Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMF54ZG)

• Drug Name: Sulpiride
• Synonyms: Abilit; Aiglonyl; Alimoral; Arminol; Calmoflorine; Championyl; Coolspan; Darleton; Deponerton; Desisulpid; Desmenat; Digton; Dobren; Dogmatil; Dogmatyl; Dolmatil; Dresent; Eglonil; Eglonyl; Ekilid; Enimon; Equilid; Eusulpid; Fardalan; Fidelan; Guastil; Isnamide; Kylistro; Lebopride; Levobren; Levopraid; Levosulpirida; Levosulpiridum; Lisopiride; Mariastel; Meresa; Miradol; Mirbanil; Misulvan; Neogama; Norestran; Normum; Nufarol; Omiryl; Omperan; Ozoderpin; Pontiride; Psicocen; Pyrikappl; Pyrkappl; Restful; Sernevin; Splotin; Stamonevrol; Sulp; Sulperide; Sulpirid; Sulpirida; Sulpiridum; Sulpitil; Sulpivert; Sulpor; Sulpride; Sulpyrid; Suprium; Sursumid; Synedil; Tepavil; Valirem; Zemorcon; Allphar Brand of Sulpiride; Almirall Brand of Sulpiride; Areu Brand of Sulpiride; Centrum Brand of Sulpiride; Desitin Brand of Sulpiride; Dolorgiet Brand of Sulpiride; Erempharma Brand of Sulpiride; Fumouzer Brand of Sulpiride; Hennig Brand of Sulpiride; Hexal Brand of Sulpiride; Hoechst Brand of Sulpiride; Hormosan Brand of Sulpiride; Krewel Brand of Sulpiride; Levosulpiride [INN]; Magnetic resonance imaging sulpiride; Pharmacia Brand of Sulpiride; Psicofarma Brand of Sulpiride; Rosemont Brand of Sulpiride; Sanofi Synthelabo Brand of Sulpiride; Spyfarma Brand of Sulpiride; Uriach Brand of Sulpiride; Vertigo Meresa; Vertigo neogama; RD 1403; S 8010; Bosnyl (TN); Dogmatil (TN); Dogmatyl (TN); Eglonyl (TN); Levosulpirida [INN-Spanish]; Levosulpiridum [INN-Latin]; Meresa (TN); Neuraxpharm (TN); RV-12309; Ratiopharm (TN); Sanofi-Synthelabo Brand of Sulpiride; Sulpirid (TN); Sulpirida [INN-Spanish]; Sulpiridum [INN-Latin]; Sulpiryd (TN); Vertigo-Meresa; Vertigo-neogama; R. D. 1403; R.D. 1403; Sulpiride (JP15/USAN/INN); Sulpiride [USAN:INN:BAN:JAN]; N-((1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)-5-sulfamoyl-o-anisamide; (+/-)-Sulpiride; (RS)-(+/-)-sulpiride; (inverted question mark)-Sulpiride

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Schizophrenia	6A20	Approved	[1], [2]

• Therapeutic Class: Antipsychotic Agents
• Drug Type: Small molecular drug
• #Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0:
  Molecular Weight (mw); 341.4
  Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp); 0.6
  Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds); 6
  Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor); 2
  Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc); 6
• ADMET Property:
  BDDCS Class: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 3: high solubility and low permeability [3]
  Clearance: The drug present in the plasma can be removed from the body at the rate of 1.9 mL/min/kg [4]
  Elimination: 70% of drug is excreted from urine in the unchanged form [3]
  Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 6.5 hours [4]
  MRTD: The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 133.8907 micromolar/kg/day [5]
  Unbound Fraction: The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 1% [4]
  Vd: Fluid volume that would be required to contain the amount of drug present in the body at the same concentration as in the plasma 0.94 L/kg [4]
  Water Solubility: The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 2.28 mg/mL [3]
• Chemical Identifiers:
  Formula: C15H23N3O4S
  IUPAC Name: N-[(1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl]-2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzamide
  Canonical SMILES: CCN1CCCC1CNC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)S(=O)(=O)N)OC
  InChI: InChI=1S/C15H23N3O4S/c1-3-18-8-4-5-11(18)10-17-15(19)13-9-12(23(16,20)21)6-7-14(13)22-2/h6-7,9,11H,3-5,8,10H2,1-2H3,(H,17,19)(H2,16,20,21)
  InChIKey: BGRJTUBHPOOWDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• Cross-matching ID:
  PubChem CID: 5355
  ChEBI ID: CHEBI:32168
  CAS Number: 15676-16-1
  DrugBank ID: DB00391
  TTD ID: D03QGM
  VARIDT ID: DR01168

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Dopamine D2 receptor (D2R)	TTEX248	DRD2_HUMAN	Antagonist	[6], [7], [8]

Drug Transporter (DTP)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Peptide transporter 1 (SLC15A1)	DT9G7XN	S15A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

• The Studied Disease: Schizophrenia
• ICD Disease Classification: 6A20

Molecule Name	Molecule Type	Gene Name	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Dopamine D2 receptor (D2R)	DTT	DRD2	2.50E-02	-0.08	-0.49
Peptide transporter 1 (SLC15A1)	DTP	PEPT1	4.57E-01	2.15E-02	1.72E-01

References

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• [2] Persistence and compliance to antidepressant treatment in patients with depression: a chart review. BMC Psychiatry. 2009 Jun 16;9:38.
• [3] BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
• [4] Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
• [5] Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
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• [9] Studies on intestinal absorption of sulpiride (2): transepithelial transport of sulpiride across the human intestinal cell line Caco-2. Biol Pharm Bull. 2002 Oct;25(10):1345-50.
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• [17] The Detection of Dopamine Gene Receptors (DRD1-DRD5) Expression on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes by Real Time PCR. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004 Dec;3(4):169-74.
• [18] Dopaminergic synapses in the matrix of the ventrolateral striatum after chronic haloperidol treatment. Synapse. 2002 Aug;45(2):78-85.
• [19] CYP2D6 and DRD2 genes differentially impact pharmacodynamic sensitivity and time course of prolactin response to perphenazine. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2007 Nov;17(11):989-93.
• [20] Synthesis and in vitro binding of N-phenyl piperazine analogs as potential dopamine D3 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem. 2005 Jan 3;13(1):77-87.
• [21] Screening of domperidone in wastewater by high performance liquid chromatography and solid phase extraction methods. Talanta. 2006 Jan 15;68(3):928-31.
• [22] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 3639).
• [23] Receptor reserve-dependent properties of antipsychotics at human dopamine D2 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Apr 1;607(1-3):35-40.
• [24] [The benzamides tiapride, sulpiride, and amisulpride in treatment for Tourette's syndrome]. Nervenarzt. 2007 Mar;78(3):264, 266-8, 270-1.
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