Details of the Drug-Related molecule(s) Interaction Atlas

General Information of Drug (ID: DMH2EA1)

• Drug Name: Laromustine Drug Info
• Synonyms: Cloretazine; Onrigin; Alkylating agents, Vion; SHP, Vion; Sulfonyl hydrazine prodrugs, Vion; VN-40101M; VNP-40101M; VNP-4090-CE; 90CE

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Solid tumour/cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Phase 3	[1]

• Cross-matching ID:
  PubChem CID: 3081349
  CAS Number: CAS 173424-77-6
  TTD Drug ID: DMH2EA1

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Drug(s) Targeting Human Deoxyribonucleic acid (hDNA)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Cisplatin	DMRHGI9	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[4]
Oxaliplatin	DMQNWRD	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[5]
Daunorubicin	DMQUSBT	Acute monocytic leukemia		Approved	[6]
Ifosfamide	DMCT3I8	Adult central nervous system germ cell tumor		Approved	[7]
Cyclophosphamide	DM4O2Z7	Advanced cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[8]
Carboplatin	DMG281S	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[9]
Busulfan	DMXYJ9C	Chronic myelogenous leukaemia	2A20.0	Approved	[10]
Procarbazine	DMIK367	Hodgkin lymphoma	2B30	Approved	[11]
Dactinomycin	DM2YGNW	Adult kidney Wilms tumor		Approved	[12]
Dacarbazine	DMNPZL4	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[13]

Drug(s) Affected By Methylated-DNA--protein-cysteine methyltransferase (MGMT)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
DTI-015	DMXZRW0	Brain cancer	2A00	Approved	[14]
Cyclophosphamide	DM4O2Z7	Advanced cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[15]
Acocantherin	DM7JT24	Atrial fibrillation	BC81.3	Approved	[16]
Ciclosporin	DMAZJFX	Graft-versus-host disease	4B24	Approved	[17]
Disulfiram	DMCL2OK	Alcohol dependence	6C40.2	Approved	[18]
Ivermectin	DMDBX5F	Intestinal strongyloidiasis due to nematode parasite	1F6B	Approved	[19]
Dexamethasone	DMMWZET	Acute adrenal insufficiency		Approved	[20]
Phenytoin	DMNOKBV	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[21]
Dacarbazine	DMNPZL4	Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[22]
Topotecan	DMP6G8T	Central nervous system neoplasm		Approved	[23]

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Human Deoxyribonucleic acid (hDNA)	TTUTN1I	NOUNIPROTAC	Binder	[2]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Interaction	REF
Methylated-DNA--protein-cysteine methyltransferase (MGMT)	OT40A9WH	MGMT_HUMAN	Gene/Protein Processing	[3]

References

• [1] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00112554) Cytarabine With or Without VNP40101M in Treating Patients With Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [2] Phase I study of temozolomide and laromustine (VNP40101M) in patients with relapsed or refractory leukemia. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2010 Jun;10(3):211-6.
• [3] 1,2-Bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[(methylamino)carbonyl]hydrazine (VNP40101M): I. Direct inhibition of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) by electrophilic species generated by decomposition. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2004 Apr;53(4):279-87. doi: 10.1007/s00280-003-0740-7. Epub 2003 Dec 24.
• [4] Cisplatin and DNA repair in cancer chemotherapy.Trends Biochem Sci.1995 Oct;20(10):435-9.
• [5] Structures of oxaliplatin-oligonucleotide adducts from DNA.J Mass Spectrom.2012 Oct;47(10):1282-93.
• [6] 31P NMR spectra of ethidium, quinacrine, and daunomycin complexes with poly(adenylic acid).poly(uridylic acid) RNA duplex and calf thymus DNA. Biochemistry. 1989 Apr 4;28(7):2804-12.
• [7] Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ifosfamide in relation to DNA damage assessed by the COMET assay in children with cancer. Br J Cancer. 2005 May 9;92(9):1626-35.
• [8] O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity and sensitivity to cyclophosphamide and cisplatin in human lung tumor xenografts. Int J Cancer. 1998 Sep 11;77(6):919-22.
• [9] Inhibition of carboplatin-induced DNA interstrand cross-link repair by gemcitabine in patients receiving these drugs for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.Clin Cancer Res.2010 Oct 1;16(19):4899-905.
• [10] DNA intrastrand cross-link at the 5'-GA-3' sequence formed by busulfan and its role in the cytotoxic effect. Cancer Sci. 2004 May;95(5):454-8.
• [11] Brca2/Xrcc2 dependent HR, but not NHEJ, is required for protection against O(6)-methylguanine triggered apoptosis, DSBs and chromosomal aberrations... DNA Repair (Amst). 2009 Jan 1;8(1):72-86.
• [12] Structural studies of atom-specific anticancer drugs acting on DNA. Pharmacol Ther. 1999 Sep;83(3):181-215.
• [13] Predicting the myelotoxicity of chemotherapy: the use of pretreatment O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase determination in peripheral blood mono... Melanoma Res. 2011 Dec;21(6):502-8.
• [14] Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 3 as a putative regulator of nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated resistance to O6-alkylating agents in human glioblastomas. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jan 10;24(2):274-87. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.02.9405. Epub 2005 Dec 19.
• [15] Comparative gene expression analysis of a chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line resistant to cyclophosphamide using oligonucleotide arrays and response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Leuk Res. 2007 Nov;31(11):1511-20.
• [16] Ouabain induces apoptotic cell death in human prostate DU 145 cancer cells through DNA damage and TRAIL pathways. Environ Toxicol. 2019 Dec;34(12):1329-1339. doi: 10.1002/tox.22834. Epub 2019 Aug 21.
• [17] Comparison of HepG2 and HepaRG by whole-genome gene expression analysis for the purpose of chemical hazard identification. Toxicol Sci. 2010 May;115(1):66-79.
• [18] Disulfiram is a direct and potent inhibitor of human O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in brain tumor cells and mouse brain and markedly increases the alkylating DNA damage. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Mar;35(3):692-702. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgt366. Epub 2013 Nov 5.
• [19] Quantitative proteomics reveals a broad-spectrum antiviral property of ivermectin, benefiting for COVID-19 treatment. J Cell Physiol. 2021 Apr;236(4):2959-2975. doi: 10.1002/jcp.30055. Epub 2020 Sep 22.
• [20] Induction of the DNA repair gene O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase by dexamethasone in glioblastomas. J Neurosurg. 2004 Oct;101(4):659-63. doi: 10.3171/jns.2004.101.4.0659.
• [21] Phenytoin may increase the efficacy of temozolomide by methylating DNA-repair enzyme, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in patients with glioblastoma. Med Hypotheses. 2005;65(4):819-20. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.04.007.
• [22] Pharmacokinetic, biochemical and clinical effects of dimethyltriazenoimidazole-4-carboxamide-bischloroethylnitrosourea combination therapy in patients with advanced breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 2003 Feb 20;103(5):686-92. doi: 10.1002/ijc.10849.
• [23] Transcriptional repression of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase gene rendering cells hypersensitive to N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosurea in camptothecin-resistant cells. Mol Pharmacol. 2008 Aug;74(2):517-26. doi: 10.1124/mol.107.043620. Epub 2008 May 20.