General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCO82S6)

Drug Combination Name
Raloxifene Thioguanine
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Glioblastoma Investigative [1]
Component Drugs Raloxifene   DMDKF3M Thioguanine   DM7NKEV
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL
High-throughput Screening Result Testing Cell Line: SNB-75
Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 1.31
Bliss Independence Score: 1.79
Loewe Additivity Score: 1.2
LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 1.7

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Raloxifene
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Osteoporosis FB83.0 Approved [2]
Raloxifene Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Estrogen receptor (ESR) TTZAYWL ESR1_HUMAN Modulator [6]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Raloxifene Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [7]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Raloxifene Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [8]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) DEYGVN4 UD11_HUMAN Metabolism [9]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10 (UGT1A10) DEL5N6Y UD110_HUMAN Metabolism [10]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indication(s) of Thioguanine
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Acute lymphocytic leukaemia 2B33.3 Approved [2]
Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [3]
Acute myeloid leukaemia 2A60 Approved [4]
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) 1D64 Preclinical [5]
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 1D65 Preclinical [5]
Thioguanine Interacts with 3 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
MERS-CoV papain-like proteinase (PL-PRO) TTYJOLE R1AB_CVEMC (854-2740) Inhibitor [5]
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) TTCAQMW NOUNIPROTAC Intercalator [11]
SARS-CoV papain-like proteinase (PL-PRO) TTRGHB2 R1AB_CVHSA (819-2740) Inhibitor [5]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thioguanine Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) DTI7UX6 ABCG2_HUMAN Substrate [12]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (ABCC4) DTCSGPB MRP4_HUMAN Substrate [13]
Concentrative Na(+)-nucleoside cotransporter 3 (SLC28A3) DT4YL5R S28A3_HUMAN Substrate [14]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thioguanine Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) DEFQ8VO TPMT_HUMAN Metabolism [15]
Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT1) DEVXTP5 HPRT_HUMAN Metabolism [16]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thioguanine Interacts with 11 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) OTFOX70W TPMT_HUMAN Increases ADR [17]
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT1) OTOEEEXG HPRT_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [18]
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) OTFOX70W TPMT_HUMAN Increases ADR [19]
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) OTPG0K7E IMDH2_HUMAN Increases Expression [20]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Increases Activity [21]
Dystrophin (DMD) OTD21T5J DMD_HUMAN Increases Splicing [22]
Occludin (OCLN) OTSUTVWL OCLN_HUMAN Decreases Activity [23]
DNA mismatch repair protein Msh2 (MSH2) OT10H1AB MSH2_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [24]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 5 (ABCC5) OT34G4US MRP5_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [25]
Caspase-8 (CASP8) OTA8TVI8 CASP8_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [21]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC2) OTFXFREP BIRC2_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [26]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 11 DOT(s)

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication DrugCom ID Cell Line Status REF
Adult acute myeloid leukemia DC2N1P9 HL-60(TB) Investigative [1]
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma DC2L97W SR Investigative [1]
Astrocytoma DCJLQ54 U251 Investigative [1]
Astrocytoma DCN1GAV SNB-19 Investigative [1]
Childhood T acute lymphoblastic leukemia DCLV1C1 CCRF-CEM Investigative [1]
Chronic myelogenous leukemia DCBT6UY K-562 Investigative [1]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma DCUJ467 786-0 Investigative [1]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma DC4P03U CAKI-1 Investigative [1]
Glioma DCCVYC9 SF-295 Investigative [1]
Papillary renal cell carcinoma DCVWYMS ACHN Investigative [1]
Renal cell carcinoma DCC8KZQ SN12C Investigative [1]
Breast adenocarcinoma DCC2G6W MDA-MB-468 Investigative [27]
Carcinoma DCI8OSF RXF 393 Investigative [27]
Colon adenocarcinoma DC2NRLP COLO 205 Investigative [27]
Adenocarcinoma DC6JYMM HCT-15 Investigative [28]
Adenocarcinoma DCTC5DH HCT116 Investigative [28]
Adenocarcinoma DCXU1CP SW-620 Investigative [28]
Cutaneous melanoma DC7FD0B SK-MEL-5 Investigative [28]
Large cell lung carcinoma DC60A57 NCI-H460 Investigative [28]
Lung adenocarcinoma DCNYHU0 HOP-62 Investigative [28]
Malignant melanoma DCNIUKH LOX IMVI Investigative [28]
Prostate carcinoma DCWHQNU PC-3 Investigative [28]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 22 DrugCom(s)

References

1 Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
2 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
3 Thioguanine FDA Label
4 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6845).
5 Thiopurine analogs and mycophenolic acid synergistically inhibit the papain-like protease of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Antiviral Res. 2015 Mar;115:9-16.
6 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 620).
7 Influence of hepatic and intestinal efflux transporters and their genetic variants on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of raloxifene in osteoporosis treatment. Transl Res. 2012 Oct;160(4):298-308.
8 The role of P-glycoprotein in the bioactivation of raloxifene. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Dec;34(12):2073-8.
9 Drug-drug interactions for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates: a pharmacokinetic explanation for typically observed low exposure (AUCi/AUC) ratios. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Nov;32(11):1201-8.
10 Characterization of raloxifene glucuronidation: potential role of UGT1A8 genotype on raloxifene metabolism in vivo. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2013 Jul;6(7):719-30.
11 Immune effector cells produce lethal DNA damage in cells treated with a thiopurine. Cancer Res. 2009 Mar 15;69(6):2393-9.
12 ABC transporters and their role in nucleoside and nucleotide drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Apr 15;83(8):1073-83.
13 Multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) mediates efflux of bimane-glutathione. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Feb;36(2):247-57.
14 Involvement of the concentrative nucleoside transporter 3 and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 in the resistance of T-lymphoblastic cell lines to thiopurines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Apr 28;343(1):208-15.
15 Usefulness of thiopurine methyltransferase and thiopurine metabolite analysis in clinical practice in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2010 Jul-Sep;73(3):331-5.
16 Qualitative and quantitative difference in mutation induction between carbon- and neon-ion beams in normal human cells. Biol Sci Space. 2003 Dec;17(4):302-6.
17 ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
18 CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout screens and target identification via whole-genome sequencing uncover host genes required for picornavirus infection. J Biol Chem. 2017 Jun 23;292(25):10664-10671. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M117.782425. Epub 2017 Apr 26.
19 Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for thiopurine methyltransferase genotype and thiopurine dosing. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Mar;89(3):387-91. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2010.320. Epub 2011 Jan 26.
20 Petit E, Langouet S, Akhdar H, Nicolas-Nicolaz C, Guillouzo A, Morel F. Differential toxic effects of azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine on human hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008;22(3):632-642. [PMID: 18222062]
21 Important role of caspase-8 for chemosensitivity of ALL cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Dec 15;17(24):7605-13. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-0513. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
22 The effect of 6-thioguanine on alternative splicing and antisense-mediated exon skipping treatment for duchenne muscular dystrophy. PLoS Curr. 2012 Dec 12;4:ecurrents.md.597d700f92eaa70de261ea0d91821377. doi: 10.1371/currents.md.597d700f92eaa70de261ea0d91821377.
23 The thiopurine methyltransferase genetic polymorphism is associated with thioguanine-related veno-occlusive disease of the liver in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Oct;80(4):375-83. doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2006.07.002.
24 The effect of Msh2 knockdown on methylating agent induced toxicity in DNA glycosylase deficient cells. Toxicology. 2010 Jan 31;268(1-2):111-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.12.008. Epub 2009 Dec 16.
25 The multidrug resistance protein 5 (ABCC5) confers resistance to 5-fluorouracil and transports its monophosphorylated metabolites. Mol Cancer Ther. 2005 May;4(5):855-63.
26 Expression and prognostic significance of IAP-family genes in human cancers and myeloid leukemias. Clin Cancer Res. 2000 May;6(5):1796-803.
27 Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.
28 Loss of function mutations in VARS encoding cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetase cause microcephaly, seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy.Hum Genet. 2018 Apr;137(4):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s00439-018-1882-3. Epub 2018 Apr 24.