Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC9J7EJ)

• Drug Combination Name: Primidone + Fluspirilene
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Primidone (DM0WX6I): Small molecular drug
  Fluspirilene (DMFO843): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 18.81
  Bliss Independence Score: 18.81
  Loewe Additivity Score: 33.13
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 33.14

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Primidone

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[2]
Epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Focal epilepsy	N.A.	Approved	[3]

Primidone Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
GABA(A) receptor alpha-1 (GABRA1)	TT1MPAY	GBRA1_HUMAN	Antagonist	[5]

Primidone Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[6]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)	DEGTFWK	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Metabolism	[7]

Primidone Interacts with 11 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Alanine aminotransferase 1 (GPT)	OTOXOA0Q	ALAT1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[8]
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1)	OTD0Z2XO	PON1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)	OTRU7THO	ABCBB_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[10]
Interleukin-1 alpha (IL1A)	OTPSGILV	IL1A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Antileukoproteinase (SLPI)	OTUNFUU8	SLPI_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[11]
Protein S100-A8 (S100A8)	OTVMOB3F	S10A8_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[12]
Protein S100-A9 (S100A9)	OTOARHCS	S10A9_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[12]
Tissue factor (F3)	OT3MSU3B	TF_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
Interleukin-24 (IL24)	OT4VUWH1	IL24_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme (ALPL)	OTG7J4BP	PPBT_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[8]
Glutathione hydrolase 7 (GGT7)	OTW4IO3I	GGT7_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[8]

Indication(s) of Fluspirilene

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Schizophrenia	6A20	Approved	[4]

Fluspirilene Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Dopamine D2 receptor (D2R)	TTEX248	DRD2_HUMAN	Antagonist	[14]

Fluspirilene Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[15]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5338).
• [3] Primidone FDA Label
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 85).
• [5] DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jan;36(Database issue):D901-6.
• [6] Prescribrt's digital referenve - Primidone - Drug Summary.
• [7] Clinically significant pharmacokinetic drug interactions between antiepileptic drugs. J Clin Pharm Ther. 1999 Apr;24(2):87-92.
• [8] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [9] Antiepileptic drugs: impacts on human serum paraoxonase-1. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2017 Jun;31(6).
• [10] Evaluating the Role of Multidrug Resistance Protein 3 (MDR3) Inhibition in Predicting Drug-Induced Liver Injury Using 125 Pharmaceuticals. Chem Res Toxicol. 2017 May 15;30(5):1219-1229. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00048. Epub 2017 May 4.
• [11] An in vitro coculture system of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cells for predicting drug-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol. 2021 Jan;95(1):149-168. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02882-4. Epub 2020 Aug 20.
• [12] Prediction of drug-induced liver injury using keratinocytes. J Appl Toxicol. 2017 Jul;37(7):863-872. doi: 10.1002/jat.3435. Epub 2017 Jan 31.
• [13] Elucidating mechanisms of toxicity using phenotypic data from primary human cell systems--a chemical biology approach for thrombosis-related side effects. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Jan 5;16(1):1008-29. doi: 10.3390/ijms16011008.
• [14] Inhibition of glutamate release by fluspirilene in cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). Synapse. 2002 Apr;44(1):36-41.
• [15] Integrated analysis on the physicochemical properties of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers in grapefruit juice interactions. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2012 Jul;13(9):1705-17.