Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DISWUNWK)

• Disease Name: Giardiasis
• Synonyms: lambliasis; infections, Giardia; Lambliases; Giardiases; Giardia; infection by Giardia lamblia; beaver feaver; Giardia infection
• Definition: An infection of the small intestine caused by the flagellated protozoan giardia lamblia. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.
• Disease Hierarchy:
  DIS57EB5: Protozoa infectious disease
  DISEM33Q: Infectious disease
  DIS1DL0Z: Parasitic intestinal disorder
  DISWUNWK: Giardiasis
• Disease Identifiers:
  MONDO ID: MONDO_0001103
  MESH ID: D005873
  UMLS CUI: C0017536
  MedGen ID: 42213
  SNOMED CT ID: 10679007

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 3 Approved Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Metronidazole	DMTIVEN	Approved	Small molecular drug	[1]
Nitazoxanide	DMOWLVG	Approved	Small molecular drug	[2]
Tindamax	DM3OWT4	Approved	Small molecular drug	[3]

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

This Disease Is Related to 1 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
CACNA1B	TT4FDG6	Strong	Genetic Variation	[4]

This Disease Is Related to 1 DTP Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTP ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
SLC27A5	DT0TQS3	Strong	Biomarker	[5]

This Disease Is Related to 2 DME Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DME ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
UGDH	DE48Q2Z	Strong	Genetic Variation	[6]
UPP1	DEFZWAX	Strong	Biomarker	[7]

This Disease Is Related to 10 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
GPR162	OTK4LT3K	moderate	Genetic Variation	[8]
TPI1	OT14KP4B	moderate	Genetic Variation	[9]
AGL	OTWBM7WY	Strong	Biomarker	[10]
CRYL1	OT0SJSJM	Strong	Genetic Variation	[6]
GLUD1	OTXKOCUH	Strong	Genetic Variation	[6]
H6PD	OTO7TNDD	Strong	Genetic Variation	[6]
IVD	OT8JFXUQ	Strong	Biomarker	[11]
RAD52	OT0OTDHI	Strong	Biomarker	[12]
SF3B4	OTGB9OR9	Strong	Biomarker	[13]
STX2	OTO2IDDR	Strong	Biomarker	[14]

References

• [1] Metronidazole FDA Label
• [2] Nitazoxanide FDA Label
• [3] Tinidazole (Tindamax) - a new anti-protozoal drug. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2004 Aug 30;46(1190):70-2.
• [4] Molecular Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis Isolates from Symptomatic Individuals Attending Two Major Public Hospitals in Madrid, Spain.PLoS One. 2015 Dec 7;10(12):e0143981. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143981. eCollection 2015.
• [5] Characterization of telomeres and telomerase from the single-celled eukaryote Giardia intestinalis.Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2017 Jan;211:31-38. doi: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.09.003. Epub 2016 Sep 13.
• [6] A novel high-resolution multilocus sequence typing of Giardia intestinalis Assemblage A isolates reveals zoonotic transmission, clonal outbreaks and recombination.Infect Genet Evol. 2018 Jun;60:7-16. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.02.012. Epub 2018 Feb 10.
• [7] Identification of Conserved Candidate Vaccine Antigens in the Surface Proteome of Giardia lamblia.Infect Immun. 2019 May 21;87(6):e00219-19. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00219-19. Print 2019 Jun.
• [8] Long-term monitoring of microsporidia, Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in western Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) at different stages of habituation in Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic.PLoS One. 2013 Aug 7;8(8):e71840. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071840. eCollection 2013.
• [9] Molecular typing of Giardia duodenalis in cattle, sheep and goats in an arid area of central Iran.Infect Genet Evol. 2019 Nov;75:104021. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104021. Epub 2019 Sep 5.
• [10] Changes in the incidence of intestinal giardiosis in Mexican population during five years (2011-2015).Acta Parasitol. 2018 Mar 26;63(1):40-47. doi: 10.1515/ap-2018-0005.
• [11] Evaluation of a new multiplex PCR assay (ParaGENIE G-Amoeba Real-Time PCR kit) targeting Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar/Entamoeba moshkovskii from stool specimens: evidence for the limited performances of microscopy-based approach for amoeba species identification.Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018 Nov;24(11):1205-1209. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.02.007. Epub 2018 Feb 15.
• [12] Giardia duodenalis Rad52 protein: biochemical characterization and response upon DNA damage.J Biochem. 2017 Aug 1;162(2):123-135. doi: 10.1093/jb/mvx009.
• [13] Patterns of conservation of spliceosomal intron structures and spliceosome divergence in representatives of the diplomonad and parabasalid lineages.BMC Evol Biol. 2019 Aug 2;19(1):162. doi: 10.1186/s12862-019-1488-y.
• [14] Multicenter evaluation of the new QIAstat Gastrointestinal Panel for the rapid syndromic testing of acute gastroenteritis.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019 Nov;38(11):2103-2112. doi: 10.1007/s10096-019-03646-4. Epub 2019 Jul 27.