General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCY7Q91)

Drug Combination Name
Vismodegib Mercaptopurine
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma Investigative [1]
Component Drugs Vismodegib   DM5IXKQ Mercaptopurine   DMTM2IK
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL
High-throughput Screening Result Testing Cell Line: 786-0
Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 0.76
Bliss Independence Score: 9.89
Loewe Additivity Score: 7.49
LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 11.37

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Vismodegib
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Basal cell carcinoma 2C32 Approved [2]
Primitive neuroectodermal tumour medulloblastoma 2A00.11 Phase 2 [3]
Vismodegib Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Smoothened homolog (SMO) TT8J1S3 SMO_HUMAN Modulator [8]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vismodegib Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Metabolism [9]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) DE5IED8 CP2C9_HUMAN Metabolism [9]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vismodegib Interacts with 13 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A (TNFRSF10A) OTBPCU2O TR10A_HUMAN Increases Expression [10]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B (TNFRSF10B) OTA1CPBV TR10B_HUMAN Increases Expression [10]
Zinc finger protein GLI1 (GLI1) OT1BTAJO GLI1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [10]
Zinc finger protein GLI2 (GLI2) OTIRV97L GLI2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [10]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2) OT9DVHC0 BCL2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [10]
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) OTDJXUCN PGFRA_HUMAN Decreases Expression [10]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS) OTP9XG86 TNR6_HUMAN Increases Expression [10]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Increases Cleavage [10]
Protein patched homolog 1 (PTCH1) OTMG07H5 PTC1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [10]
Protein smoothened (SMO) OTXXE208 SMO_HUMAN Decreases Expression [10]
Protein patched homolog 2 (PTCH2) OTOQ0K9V PTC2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [10]
Suppressor of fused homolog (SUFU) OT0IRYG1 SUFU_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [11]
N-myc proto-oncogene protein (MYCN) OTWD33K1 MYCN_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [11]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 13 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Mercaptopurine
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [4]
Acute lymphocytic leukaemia 2B33.3 Approved [5]
Crohn disease DD70 Phase 4 [6]
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) 1D64 Preclinical [7]
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 1D65 Preclinical [7]
Mercaptopurine Interacts with 4 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
MERS-CoV papain-like proteinase (PL-PRO) TTYJOLE R1AB_CVEMC (854-2740) Inhibitor [7]
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 (IMPDH1) TTL7C8Q IMDH1_HUMAN Inhibitor [14]
SARS-CoV papain-like proteinase (PL-PRO) TTRGHB2 R1AB_CVHSA (819-2740) Inhibitor [7]
Amidophosphoribosyltransferase (PPAT) TTZFTY4 PUR1_HUMAN Breaker [15]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mercaptopurine Interacts with 9 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) DTI7UX6 ABCG2_HUMAN Substrate [16]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (ABCC4) DTCSGPB MRP4_HUMAN Substrate [17]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 (ABCC5) DTYVM24 MRP5_HUMAN Substrate [18]
Organic anion transporter 3 (SLC22A8) DTVP67E S22A8_HUMAN Substrate [19]
Concentrative nucleoside transporter 2 (SLC28A2) DT82KPY S28A2_HUMAN Substrate [20]
Concentrative Na(+)-nucleoside cotransporter 3 (SLC28A3) DT4YL5R S28A3_HUMAN Substrate [21]
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (SLC29A1) DTXD1TQ S29A1_HUMAN Substrate [20]
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (SLC29A2) DTW78DQ S29A2_HUMAN Substrate [20]
Equilibrative nucleobase transporter 1 (SLC43A3) DTGBPR5 S43A3_HUMAN Substrate [22]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 9 DTP(s)
Mercaptopurine Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) DEYGVN4 UD11_HUMAN Metabolism [23]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) DE6OQ3W CP1A1_HUMAN Metabolism [23]
Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) DEFQ8VO TPMT_HUMAN Metabolism [24]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mercaptopurine Interacts with 20 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) OTFOX70W TPMT_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [25]
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (NR4A3) OTPBE9R1 NR4A3_HUMAN Increases ADR [26]
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) OTFOX70W TPMT_HUMAN Decreases Metabolism [27]
Superoxide dismutase , mitochondrial (SOD2) OTIWXGZ9 SODM_HUMAN Increases Expression [28]
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) OTPG0K7E IMDH2_HUMAN Increases Expression [28]
Glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2) OTXI2NTI GPX2_HUMAN Increases Expression [28]
Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) OT6PK94R GPX3_HUMAN Increases Expression [28]
Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (GCLM) OT6CP234 GSH0_HUMAN Increases Expression [28]
Glutathione synthetase (GSS) OTVSBEIW GSHB_HUMAN Increases Expression [28]
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) OTBPMIMW G3P_HUMAN Affects Localization [29]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) OTIE1VH3 P53_HUMAN Affects Activity [30]
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAP2K1) OT4Y9NQI MP2K1_HUMAN Decreases Phosphorylation [12]
Transcription factor p65 (RELA) OTUJP9CN TF65_HUMAN Affects Localization [12]
Bcl-2-like protein 1 (BCL2L1) OTRC5K9O B2CL1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [12]
Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase (MOCOS) OT0TL3Q5 MOCOS_HUMAN Decreases Oxidation [31]
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 1 chain (HLA-DQA1) OTC6GISG DQA1_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [32]
Major vault protein (MVP) OTJGHJRB MVP_HUMAN Decreases Response To Substance [33]
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1 beta chain (HLA-DRB1) OTRGGIFP DRB1_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [32]
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) OTSBF2MO GSTM1_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [13]
Nucleotide triphosphate diphosphatase NUDT15 (NUDT15) OTX8SZOT NUD15_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [34]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
⏷ Show the Full List of 20 DOT(s)

References

1 Loss of function mutations in VARS encoding cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetase cause microcephaly, seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy.Hum Genet. 2018 Apr;137(4):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s00439-018-1882-3. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
2 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6975).
3 A phase II, multicenter, open-label, 3-cohort trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of vismodegib in operable basal cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015 Jul;73(1):99-105.e1.
4 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7226).
5 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
6 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00846703) The GD-2008 ALL Protocol for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
7 Thiopurine analogs and mycophenolic acid synergistically inhibit the papain-like protease of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Antiviral Res. 2015 Mar;115:9-16.
8 Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2013 Feb;12(2):87-90.
9 The dawn of hedgehog inhibitors: Vismodegib. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2013 Jan;4(1):4-7.
10 Hedgehog signaling antagonist GDC-0449 (Vismodegib) inhibits pancreatic cancer stem cell characteristics: molecular mechanisms. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27306. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027306. Epub 2011 Nov 8.
11 Epigenetic targeting of Hedgehog pathway transcriptional output through BET bromodomain inhibition. Nat Med. 2014 Jul;20(7):732-40. doi: 10.1038/nm.3613. Epub 2014 Jun 29.
12 CD28-dependent Rac1 activation is the molecular target of azathioprine in primary human CD4+ T lymphocytes. J Clin Invest. 2003 Apr;111(8):1133-45. doi: 10.1172/JCI16432.
13 Pharmacogenetics of outcome in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2005 Jun 15;105(12):4752-8. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-11-4544. Epub 2005 Feb 15.
14 Clinical pharmacology and pharmacogenetics of thiopurines. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2008 Aug;64(8):753-67.
15 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) induces p53-mediated apoptosis of neural progenitor cells in the developing fetal rodent brain. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2009 Jul-Aug;31(4):198-202.
16 ABC transporters and their role in nucleoside and nucleotide drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Apr 15;83(8):1073-83.
17 Polymorphisms in multidrug resistance-associated protein gene 4 is associated with outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2009 Aug 13;114(7):1383-6.
18 Overexpression of MRP4 (ABCC4) and MRP5 (ABCC5) confer resistance to the nucleoside analogs cytarabine and troxacitabine, but not gemcitabine. Springerplus. 2014 Dec 13;3:732.
19 Organic anion transporter 3 is involved in the brain-to-blood efflux transport of thiopurine nucleobase analogs. J Neurochem. 2004 Aug;90(4):931-41.
20 PharmGKB: A worldwide resource for pharmacogenomic information. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2018 Jul;10(4):e1417. (ID: PA2040)
21 Involvement of the concentrative nucleoside transporter 3 and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 in the resistance of T-lymphoblastic cell lines to thiopurines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Apr 28;343(1):208-15.
22 Characterization of 6-Mercaptopurine Transport by the SLC43A3-Encoded Nucleobase Transporter. Mol Pharmacol. 2019 Jun;95(6):584-596.
23 Pharmacogenomics in drug-metabolizing enzymes catalyzing anticancer drugs for personalized cancer chemotherapy. Curr Drug Metab. 2007 Aug;8(6):554-62.
24 The degree of myelosuppression during maintenance therapy of adolescents with B-lineage intermediate risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia predicts risk of relapse. Leukemia. 2010 Apr;24(4):715-20.
25 Low-dose azathioprine is effective and safe for maintenance of remission in patients with ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol. 2003;38(8):740-6. doi: 10.1007/s00535-003-1139-2.
26 ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
27 Genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolising enzymes and drug transporters in the chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2006;45(3):253-85. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200645030-00003.
28 Petit E, Langouet S, Akhdar H, Nicolas-Nicolaz C, Guillouzo A, Morel F. Differential toxic effects of azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine on human hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008;22(3):632-642. [PMID: 18222062]
29 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase depletion induces cell cycle arrest and resistance to antimetabolites in human carcinoma cell lines. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 Oct;331(1):77-86. doi: 10.1124/jpet.109.155671. Epub 2009 Jul 23.
30 Identification of environmental chemicals that activate p53 signaling after in vitro metabolic activation. Arch Toxicol. 2022 Jul;96(7):1975-1987. doi: 10.1007/s00204-022-03291-5. Epub 2022 Apr 18.
31 Thiopurine-induced toxicity is associated with dysfunction variant of the human molybdenum cofactor sulfurase gene (xanthinuria type II). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2018 Aug 15;353:102-108. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.015. Epub 2018 Jun 20.
32 HLA-DQA1-HLA-DRB1 variants confer susceptibility to pancreatitis induced by thiopurine immunosuppressants. Nat Genet. 2014 Oct;46(10):1131-4. doi: 10.1038/ng.3093. Epub 2014 Sep 14.
33 Sensitization of ABCG2-overexpressing cells to conventional chemotherapeutic agent by sunitinib was associated with inhibiting the function of ABCG2. Cancer Lett. 2009 Jun 28;279(1):74-83. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.01.027. Epub 2009 Feb 18.
34 A common missense variant in NUDT15 confers susceptibility to thiopurine-induced leukopenia. Nat Genet. 2014 Sep;46(9):1017-20. doi: 10.1038/ng.3060. Epub 2014 Aug 10.