Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMPI6Z0)

• Drug Name: Zopiclone
• Synonyms: Amoban; Amovane; Imovance; Imovane; Limovan; Optidorm; Rhovane; Siaten; Sopivan; Ximovan; Zileze; Zimoclone; Zimovane; Zopicalm; Zopicalma; Zopiclodura; Zopiclona; Zopiclonum; Zopitan; Zorclone; AbZ brand of zopiclone; Aliud brand of zopiclone; Alpharma brand of zopiclone; Aventis Pharma brand of zopiclone; Aventis brand of zopiclone; Azupharma brand of zopiclone; Betapharm brand of zopiclone; Ciclum brand of zopiclone; Clonmel brand of zopiclone; Dolorgeit brand of zopiclone; Gerard brand of zopiclone; Hexal brand of zopiclone; Hormosan brand of zopiclone; Italfarmaco brand of zopiclone; Merck dura brand of zopiclone; Neuraxpharm brand of zopiclone; Norton brand of zopiclone; Opus brand of zopiclone; Pinewood brand of zopiclone; Ratiopharm brand of zopiclone; Rhodiapharm brand of zopiclone; Stadapharm brand of zopiclone; TAD brand of zopiclone; Temmler brand of zopiclone; Teva brand of zopiclone; Zopiclon AL; Zopiclon AZU; Zopiclon AbZ; Zopiclon Stada; Zopiclon TAD; Zopiclon beta; Zopiclon von ct; RP 27 267; RP 27267; Z 4900; Z4900_SIGMA; Amoban (TN); Ct-Arzneimittel brand of zopiclone; Imovane (TN); Novo-zopiclone; Nu-Pharm brand of zopiclone; Nu-Zopiclone; RP-27267; Ran-zopiclone; Ratio-Zopiclone; Rhone-Poulenc Rorer brand of zopiclone; Zimovane (TN); Zopi-Puren; Zopiclon-TEVA; Zopiclon-neuraxpharm; Zopiclon-ratiopharm; Zopiclona [INN-Spanish]; Zopiclone (TN); Zopiclonum [INN-Latin]; Zopinox (TN); Zopiclone (JAN/INN); Zopiclone [BAN:INN:JAN]; Zopiclone, Imovane, Zimovane, Lunesta; [6-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-oxo-7H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-7-yl] 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate; 1-Piperazinecarboxylic acid, 4-methyl-, 6-(5-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-6,7-dihydro-7-oxo-5H-pyrrolo(3,4-b)pyrazin-5-yl ester; 1-Piperazinecarboxylic acid, 4-methyl-, 6-(5-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-6,7-dihydro-7-oxo-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl ester; 4-Methyl-1-piperazinecarboxylic acid 6-(5-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-6,7-dihydro-7-oxo-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl ester; 4-Methyl-1-piperazinecarboxylic acid ester with 6-(5-chloro-2-pyridyl)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-5H-pyrrolo(3,4-b)pyrazin-5-one; 6-(5-Chloro-2-pyridinyl)-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl 4-methyl-1-piperazinecarboxylate; 6-(5-chloro-2-pyridyl)-6,7-dihydro-7-oxo-5H-pyrrolo(3,4-b)pyrazin-5-yl 4-methyl-1-piperazinecarboxylate; 6-(5-chloropyrid-2-yl)-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyloxy-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine; 6-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Insomnia	7A00-7A0Z	Approved	[1], [2]

• Therapeutic Class: Hypnotics and Sedatives
• Drug Type: Small molecular drug
• #Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0:
  Molecular Weight (mw); 388.8
  Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp); 0.5
  Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds); 3
  Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor); 0
  Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc); 7
• ADMET Property:
  Absorption: The drug is rapidly absorbed following oral administration [3]
  BDDCS Class: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 1: high solubility and high permeability [4]
  Clearance: The drug present in the plasma can be removed from the body at the rate of 3.3 mL/min/kg [5]
  Elimination: 4.5% of drug is excreted from urine in the unchanged form [4]
  Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 5 hours [5]
  Metabolism: The drug is metabolized via the liver [3]
  MRTD: The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 0.2756 micromolar/kg/day [6]
  Unbound Fraction: The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.2% [5]
  Vd: Fluid volume that would be required to contain the amount of drug present in the body at the same concentration as in the plasma 1.3 L/kg [5]
  Water Solubility: The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 0.12 mg/mL [4]
• Chemical Identifiers:
  Formula: C17H17ClN6O3
  IUPAC Name: [6-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-oxo-7H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-7-yl] 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate
  Canonical SMILES: CN1CCN(CC1)C(=O)OC2C3=NC=CN=C3C(=O)N2C4=NC=C(C=C4)Cl
  InChI: InChI=1S/C17H17ClN6O3/c1-22-6-8-23(9-7-22)17(26)27-16-14-13(19-4-5-20-14)15(25)24(16)12-3-2-11(18)10-21-12/h2-5,10,16H,6-9H2,1H3
  InChIKey: GBBSUAFBMRNDJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• Cross-matching ID:
  PubChem CID: 5735
  ChEBI ID: CHEBI:32315
  CAS Number: 43200-80-2
  DrugBank ID: DB01198
  TTD ID: D0ZB7K
  INTEDE ID: DR1738

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Glutamate receptor AMPA (GRIA)	TTAN6JD	NOUNIPROTAC	Binder	[7], [8], [9]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)	DEVDYN7	CP2E1_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DES5XRU	CP2C8_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (COX-1)	DE073H6	PGH1_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

• The Studied Disease: Insomnia
• ICD Disease Classification: 7A00-7A0Z

Molecule Name	Molecule Type	Gene Name	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Glutamate receptor AMPA (GRIA)	DTT	NO-GeName	1.79E-04	-0.69	-0.58
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)	DME	CYP2E1	1.87E-04	-1.20E-01	-3.22E-01
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DME	CYP2C8	1.82E-04	-1.35E-01	-5.84E-01
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DME	CYP2C9	1.90E-01	-9.81E-03	-5.96E-02
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DME	CYP3A4	1.04E-02	6.29E-02	3.54E-01
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (COX-1)	DME	PTGS1	3.97E-03	1.56E-01	4.33E-01

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