Details of the Drug-Related molecule(s) Interaction Atlas

General Information of Drug (ID: DMF9RB4)

• Drug Name: Procysteine Drug Info
• Synonyms: Procysteine; 19771-63-2; (R)-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid; (4R)-2-oxo-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid; L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid; L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate; 4-Thiazolidinecarboxylic acid, 2-oxo-, (4R)-; CCRIS 7672; Oxothiazolidine carboxylate, L-; UNII-X7063P804E; 2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, L-; L-2-Oxo-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid; BRN 4179169; (R)-2-Oxo-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid; (4R)-2-oxo-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid; CHEMBL442218; 4-Thiazolidinecarboxylic acid, 2-oxo-, L-

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	8B60.0	Phase 2	[1]

• Cross-matching ID:
  PubChem CID: 72390
  ChEBI ID: CHEBI:125673
  CAS Number: CAS 19771-63-2
  TTD Drug ID: DMF9RB4
  VARIDT Drug ID: DR00913
  INTEDE Drug ID: DR1919

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Drug(s) Targeting Reactive oxygen species (ROS)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Tafenoquine	DM1XT4N	Malaria	1F40-1F45	Approved	[4]
Mitoquinone	DMKPZ0Q	Hepatitis C virus infection	1E51.1	Phase 2	[5]
Sodium pyruvate	DMST6A3	Asthma	CA23	Phase 1/2	[6]

Drug(s) Affected By Methylated-DNA--protein-cysteine methyltransferase (MGMT)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
DTI-015	DMXZRW0	Brain cancer	2A00	Approved	[7]
Cyclophosphamide	DM4O2Z7	Advanced cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[8]
Acocantherin	DM7JT24	Atrial fibrillation	BC81.3	Approved	[9]
Ciclosporin	DMAZJFX	Graft-versus-host disease	4B24	Approved	[10]
Disulfiram	DMCL2OK	Alcohol dependence	6C40.2	Approved	[11]
Ivermectin	DMDBX5F	Intestinal strongyloidiasis due to nematode parasite	1F6B	Approved	[12]
Dexamethasone	DMMWZET	Acute adrenal insufficiency		Approved	[13]
Phenytoin	DMNOKBV	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[14]
Dacarbazine	DMNPZL4	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[15]
Topotecan	DMP6G8T	Central nervous system neoplasm		Approved	[16]

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)	TTULV0X	NOUNIPROTAC	Modulator	[2]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Pyroglutamase (OPLAH) Main DME	DEJ1LMB	OPLA_HUMAN	Substrate	[3]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Interaction	REF
Methylated-DNA--protein-cysteine methyltransferase (MGMT)	OT40A9WH	MGMT_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[3]

References

• [1] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00002114) A Double-Blind, Randomized Parallel Group Study Comparing Procysteine to Placebo in HIV-Infected Patients Who Are Taking Antiretroviral Nucleosides. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [2] Protective effect of procysteine on Acinetobacter pneumonia in hyperoxic conditions. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013 Oct;68(10):2305-10.
• [3] Increased expression of the MGMT repair protein mediated by cysteine prodrugs and chemopreventative natural products in human lymphocytes and tumor cell lines. Carcinogenesis. 2007 Feb;28(2):378-89.
• [4] Tafenoquine: First Global Approval.Drugs. 2018 Sep;78(14):1517-1523.
• [5] Mitoquinone (MitoQ) Inhibits Platelet Activation Steps by Reducing ROS Levels. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 27;21(17):6192.
• [6] A molecular mechanism of pyruvate protection against cytotoxicity of reactive oxygen species in osteoblasts. Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Sep;70(3):925-35.
• [7] Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 3 as a putative regulator of nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated resistance to O6-alkylating agents in human glioblastomas. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jan 10;24(2):274-87. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.02.9405. Epub 2005 Dec 19.
• [8] Comparative gene expression analysis of a chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line resistant to cyclophosphamide using oligonucleotide arrays and response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Leuk Res. 2007 Nov;31(11):1511-20.
• [9] Ouabain induces apoptotic cell death in human prostate DU 145 cancer cells through DNA damage and TRAIL pathways. Environ Toxicol. 2019 Dec;34(12):1329-1339. doi: 10.1002/tox.22834. Epub 2019 Aug 21.
• [10] Comparison of HepG2 and HepaRG by whole-genome gene expression analysis for the purpose of chemical hazard identification. Toxicol Sci. 2010 May;115(1):66-79.
• [11] Disulfiram is a direct and potent inhibitor of human O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in brain tumor cells and mouse brain and markedly increases the alkylating DNA damage. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Mar;35(3):692-702. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgt366. Epub 2013 Nov 5.
• [12] Quantitative proteomics reveals a broad-spectrum antiviral property of ivermectin, benefiting for COVID-19 treatment. J Cell Physiol. 2021 Apr;236(4):2959-2975. doi: 10.1002/jcp.30055. Epub 2020 Sep 22.
• [13] Induction of the DNA repair gene O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase by dexamethasone in glioblastomas. J Neurosurg. 2004 Oct;101(4):659-63. doi: 10.3171/jns.2004.101.4.0659.
• [14] Phenytoin may increase the efficacy of temozolomide by methylating DNA-repair enzyme, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in patients with glioblastoma. Med Hypotheses. 2005;65(4):819-20. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.04.007.
• [15] Pharmacokinetic, biochemical and clinical effects of dimethyltriazenoimidazole-4-carboxamide-bischloroethylnitrosourea combination therapy in patients with advanced breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 2003 Feb 20;103(5):686-92. doi: 10.1002/ijc.10849.
• [16] Transcriptional repression of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase gene rendering cells hypersensitive to N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosurea in camptothecin-resistant cells. Mol Pharmacol. 2008 Aug;74(2):517-26. doi: 10.1124/mol.107.043620. Epub 2008 May 20.