Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DIS7CGKY)

• Disease Name: Helminth infection
• Synonyms: worm infection; helminthosis; helminth infection; parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease; helminthiasis
• Disease Class: 1F90: Parasitic worm infestation
• Definition: A parasitic infection characterized by the infestation with worms, mainly in the intestine.|Editor note: this is a vague grouping and does not correspond to any one taxon
• Disease Hierarchy:
  DISX9CEW: Parasitic infection
  DIS7CGKY: Helminth infection
• ICD Code:
  ICD-11: ICD-11: 1F90.0
  ICD-10: ICD-10: A00-B99
  ICD-9: ICD-9: 001-139
  Expand ICD-9: 001,002,003,004,005,006,007,008,009,010,011,012,013,014,015,016,017,018,019,020,021,022,023,024,025,026,027,028,029,030,031,032,033,034,035,036,037,038,039,040,041,042,043,044,045,046,047,048,049,050,051,052,053,054,055,056,057,058,059,060,061,062,063,064,065,066,067,068,069,070,071,072,073,074,075,076,077,078,079,080,081,082,083,084,085,086,087,088,089,090,091,092,093,094,095,096,097,098,099,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139
• Disease Identifiers:
  MONDO ID: MONDO_0004664
  MESH ID: D006373
  UMLS CUI: C0018889
  MedGen ID: 6765
  SNOMED CT ID: 27601005

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 4 Approved Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Albendazole	DMYZ57N	Approved	Small molecular drug	[1]
Mebendazole	DMO14SG	Approved	Small molecular drug	[2]
Thiabendazole	DM7YCK3	Approved	Small molecular drug	[3]
TRICLABENDAZOLE	DMPWGBR	Approved	Small molecular drug	[4]

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Clinical Trial Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Amocarzine	DMB9587	Phase 3	Small molecular drug	[5]

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

This Disease Is Related to 11 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
AGXT	TTF5NVW	Strong	Biomarker	[6]
CCL11	TTCF05Y	Strong	Biomarker	[7]
CYSLTR2	TT0PZR5	Strong	Genetic Variation	[8]
FCER2	TTCH6MU	Strong	Altered Expression	[9]
IL25	TTVMO5W	Strong	Biomarker	[10]
IL33	TT5MD4P	Strong	Altered Expression	[11]
IL5	TTPREZD	Strong	Biomarker	[12]
IL9	TT0JTFD	Strong	Biomarker	[13]
NMUR1	TTI7T1Q	Strong	Biomarker	[14]
SETD7	TTJ0FSU	Strong	Biomarker	[15]
SUCNR1	TT4FX9Y	Strong	Biomarker	[16]

This Disease Is Related to 11 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
ADCY9	OT1IZT5K	Strong	Genetic Variation	[17]
BCL11B	OT8KKCVJ	Strong	Biomarker	[18]
EOMES	OTB9VQFA	Strong	Biomarker	[19]
FUZ	OTC427QQ	Strong	Biomarker	[20]
GAMT	OTVC87ES	Strong	Biomarker	[21]
LINGO2	OT3N88Q1	Strong	Biomarker	[22]
MS4A2	OTMCAS2D	Strong	Biomarker	[8]
NBEAL1	OTLJ11N3	Strong	Biomarker	[23]
NELFCD	OTOLTZPU	Strong	Altered Expression	[24]
SUCLA2	OTMZD4PW	Strong	Altered Expression	[25]
TNFSF8	OTDYGDJ3	Strong	Altered Expression	[26]

References

• [1] Albendazole FDA Label
• [2] Mebendazole FDA Label
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7304).
• [4] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [5] The safety and efficacy of amocarzine in African onchocerciasis and the influence of ivermectin on the clinical and parasitological response to treatment. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1997 Apr;91(3):281-96.
• [6] Clustering of allergic outcomes within families and households in areas endemic for helminth infections.Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2005 Apr;136(4):356-64. doi: 10.1159/000084255. Epub 2005 Mar 2.
• [7] Interleukin (IL)-5 downregulates tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced eotaxin messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in eosinophils. Induction of eotaxin mRNA by TNF and IL-5 in eosinophils.Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1999 Sep;21(3):303-10. doi: 10.1165/ajrcmb.21.3.3467.
• [8] Variants in the CYSLTR2 are associated with asthma, atopy markers and helminths infections in the Brazilian population.Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2019 Jun;145:15-22. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.05.003. Epub 2019 May 7.
• [9] Transforming growth factor beta and dexamethasone suppress the expression of Fc epsilon receptor 2 (CD23) on a human eosinophilic cell line EoL-3.Immunol Lett. 1990 Sep;25(4):313-8. doi: 10.1016/0165-2478(90)90201-z.
• [10] ILC2s - resident lymphocytes pre-adapted to a specific tissue or migratory effectors that adapt to where they move?.Curr Opin Immunol. 2019 Feb;56:76-81. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.11.001. Epub 2018 Nov 23.
• [11] IL-33 Induces Murine Intestinal Goblet Cell Differentiation Indirectly via Innate Lymphoid Cell IL-13 Secretion.J Immunol. 2019 Jan 15;202(2):598-607. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800292. Epub 2018 Dec 7.
• [12] Intestinal helminth infection promotes IL-5- and CD4(+) T cell-dependent immunity in the lung against migrating parasites.Mucosal Immunol. 2019 Mar;12(2):352-362. doi: 10.1038/s41385-018-0102-8. Epub 2018 Nov 6.
• [13] Interleukin-9 promotes early mast cell-mediated expulsion of Strongyloides ratti but is dispensable for generation of protective memory.Sci Rep. 2018 Jun 5;8(1):8636. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-26907-2.
• [14] Neuronal regulation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells via neuromedin U.Nature. 2017 Sep 14;549(7671):277-281. doi: 10.1038/nature23469. Epub 2017 Sep 6.
• [15] Intestinal Epithelial Cell-Intrinsic Deletion of Setd7 Identifies Role for Developmental Pathways in Immunity to Helminth Infection.PLoS Pathog. 2016 Sep 6;12(9):e1005876. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005876. eCollection 2016 Sep.
• [16] The Tuft Cell-ILC2 Circuit Integrates Intestinal Defense and Homeostasis.Cell. 2018 Jul 12;174(2):251-253. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.037.
• [17] Adenylyl cyclase type 9 gene polymorphisms are associated with asthma and allergy in Brazilian children.Mol Immunol. 2017 Feb;82:137-145. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.01.001. Epub 2017 Jan 8.
• [18] Bcl11b is essential for licensing Th2 differentiation during helminth infection and allergic asthma.Nat Commun. 2018 Apr 26;9(1):1679. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04111-0.
• [19] Assessing the role of the T-box transcription factor Eomes in B cell differentiation during either Th1 or Th2 cell-biased responses.PLoS One. 2018 Dec 6;13(12):e0208343. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208343. eCollection 2018.
• [20] Initiating NTD programs targeting schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in two provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Establishment of baseline prevalence for mass drug administration.Acta Trop. 2017 Feb;166:177-185. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.11.023. Epub 2016 Nov 22.
• [21] Sequence and immunogenicity of the Taenia saginata homologue of the major surface antigen of Echinococcus spp.Parasitol Res. 1998 May;84(5):426-31. doi: 10.1007/s004360050423.
• [22] TFF3 interacts with LINGO2 to regulate EGFR activation for protection against colitis and gastrointestinal helminths.Nat Commun. 2019 Sep 27;10(1):4408. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12315-1.
• [23] A Unique Case of Cutaneous Larva Migrans Acquired Within the Province of Quebec and Successfully Treated With Topical Ivermectin.J Cutan Med Surg. 2018 May/Jun;22(3):347-348. doi: 10.1177/1203475418755763. Epub 2018 Jan 26.
• [24] Differential changes in expression of intestinal antimicrobial peptide genes during Ascaris lumbricoides infection in Zambian adults do not respond to helminth eradication.J Infect Dis. 2011 May 15;203(10):1464-73. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jir035. Epub 2011 Feb 28.
• [25] Guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart.) protects against amyloid- toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans through heat shock protein response activation.Nutr Neurosci. 2020 Jun;23(6):444-454. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2018.1517473. Epub 2018 Sep 9.
• [26] Expression of CD30 mRNA, CD30L mRNA and a variant form of CD30 mRNA in restimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with helminthic infections resembling a Th2 disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 1999 Jan;115(1):114-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00774.x.