX6 ABCG2_HUMAN Substrate [12]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (ABCC4) DTCSGPB MRP4_HUMAN Substrate [13]
Concentrative Na(+)-nucleoside cotransporter 3 (SLC28A3) DT4YL5R S28A3_HUMAN Substrate [14]
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Thioguanine Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) DEFQ8VO TPMT_HUMAN Metabolism [15]
Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT1) DEVXTP5 HPRT_HUMAN Metabolism [16]
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Thioguanine Interacts with 11 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) OTFOX70W TPMT_HUMAN Increases ADR [17]
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT1) OTOEEEXG HPRT_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [18]
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) OTFOX70W TPMT_HUMAN Increases ADR [19]
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) OTPG0K7E IMDH2_HUMAN Increases Expression [20]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Increases Activity [21]
Dystrophin (DMD) OTD21T5J DMD_HUMAN Increases Splicing [22]
Occludin (OCLN) OTSUTVWL OCLN_HUMAN Decreases Activity [23]
DNA mismatch repair protein Msh2 (MSH2) OT10H1AB MSH2_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [24]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 5 (ABCC5) OT34G4US MRP5_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [25]
Caspase-8 (CASP8) OTA8TVI8 CASP8_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [21]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC2) OTFXFREP BIRC2_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [26]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 11 DOT(s)

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication DrugCom ID Cell Line Status REF
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma DC2L97W SR Investigative [1]
Astrocytoma DCJLQ54 U251 Investigative [1]
Astrocytoma DCN1GAV SNB-19 Investigative [1]
Childhood T acute lymphoblastic leukemia DCLV1C1 CCRF-CEM Investigative [1]
Chronic myelogenous leukemia DCBT6UY K-562 Investigative [1]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma DCUJ467 786-0 Investigative [1]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma DC4P03U CAKI-1 Investigative [1]
Glioblastoma DCO82S6 SNB-75 Investigative [1]
Glioma DCCVYC9 SF-295 Investigative [1]
Papillary renal cell carcinoma DCVWYMS ACHN Investigative [1]
Renal cell carcinoma DCC8KZQ SN12C Investigative [1]
Breast adenocarcinoma DCC2G6W MDA-MB-468 Investigative [27]
Carcinoma DCI8OSF RXF 393 Investigative [27]
Colon adenocarcinoma DC2NRLP COLO 205 Investigative [27]
Adenocarcinoma DC6JYMM HCT-15 Investigative [28]
Adenocarcinoma DCTC5DH HCT116 Investigative [28]
Adenocarcinoma DCXU1CP SW-620 Investigative [28]
Cutaneous melanoma DC7FD0B SK-MEL-5 Investigative [28]
Large cell lung carcinoma DC60A57 NCI-H460 Investigative [28]
Lung adenocarcinoma DCNYHU0 HOP-62 Investigative [28]
Malignant melanoma DCNIUKH LOX IMVI Investigative [28]
Prostate carcinoma DCWHQNU PC-3 Investigative [28]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 22 DrugCom(s)

References

1 Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
2 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
3 Thioguanine FDA Label
4 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6845).
5 Thiopurine analogs and mycophenolic acid synergistically inhibit the papain-like protease of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Antiviral Res. 2015 Mar;115:9-16.
6 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 620).
7 Influence of hepatic and intestinal efflux transporters and their genetic variants on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of raloxifene in osteoporosis treatment. Transl Res. 2012 Oct;160(4):298-308.
8 The role of P-glycoprotein in the bioactivation of raloxifene. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Dec;34(12):2073-8.
9 Drug-drug interactions for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates: a pharmacokinetic explanation for typically observed low exposure (AUCi/AUC) ratios. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Nov;32(11):1201-8.
10 Characterization of raloxifene glucuronidation: potential role of UGT1A8 genotype on raloxifene metabolism in vivo. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2013 Jul;6(7):719-30.
11 Immune effector cells produce lethal DNA damage in cells treated with a thiopurine. Cancer Res. 2009 Mar 15;69(6):2393-9.
12 ABC transporters and their role in nucleoside and nucleotide drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Apr 15;83(8):1073-83.
13 Multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) mediates efflux of bimane-glutathione. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Feb;36(2):247-57.
14 Involvement of the concentrative nucleoside transporter 3 and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 in the resistance of T-lymphoblastic cell lines to thiopurines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Apr 28;343(1):208-15.
15 Usefulness of thiopurine methyltransferase and thiopurine metabolite analysis in clinical practice in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2010 Jul-Sep;73(3):331-5.
16 Qualitative and quantitative difference in mutation induction between carbon- and neon-ion beams in normal human cells. Biol Sci Space. 2003 Dec;17(4):302-6.
17 ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
18 CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout screens and target identification via whole-genome sequencing uncover host genes required for picornavirus infection. J Biol Chem. 2017 Jun 23;292(25):10664-10671. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M117.782425. Epub 2017 Apr 26.
19 Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for thiopurine methyltransferase genotype and thiopurine dosing. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Mar;89(3):387-91. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2010.320. Epub 2011 Jan 26.
20 Petit E, Langouet S, Akhdar H, Nicolas-Nicolaz C, Guillouzo A, Morel F. Differential toxic effects of azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine on human hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008;22(3):632-642. [PMID: 18222062]
21 Important role of caspase-8 for chemosensitivity of ALL cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Dec 15;17(24):7605-13. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-0513. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
22 The effect of 6-thioguanine on alternative splicing and antisense-mediated exon skipping treatment for duchenne muscular dystrophy. PLoS Curr. 2012 Dec 12;4:ecurrents.md.597d700f92eaa70de261ea0d91821377. doi: 10.1371/currents.md.597d700f92eaa70de261ea0d91821377.
23 The thiopurine methyltransferase genetic polymorphism is associated with thioguanine-related veno-occlusive disease of the liver in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Oct;80(4):375-83. doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2006.07.002.
24 The effect of Msh2 knockdown on methylating agent induced toxicity in DNA glycosylase deficient cells. Toxicology. 2010 Jan 31;268(1-2):111-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.12.008. Epub 2009 Dec 16.
25 The multidrug resistance protein 5 (ABCC5) confers resistance to 5-fluorouracil and transports its monophosphorylated metabolites. Mol Cancer Ther. 2005 May;4(5):855-63.
26 Expression and prognostic significance of IAP-family genes in human cancers and myeloid leukemias. Clin Cancer Res. 2000 May;6(5):1796-803.
27 Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.
28 Loss of function mutations in VARS encoding cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetase cause microcephaly, seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy.Hum Genet. 2018 Apr;137(4):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s00439-018-1882-3. Epub 2018 Apr 24.