Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCKAR38)

• Drug Combination Name: Vismodegib + Vemurafenib
• Indication: Plasma cell myeloma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Vismodegib (DM5IXKQ): Small molecular drug
  Vemurafenib (DM62UG5): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: RPMI-8226
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 18.01
  Bliss Independence Score: 16.66
  Loewe Additivity Score: 6.98
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 4.69

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Vismodegib

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Basal cell carcinoma	2C32	Approved	[2]
Primitive neuroectodermal tumour medulloblastoma	2A00.11	Phase 2	[3]

Vismodegib Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Smoothened homolog (SMO)	TT8J1S3	SMO_HUMAN	Modulator	[5]

Vismodegib Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[6]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[6]

Vismodegib Interacts with 13 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A (TNFRSF10A)	OTBPCU2O	TR10A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B (TNFRSF10B)	OTA1CPBV	TR10B_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
Zinc finger protein GLI1 (GLI1)	OT1BTAJO	GLI1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Zinc finger protein GLI2 (GLI2)	OTIRV97L	GLI2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2)	OT9DVHC0	BCL2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA)	OTDJXUCN	PGFRA_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS)	OTP9XG86	TNR6_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[7]
Protein patched homolog 1 (PTCH1)	OTMG07H5	PTC1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Protein smoothened (SMO)	OTXXE208	SMO_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Protein patched homolog 2 (PTCH2)	OTOQ0K9V	PTC2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Suppressor of fused homolog (SUFU)	OT0IRYG1	SUFU_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[8]
N-myc proto-oncogene protein (MYCN)	OTWD33K1	MYCN_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[8]

Indication(s) of Vemurafenib

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Melanoma	2C30	Approved	[4]

Vemurafenib Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf (BRAF)	TTWCGQT	BRAF_HUMAN	Modulator	[11]

Vemurafenib Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1)	DT3D8F0	SO1B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (SLCO1B3)	DT9C1TS	SO1B3_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]

Vemurafenib Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[14]

Vemurafenib Interacts with 19 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)	OT6XJCZH	MITF_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[9]
Myc proto-oncogene protein (MYC)	OTPV5LUK	MYC_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[15]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4)	OT7EP05T	CDK4_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2)	OTAD2HEL	CCL2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1)	OT8HPTKJ	CCND1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[10]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[10]
CD70 antigen (CD70)	OTHB2AL1	CD70_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[18]
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2)	OT75U9M4	PGH2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBF1)	OTWBRPAI	SRBP1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Melanocyte protein PMEL (PMEL)	OTCDDHHM	PMEL_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[9]
Melanoma-associated antigen 1 (MAGEA1)	OTXAO193	MAGA1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Thyroxine 5-deiodinase (DIO3)	OTNTITOT	IOD3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[20]
Melanoma antigen recognized by T-cells 1 (MLANA)	OT1N2S2K	MAR1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[9]
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A)	OTADSC03	HIF1A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
GTPase KRas (KRAS)	OT78QCN8	RASK_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[21]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf (BRAF)	OT7S81XQ	BRAF_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[22]
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A (HSPA1A)	OTKGIE76	HS71A_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[23]
GTPase NRas (NRAS)	OTVQ1DG3	RASN_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[21]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Invasive ductal carcinoma	DC2GJ6A	BT-549	Investigative	[24]
Adenocarcinoma	DC41F3Z	DU-145	Investigative	[1]
Adenocarcinoma	DCC7ST3	HT29	Investigative	[1]
Adult T acute lymphoblastic leukemia	DCQQMZK	MOLT-4	Investigative	[1]
Astrocytoma	DCALHKX	SNB-19	Investigative	[1]
Glioblastoma	DCT9NHR	SNB-75	Investigative	[1]
Glioma	DCBVTVZ	SF-268	Investigative	[1]
Malignant melanoma	DC941DD	UACC62	Investigative	[1]
Melanoma	DCVMMZV	SK-MEL-2	Investigative	[1]
Melanoma	DCGFVBM	MALME-3M	Investigative	[1]

References

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• [3] A phase II, multicenter, open-label, 3-cohort trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of vismodegib in operable basal cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015 Jul;73(1):99-105.e1.
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5893).
• [5] Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2013 Feb;12(2):87-90.
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• [9] PLX4032 Mediated Melanoma Associated Antigen Potentiation in Patient Derived Primary Melanoma Cells. J Cancer. 2015 Oct 29;6(12):1320-30. doi: 10.7150/jca.11126. eCollection 2015.
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• [11] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
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• [14] Vemurafenib for the treatment of melanoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2012 Dec;13(17):2533-43.
• [15] Perturbation biology nominates upstream-downstream drug combinations in RAF inhibitor resistant melanoma cells. Elife. 2015 Aug 18;4:e04640. doi: 10.7554/eLife.04640.
• [16] Role of the protein kinase BRAF in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2016 Aug;20(8):1017-29. doi: 10.1080/14728222.2016.1180367. Epub 2016 May 4.
• [17] Overcoming melanoma resistance to vemurafenib by targeting CCL2-induced miR-34a, miR-100 and miR-125b. Oncotarget. 2016 Jan 26;7(4):4428-41. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.6599.
• [18] Melanoma Expressed-CD70 Is Regulated by RhoA and MAPK Pathways without Affecting Vemurafenib Treatment Activity. PLoS One. 2016 Feb 1;11(2):e0148095. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148095. eCollection 2016.
• [19] Sustained SREBP-1-dependent lipogenesis as a key mediator of resistance to BRAF-targeted therapy. Nat Commun. 2018 Jun 27;9(1):2500. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04664-0.
• [20] MAPK and SHH pathways modulate type 3 deiodinase expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2016 Mar;23(3):135-46. doi: 10.1530/ERC-15-0162.
• [21] Paradoxical activation of MEK/ERK signaling induced by B-Raf inhibition enhances DR5 expression and DR5 activation-induced apoptosis in Ras-mutant cancer cells. Sci Rep. 2016 May 25;6:26803. doi: 10.1038/srep26803.
• [22] The BRAFT1799A mutation confers sensitivity of thyroid cancer cells to the BRAFV600E inhibitor PLX4032 (RG7204). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Jan 28;404(4):958-62. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.088. Epub 2010 Dec 23.
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