General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCU1CBL)

Drug Combination Name
Thioguanine Crizotinib
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Adult T acute lymphoblastic leukemia Investigative [1]
Component Drugs Thioguanine   DM7NKEV Crizotinib   DM4F29C
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL
High-throughput Screening Result Testing Cell Line: MOLT-4
Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 3.27
Bliss Independence Score: 1.58
Loewe Additivity Score: 0.13
LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 2.06

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Thioguanine
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Acute lymphocytic leukaemia 2B33.3 Approved [2]
Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [3]
Acute myeloid leukaemia 2A60 Approved [4]
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) 1D64 Preclinical [5]
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 1D65 Preclinical [5]
Thioguanine Interacts with 3 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
MERS-CoV papain-like proteinase (PL-PRO) TTYJOLE R1AB_CVEMC (854-2740) Inhibitor [5]
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) TTCAQMW NOUNIPROTAC Intercalator [7]
SARS-CoV papain-like proteinase (PL-PRO) TTRGHB2 R1AB_CVHSA (819-2740) Inhibitor [5]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thioguanine Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) DTI7UX6 ABCG2_HUMAN Substrate [8]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (ABCC4) DTCSGPB MRP4_HUMAN Substrate [9]
Concentrative Na(+)-nucleoside cotransporter 3 (SLC28A3) DT4YL5R S28A3_HUMAN Substrate [10]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thioguanine Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) DEFQ8VO TPMT_HUMAN Metabolism [11]
Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT1) DEVXTP5 HPRT_HUMAN Metabolism [12]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thioguanine Interacts with 11 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) OTFOX70W TPMT_HUMAN Increases ADR [13]
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT1) OTOEEEXG HPRT_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [14]
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) OTFOX70W TPMT_HUMAN Increases ADR [15]
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) OTPG0K7E IMDH2_HUMAN Increases Expression [16]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Increases Activity [17]
Dystrophin (DMD) OTD21T5J DMD_HUMAN Increases Splicing [18]
Occludin (OCLN) OTSUTVWL OCLN_HUMAN Decreases Activity [19]
DNA mismatch repair protein Msh2 (MSH2) OT10H1AB MSH2_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [20]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 5 (ABCC5) OT34G4US MRP5_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [21]
Caspase-8 (CASP8) OTA8TVI8 CASP8_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [17]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC2) OTFXFREP BIRC2_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [22]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 11 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Crizotinib
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Non-small-cell lung cancer 2C25.Y Approved [6]
Crizotinib Interacts with 4 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Proto-oncogene c-Met (MET) TTNDSF4 MET_HUMAN Modulator [2]
ALK tyrosine kinase receptor (ALK) TTPMQSO ALK_HUMAN Modulator [2]
Proto-oncogene c-Ros (ROS1) TTSZ6Y3 ROS1_HUMAN Modulator [2]
HGF/Met signaling pathway (HGF/Met pathway) TTKA5LP NOUNIPROTAC Inhibitor [26]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crizotinib Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [27]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1) DT3D8F0 SO1B1_HUMAN Substrate [28]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (SLCO1B3) DT9C1TS SO1B3_HUMAN Substrate [28]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crizotinib Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [29]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) DEIBDNY CP3A5_HUMAN Metabolism [29]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crizotinib Interacts with 45 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) OTQGYY83 CP3A4_HUMAN Increases Expression [30]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) OTEJROBO MDR1_HUMAN Decreases Activity [31]
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) OT7K55MU MET_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [24]
ALK tyrosine kinase receptor (ALK) OTV3P4V8 ALK_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [32]
Prominin-1 (PROM1) OTBHV8NX PROM1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [23]
CD44 antigen (CD44) OT9TTJ41 CD44_HUMAN Decreases Expression [23]
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) OTHBZK5X EPCAM_HUMAN Decreases Expression [23]
Cytidine deaminase (CDA) OT3HXP6N CDD_HUMAN Decreases Expression [23]
Insulin-induced gene 1 protein (INSIG1) OTZF5X1D INSI1_HUMAN Increases Expression [33]
Acyl-CoA 6-desaturase (FADS2) OTUX531P FADS2_HUMAN Increases Expression [33]
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) OTRT3F3U HMDH_HUMAN Increases Expression [33]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Increases Activity [33]
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) OTFII9KG FAS_HUMAN Increases Expression [33]
Caspase-7 (CASP7) OTAPJ040 CASP7_HUMAN Increases Activity [33]
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, cytoplasmic (HMGCS1) OTCO26FV HMCS1_HUMAN Increases Expression [33]
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBF2) OTBXUNPL SRBP2_HUMAN Increases Expression [33]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2) OTZX881H KCNH2_HUMAN Decreases Activity [33]
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA) OT5CQPZY ACACA_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [33]
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C (CACNA1C) OT6KFNMS CAC1C_HUMAN Decreases Activity [33]
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha (SCN5A) OTGYZWR6 SCN5A_HUMAN Decreases Activity [33]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5) OTILXZYL BIRC5_HUMAN Decreases Expression [24]
Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BCL2L11) OTNQQWFJ B2L11_HUMAN Increases Expression [24]
Follitropin subunit beta (FSHB) OTGLS283 FSHB_HUMAN Decreases Secretion [34]
Lutropin subunit beta (LHB) OT5GBOVJ LSHB_HUMAN Decreases Secretion [34]
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck (LCK) OT883FG9 LCK_HUMAN Decreases Activity [35]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1) OT310QSG PARP1_HUMAN Increases Cleavage [36]
Tissue factor (F3) OT3MSU3B TF_HUMAN Increases Expression [37]
Histone H2AX (H2AX) OT18UX57 H2AX_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [36]
Alanine aminotransferase 1 (GPT) OTOXOA0Q ALAT1_HUMAN Increases Secretion [38]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) OTCYKGKO MK03_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [39]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) OTH85PI5 MK01_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [39]
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1) OT8H2YY7 AKT1_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [40]
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) OTAAGKYZ STAT3_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [41]
Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1 (IQGAP1) OTZRWTGA IQGA1_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [42]
Small ribosomal subunit protein eS6 (RPS6) OTT4D1LN RS6_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [41]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC2) OTFXFREP BIRC2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [24]
Caspase-8 (CASP8) OTA8TVI8 CASP8_HUMAN Increases Cleavage [43]
Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) OTJC45TA EMAL4_HUMAN Increases Mutagenesis [39]
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (ABCG2) OTW8V2V1 ABCG2_HUMAN Decreases Activity [31]
GTPase KRas (KRAS) OT78QCN8 RASK_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [44]
Pro-epidermal growth factor (EGF) OTANRJ0L EGF_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [40]
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) OTAPLO1S EGFR_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [44]
Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit (KIT) OTHUY3VZ KIT_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [32]
Proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) OTLU00JS HBEGF_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [40]
Protransforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) OTPD1LL9 TGFA_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [40]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 45 DOT(s)

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication DrugCom ID Cell Line Status REF
Glioma DCREDHZ SF-295 Investigative [1]
Cutaneous melanoma DCDMVS7 SK-MEL-5 Investigative [45]
Minimally invasive lung adenocarcinoma DCTQPN0 NCI-H322M Investigative [45]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

References

1 Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
2 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
3 Thioguanine FDA Label
4 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6845).
5 Thiopurine analogs and mycophenolic acid synergistically inhibit the papain-like protease of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Antiviral Res. 2015 Mar;115:9-16.
6 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4903).
7 Immune effector cells produce lethal DNA damage in cells treated with a thiopurine. Cancer Res. 2009 Mar 15;69(6):2393-9.
8 ABC transporters and their role in nucleoside and nucleotide drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Apr 15;83(8):1073-83.
9 Multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) mediates efflux of bimane-glutathione. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Feb;36(2):247-57.
10 Involvement of the concentrative nucleoside transporter 3 and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 in the resistance of T-lymphoblastic cell lines to thiopurines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Apr 28;343(1):208-15.
11 Usefulness of thiopurine methyltransferase and thiopurine metabolite analysis in clinical practice in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2010 Jul-Sep;73(3):331-5.
12 Qualitative and quantitative difference in mutation induction between carbon- and neon-ion beams in normal human cells. Biol Sci Space. 2003 Dec;17(4):302-6.
13 ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
14 CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout screens and target identification via whole-genome sequencing uncover host genes required for picornavirus infection. J Biol Chem. 2017 Jun 23;292(25):10664-10671. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M117.782425. Epub 2017 Apr 26.
15 Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for thiopurine methyltransferase genotype and thiopurine dosing. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Mar;89(3):387-91. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2010.320. Epub 2011 Jan 26.
16 Petit E, Langouet S, Akhdar H, Nicolas-Nicolaz C, Guillouzo A, Morel F. Differential toxic effects of azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine on human hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008;22(3):632-642. [PMID: 18222062]
17 Important role of caspase-8 for chemosensitivity of ALL cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Dec 15;17(24):7605-13. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-0513. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
18 The effect of 6-thioguanine on alternative splicing and antisense-mediated exon skipping treatment for duchenne muscular dystrophy. PLoS Curr. 2012 Dec 12;4:ecurrents.md.597d700f92eaa70de261ea0d91821377. doi: 10.1371/currents.md.597d700f92eaa70de261ea0d91821377.
19 The thiopurine methyltransferase genetic polymorphism is associated with thioguanine-related veno-occlusive disease of the liver in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Oct;80(4):375-83. doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2006.07.002.
20 The effect of Msh2 knockdown on methylating agent induced toxicity in DNA glycosylase deficient cells. Toxicology. 2010 Jan 31;268(1-2):111-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.12.008. Epub 2009 Dec 16.
21 The multidrug resistance protein 5 (ABCC5) confers resistance to 5-fluorouracil and transports its monophosphorylated metabolites. Mol Cancer Ther. 2005 May;4(5):855-63.
22 Expression and prognostic significance of IAP-family genes in human cancers and myeloid leukemias. Clin Cancer Res. 2000 May;6(5):1796-803.
23 Enhancement of the antiproliferative activity of gemcitabine by modulation of c-Met pathway in pancreatic cancer. Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19(5):940-50.
24 Antitumor action of the MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib (PF-02341066) in gastric cancer positive for MET amplification. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012 Jul;11(7):1557-64. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0934. Epub 2012 Jun 22.
25 Aberrant expression of the transcriptional factor Twist1 promotes invasiveness in ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Cell Signal. 2012 Apr;24(4):852-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.11.020. Epub 2011 Dec 8.
26 Met tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PF-2341066, suppresses growth and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015 Aug 26;9:4897-907.
27 Increased oral availability and brain accumulation of the ALK inhibitor crizotinib by coadministration of the P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) inhibitor elacridar. Int J Cancer. 2014 Mar 15;134(6):1484-94.
28 Contribution of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 to the disposition of sorafenib and sorafenib-glucuronide. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Mar 15;19(6):1458-66.
29 Crizotinib for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2013 Jun 1;70(11):943-7.
30 Prediction of crizotinib-midazolam interaction using the Simcyp population-based simulator: comparison of CYP3A time-dependent inhibition between human liver microsomes versus hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Feb;41(2):343-52.
31 Editor's Highlight: PlacentalDisposition and Effects of Crizotinib: An Ex Vivo Study in the Isolated Dual-Side Perfused Human Cotyledon. Toxicol Sci. 2017 Jun 1;157(2):500-509. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx063.
32 Mechanisms of acquired crizotinib resistance in ALK-rearranged lung Cancers. Sci Transl Med. 2012 Feb 8;4(120):120ra17. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003316. Epub 2012 Jan 25.
33 Multi-parameter in vitro toxicity testing of crizotinib, sunitinib, erlotinib, and nilotinib in human cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 Oct 1;272(1):245-55.
34 Rapid-onset hypogonadism secondary to crizotinib use in men with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer. 2012 Nov 1;118(21):5302-9. doi: 10.1002/cncr.27450. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
35 Structure based drug design of crizotinib (PF-02341066), a potent and selective dual inhibitor of mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET) kinase and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). J Med Chem. 2011 Sep 22;54(18):6342-63. doi: 10.1021/jm2007613. Epub 2011 Aug 18.
36 ROS-dependent DNA damage contributes to crizotinib-induced hepatotoxicity via the apoptotic pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019 Nov 15;383:114768. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114768. Epub 2019 Oct 19.
37 Elucidating mechanisms of toxicity using phenotypic data from primary human cell systems--a chemical biology approach for thrombosis-related side effects. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Jan 5;16(1):1008-29. doi: 10.3390/ijms16011008.
38 Cytotoxicity of 34 FDA approved small-molecule kinase inhibitors in primary rat and human hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett. 2018 Jul;291:138-148. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.010. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
39 Therapeutic strategies to overcome crizotinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancers harboring the fusion oncogene EML4-ALK. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 May 3;108(18):7535-40. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1019559108. Epub 2011 Apr 18.
40 Paracrine receptor activation by microenvironment triggers bypass survival signals and ALK inhibitor resistance in EML4-ALK lung cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Jul 1;18(13):3592-602. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2972. Epub 2012 May 2.
41 Crizotinib-resistant mutants of EML4-ALK identified through an accelerated mutagenesis screen. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2011 Dec;78(6):999-1005. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01239.x. Epub 2011 Oct 31.
42 Tyrosine phosphorylation of the scaffold protein IQGAP1 in the MET pathway alters function. J Biol Chem. 2020 Dec 25;295(52):18105-18121. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA120.015891. Epub 2020 Oct 21.
43 Keratinocytes apoptosis contributes to crizotinib induced-erythroderma. Toxicol Lett. 2020 Feb 1;319:102-110. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.007. Epub 2019 Nov 7.
44 Mechanisms of resistance to crizotinib in patients with ALK gene rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Mar 1;18(5):1472-82. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2906. Epub 2012 Jan 10.
45 Loss of function mutations in VARS encoding cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetase cause microcephaly, seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy.Hum Genet. 2018 Apr;137(4):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s00439-018-1882-3. Epub 2018 Apr 24.