Details of Drug Off-Target (DOT)

General Information of Drug Off-Target (DOT) (ID: OTHHDS33)

• DOT Name: Protein S100-B (S100B)
• Synonyms: S-100 protein beta chain; S-100 protein subunit beta; S100 calcium-binding protein B
• Gene Name: S100B
• UniProt ID: S100B_HUMAN
• PDB ID: 1MQ1; 1UWO; 2H61; 2M49; 2PRU; 3CZT; 3D0Y; 3D10; 3HCM; 4XYN; 5CSF; 5CSI; 5CSJ; 5CSN; 5D7F
• Pfam ID: PF00036 ; PF01023
• Sequence:
  MSELEKAMVALIDVFHQYSGREGDKHKLKKSELKELINNELSHFLEEIKEQEVVDKVMET
  LDNDGDGECDFQEFMAFVAMVTTACHEFFEHE
• Function: Small zinc- and- and calcium-binding protein that is highly expressed in astrocytes and constitutes one of the most abundant soluble proteins in brain. Weakly binds calcium but binds zinc very tightly-distinct binding sites with different affinities exist for both ions on each monomer. Physiological concentrations of potassium ion antagonize the binding of both divalent cations, especially affecting high-affinity calcium-binding sites. Acts as a neurotrophic factor that promotes astrocytosis and axonal proliferation. Involved in innervation of thermogenic adipose tissue by acting as an adipocyte-derived neurotrophic factor that promotes sympathetic innervation of adipose tissue. Binds to and initiates the activation of STK38 by releasing autoinhibitory intramolecular interactions within the kinase. Interaction with AGER after myocardial infarction may play a role in myocyte apoptosis by activating ERK1/2 and p53/TP53 signaling. Could assist ATAD3A cytoplasmic processing, preventing aggregation and favoring mitochondrial localization. May mediate calcium-dependent regulation on many physiological processes by interacting with other proteins, such as TPR-containing proteins, and modulating their activity.
• Tissue Specificity: Although predominant among the water-soluble brain proteins, S100 is also found in a variety of other tissues.
• Reactome Pathway:
  TAK1-dependent IKK and NF-kappa-B activation (R-HSA-445989)
  Advanced glycosylation endproduct receptor signaling (R-HSA-879415)
  TRAF6 mediated NF-kB activation (R-HSA-933542)
  Nuclear signaling by ERBB4 (R-HSA-1251985)

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This DOT

2 Drug(s) Affected the Post-Translational Modifications of This DOT

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Interaction	REF
Valproate	DMCFE9I	Approved	Valproate decreases the methylation of Protein S100-B (S100B).	[1]
Benzo(a)pyrene	DMN7J43	Phase 1	Benzo(a)pyrene increases the methylation of Protein S100-B (S100B).	[11]

12 Drug(s) Affected the Gene/Protein Processing of This DOT

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Interaction	REF
Tretinoin	DM49DUI	Approved	Tretinoin increases the expression of Protein S100-B (S100B).	[2]
Acetaminophen	DMUIE76	Approved	Acetaminophen decreases the expression of Protein S100-B (S100B).	[3]
Arsenic trioxide	DM61TA4	Approved	Arsenic trioxide increases the expression of Protein S100-B (S100B).	[4]
Calcitriol	DM8ZVJ7	Approved	Calcitriol increases the expression of Protein S100-B (S100B).	[5]
Vorinostat	DMWMPD4	Approved	Vorinostat increases the expression of Protein S100-B (S100B).	[6]
Panobinostat	DM58WKG	Approved	Panobinostat increases the expression of Protein S100-B (S100B).	[7]
Alitretinoin	DMME8LH	Approved	Alitretinoin increases the expression of Protein S100-B (S100B).	[8]
Norepinephrine	DMOUC09	Approved	Norepinephrine increases the expression of Protein S100-B (S100B).	[9]
SNDX-275	DMH7W9X	Phase 3	SNDX-275 increases the expression of Protein S100-B (S100B).	[6]
DNCB	DMDTVYC	Phase 2	DNCB decreases the expression of Protein S100-B (S100B).	[10]
Trichostatin A	DM9C8NX	Investigative	Trichostatin A increases the expression of Protein S100-B (S100B).	[12]
Paraquat	DMR8O3X	Investigative	Paraquat increases the expression of Protein S100-B (S100B).	[13]

References

• [1] Integrative omics data analyses of repeated dose toxicity of valproic acid in vitro reveal new mechanisms of steatosis induction. Toxicology. 2018 Jan 15;393:160-170.
• [2] Transcriptional and Metabolic Dissection of ATRA-Induced Granulocytic Differentiation in NB4 Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells. Cells. 2020 Nov 5;9(11):2423. doi: 10.3390/cells9112423.
• [3] Blood transcript immune signatures distinguish a subset of people with elevated serum ALT from others given acetaminophen. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Apr;99(4):432-41.
• [4] Essential role of cell cycle regulatory genes p21 and p27 expression in inhibition of breast cancer cells by arsenic trioxide. Med Oncol. 2011 Dec;28(4):1225-54.
• [5] Identification of vitamin D3 target genes in human breast cancer tissue. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2016 Nov;164:90-97.
• [6] Definition of transcriptome-based indices for quantitative characterization of chemically disturbed stem cell development: introduction of the STOP-Toxukn and STOP-Toxukk tests. Arch Toxicol. 2017 Feb;91(2):839-864.
• [7] A transcriptome-based classifier to identify developmental toxicants by stem cell testing: design, validation and optimization for histone deacetylase inhibitors. Arch Toxicol. 2015 Sep;89(9):1599-618.
• [8] Effects of all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid on differentiating human neural stem cells in vitro. Toxicology. 2023 Mar 15;487:153461. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153461. Epub 2023 Feb 16.
• [9] Inhibition of norepinephrine-induced cardiac hypertrophy in s100beta transgenic mice. J Clin Invest. 1998 Oct 15;102(8):1609-16. doi: 10.1172/JCI3077.
• [10] Microarray analyses in dendritic cells reveal potential biomarkers for chemical-induced skin sensitization. Mol Immunol. 2007 May;44(12):3222-33.
• [11] Air pollution and DNA methylation alterations in lung cancer: A systematic and comparative study. Oncotarget. 2017 Jan 3;8(1):1369-1391. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13622.
• [12] From transient transcriptome responses to disturbed neurodevelopment: role of histone acetylation and methylation as epigenetic switch between reversible and irreversible drug effects. Arch Toxicol. 2014 Jul;88(7):1451-68.
• [13] Characterization of paraquat-induced miRNA profiling response in hNPCs undergoing proliferation. Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Oct 13;15(10):18422-36. doi: 10.3390/ijms151018422.